Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism is a common and well-recognised endocrine disorder occurring in dogs. The biochemical diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism rests on the documentation of excessive glucocorticoid levels or metabolites in urine or blood. The diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism is historically developed from human methods and based on non-dynamic and dynamic tests and visualisation. In some cases the different ranges of endocrine parameters or metabolites necessitate the modification of human protocols. Elevation of the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and its heat-resistant isoenzyme (SIAP) induced by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid excess raise the suspicion of hyperadrenocorticism. Cortisol values in morning urine are related to creatinine concentrations to correct for differences in urine concentration. Theoretically, the administration of dexamethasone (DX) at a relatively low dose (0.01 mg/kg of body weight) can inhibit the pituitary secretion of ACTH and, in turn, decrease endogenous cortisol secretion for as long as 24 to 48 h. Therefore, DX administration to dogs with a functioning adrenocortical tumour would not affect the plasma cortisol concentration at any time following its administration. The high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDS) is based on the observation that the function of adrenocortical tumours is independent of pituitary ACTH and they completely suppress ACTH secretion; therefore, regardless of its dose, dexamethasone is never able to suppress cortisol secretion. HDDS can be combined with the measurement of urinary cortisol/creatinine (c/c) ratio from morning urine samples on three consecutive days. In case of non-suppressible urinary c/c ratio one has to speculate on differentiating adrenal tumour (AT) from non-suppressible pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) due to a pituitary tumour arising from the intermediate lobe. Radiocholesterol scintigraphy is a less frequently used technique in the diagnosis of canine Cushing's syndrome (CCS); however, it has the same advantages in the localisation and characterisation of adrenocortical diseases as in humans.
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PMID:Diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs as compared to human diagnostic methods: a review. 970 20

Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of mesenchymatous tissue in bone. There are various risks. We describe the clinical and radiological features observed in a patient with fibrous polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and discuss risks. A 37-year-old man suffered from bone pain and multiple fractures without endocrine disorder since the age of 10 years. At admission in 1998, he presented limb deformities and hyperchromic spots on the thorax. Calciuria was low and alkaline phosphatase was 1274 IU/ml. Endocrine tests were normal. Radiographs showed polyostotic defects in the right hemibody and in the skull. They also showed a right subtrochanteric fissure. CT scan of the face and skull did not demonstrate nerve compression. Histology analysis identified fibrous dysplasia. Vitamin and calcium supplementation and preventive measures were instituted. No deformity led to surgical correction despite the early beginning. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is a congenital disease. Radiological aspects are variable. There is a risk of deformities, fractures, osteomalacia (as in our case), neurological compression, and finally a risk of sarcomatous transformation. Recently introduced biphosphonate therapy appears to provide effective pain relief and probably satisfactory prevention of fractures.
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PMID:[Polyostotic fibrous dyplasia: a case report of a diffuse form with hemimelic predominance]. 1244 32

Menstrual disorder is one of the most frequently encountered and perplexing conditions in adult women. Dysfunctional uterine haemorrhage (DUH) includes scanty, excessive or irregular bleeding, the primary cause of which is yet to become clear. A total of 100 cases of DUH were studied by histological and histochemical evaluation of endomertium with an object to find out the pathophysiology of DUH. Twenty cases of the similar age group without DUH acted as control. Irregular excessive bleeding was found to be the highest in multiparous women in their 4th decade of life. The material from endometrium was studied by haematoxylin and eosin statin, alcian blue, periodic acid Schiff's reaction and alkaline phosphatase activity. Histological examination of the study group revealed normal endometrium in 66% of cases and abnormal in 34% cases while histochemical behaviour was normal in 54% cases and abnormal in 46% cases. Hormonal imbalance is the chief factor in the pathogenesis of DUH and this abnormal hormonal status can better be revealed by a combined study of histological and histochemical evaluation of endometrium.
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PMID:Histological and histochemical study of endometrium in dysfunctional uterine haemorrhage. 1507 2

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is not an uncommon endocrine disorder. We describe a patient with PHPT who presented with progressive proximal limbs weakness and dystrophic changes of leg muscles. Serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone were elevated and serum phosphorus was low. Neck computerized tomography scan showed a parenchymatous tumor in the right lobe of the thyroid. The tumor presented as a 'cold nodule' in the dual-phase single-agent Tc-99m MIBI scan. The right lobectomy examination confirmed the diagnosis of an intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma of the right gland.
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PMID:Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma presenting with neuromuscular manifestation. 1958 81

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to prolonged fevers of > or = 101 degrees F and that persists for > 3 weeks that remain undiagnosed after an intensive in-hospital/outpatient workup. The most common FUO categories of are infectious, neoplastic, rheumatic/inflammatory, and miscellaneous causes. Malignancies have supplanted infectious diseases as the most common cause of FUOs in the adult population. Rheumatic/inflammatory causes of FUO are relatively less common than previously because of the introduction over the years of sophisticated diagnostic tests for most rheumatic diseases. The rheumatic/inflammatory disorders that remain important causes of FUO today are those that cannot be readily diagnosed by readily available/noninvasive tests, for example, adult Still's disease and temporal arteritis (TA). In older patients with FUO, TA can be a difficult diagnosis when the characteristic findings (ie, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication) are not present. Patients with TA presenting as FUO often have only headaches that may be accompanied by bilateral jaw discomfort. Endocrine causes of FUOs are rare. The most common endocrine disorder rarely presenting as an FUO is de Quervain's subacute thyroiditis. As in TA, subacute thyroiditis may present with headache and pain at the angle of the jaw. Both TA and subacute thyroiditis may be accompanied by fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. We present a case of 55-year-old woman who presented with an FUO with clinical and laboratory findings suggesting TA. However, the absence of thrombocytosis and a normal alkaline phosphatase argued against the diagnosis of TA. Also against the diagnosis of TA was weight loss without loss of appetite and a slightly increased pulse. After nonspecific laboratory test results suggested that TA was not the cause of her FUO, additional tests were ordered. Thyroid function test results suggested the possibility of de Quervain's subacute thyroiditis as the cause of her FUO. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of de Quervain's subacute thyroiditis presenting as an FUO with elevated ferritin levels.
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PMID:Fever of unknown origin (FUO): de Quervain's subacute thyroiditis with highly elevated ferritin levels mimicking temporal arteritis (TA). 2010 88

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is not an uncommon endocrine disorder. However, acute primary hyperparathyroidism, or parathyroid crisis (PC), is a rare clinical entity characterized by life-threatening hypercalcemia of a sudden onset in patients with PHPT. We describe a patient with PC who presented with acute worsening of depressive symptoms, nausea and vomiting, and required emergency surgery. Serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone were elevated and serum phosphorus was low. An emergency hemithyroidectomy was performed because of none medical control of hypercalcemia. A giant intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma was diagnosed. PHTP can be a life-threatening situation for patients, requiring immediate surgical treatment. A giant intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma is an uncommon cause of PC.
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PMID:Giant intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma. 2278 55

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder. Anti-diabetic agents from natural and synthetic sources are available for the treatment of this disease. Berberis integerrima is a medicinal shrub used in conventional therapy for a number of diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of Berberis integerrima root (AEBI) on some physiological parameters in normal and streptozotocin-induced (STZ-induced) diabetic male Wistar rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant increases in the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine (Cr), urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin while body weight, high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and total protein levels were significantly decreased compared to normal rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with different doses of aqueous extract of Berberis integerrima root (250 and 500 mg/Kg bw) resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea while HDL-cholesterol and total protein levels were markedly increased after six weeks compared to untreated diabetic rats. The effects of the AEBI at dose of 500 mg/Kg in all parameters except blood glucose (similar) is more than to the standard drug, glibenclamide (0.6 mg/Kg, p.o.). The results of this study indicate that the tested aqueous extract of Berberis integerrima root possesses hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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PMID:Effects of Aqueous Extract of Berberis integerrima Root on Some Physiological Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 2425 Jun 18

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder caused by the overactivation of the parathyroid glands due to the autonomous production of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). The resultant hypercalcemia leads to a myriad of symptoms. Here we report the case of a 54-year-old female with a previous diagnosis of Gougerot disease, in whom clinical (diffuse bone pain, asthenia polydipsia, and polyuria) and laboratory features (calcium level, 3.1 mmol/L; phosphate level, 0.55 mmol/L; alkaline phosphatase level, 70 U/L; and intact PTH level, 1028.9 pmol/L) prompted the diagnosis of PHPT caused by a parathyroid adenoma as confirmed by anatomopathology. After treatment with renal replacement therapy, intravenous fluids and zolendronic acid, and subtotal parathyroidectomy, the patient status improved, with normal laboratory tests. However, the fortuitous nature of the association between Gougerot disease and PHPT as well as the physiopathological links between these two diseases remain to be specified.
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PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism and Gougerot disease. 2965 79