Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of serum liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound as screening tests of the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was determined in patients with unexplained abdominal pain without associated jaundice. In 1989 and 1990 1005 ERCPs were undertaken, of which 138 (14%) were for this indication. The duct or ducts of interest were delineated by ERCP in 95% of patients. The lesions found were bile duct stones in 10 patients, chronic pancreatitis in five, pancreatic carcinoma in one, peptic ulcer or duodenitis in four. A satisfactory ultrasound examination had been performed in 94% of patients. For chronic pancreatitis, its sensitivity was 60% and specificity 95%. For choledocholithiasis, the ultrasonic detection of duct dilatation or stones had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86%. Of the liver function tests, the alkaline phosphatase was more sensitive (67%) than the transaminases (44%) in indicating the presence of bile duct stones and had a high specificity (95%). None of the 10 patients with duct stones had normal ultrasound and normal alkaline phosphatase. Thus it was found that demonstration of a normal common bile duct by abdominal ultrasound and normal serum alkaline phosphatase together have 100% specificity in excluding bile duct stones. Using such knowledge over the two year period of this study would have spared 36 patients the need for ERCP.
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PMID:Value of ultrasound and liver function tests in determining the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in unexplained abdominal pain. 145 84

A study of the cavitary and membrane digestion of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and data of the histological structure of the bioptate of the duodenal mucosa in 34 patients with chronic pancreatitis revealed the morphological picture of chronic duodenitis. This resulted in a reduction of the sorption properties of the intestinal epithelium that was manifested in a reduction of the rate of membranous digestion, mainly of lipids and lactose. Lesser degrees of protein, starch and saccharose hydrolysis were observed. Biopsy specimens of the duodenal mucosa showed a reduced activity of enterokinase and alkaline phosphatase. Antacids (almagel, phosphalugel), mineral waters ("Borzhomi", "Poliana Kvasova"), regeneration stimulators (Metacyl, retalil), agents stimulating the motor function (cerukal, reglan and oth.) are recommended for the complex treatment of concomitant duodenitis.
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PMID:[The functional-morphological changes in the duodenum in chronic pancreatitis]. 147 21

Biopsy specimens from duodenal mucosa in 34 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopically abnormal mucosa (including duodenitis, active duodenal ulcer, and healed duodenal ulcer) and in 9 patients with histologically normal mucosa were examined histologically for gastric metaplasia and endogenous alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), we found gastric metaplasia in 91.2 per cent (31 out of 34) of patients with altered duodenal mucosa and in 33.3 per cent (3 out of 9) of patients with histologically normal, non-inflamed duodenal mucosa (P less than 0.001). To characterize gastric metaplasia further, histochemical methods for AP activity were applied to duodenal mucosa specimens. No AP activity was detected in complete metaplastic cells, but focal or diffuse loss of AP activity was frequently shown in otherwise normal appearing enterocytes next to metaplastic cell groups. Focal loss of AP activity was also detected in seven out of nine healthy controls (= 77.8 per cent) which appeared normal when stained with H&E. Our results suggest that the loss of AP activity in enterocytes may be an early marker of developing gastric metaplasia or at least a morphological manifestation of cell damage.
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PMID:Loss of alkaline phosphatase activity in duodenal mucosa: a marker for precursors of gastric metaplasia? 229 Jan 16

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) rapidly dissolves cholesterol gall stones in vitro and in vivo. To further characterise tolerability and safety of this aliphatic ether, either MTBE (1 ml/kg body wt daily for two days) or an equal amount of saline was infused into the common bile duct (CBD) of eight cholecystectomised rabbits. Transient vomiting, dyspnoea and somnolence developed during MTBE instillation. Post-treatment values of serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in MTBE than in saline treated animals. Cholangiography one week after the last intraductal infusion showed a five-fold increase of CBD size in MTBE v control rabbits. At autopsy histological signs of chemical cholangitis and mild duodenitis were noted in MTBE treated animals. Prompted by these findings, we performed a cholangiography in two patients who had received intraductal MTBE (about 0.2 ml/kg body wt daily for one or two days) one year before: an abnormal dilatation of the CBD was present, which might represent a specific, hitherto undescribed permanent sequela of MTBE administration.
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PMID:Unexpected dilatation of the common bile duct after methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in rabbits. Possible implications to findings in man. 275 85

We report the case of a 24-year-old male patient admitted for recent ascites and splenomegaly of unknown origin. The patient was referred to our institution with complaints of diarrhea, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping and weight loss over the past three weeks. The acute onset presented with colicky abdominal pain and peritoneal effusion. History revealed reduced appetite and weight gain of 7 kg over the last one month. His past medical history and family history was negative. He had no history of alcohol abuse or viral hepatitis infection. Laboratory data revealed normal transaminases and bilirubin levels, and alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyltransferase were within normal range. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed which showed free peritoneal fluid and normal abdominal viscera. Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed a few days later revealed diffuse severe erythematous pangastritis and gastroduodenal gastric reflux. Duodenal biopsies showed chronic nonspecific duodenitis. Antrum and corpus biopsies showed chronic gastritis. The ascitic fluid was straw-colored and sterile with 80% eosinophils. Stool exam was negative for parasitic infection. Treatment with albendazole 400 mg twice daily for 5 days led to the disappearance of ascites and other signs and symptoms. Three months after albendazole treatment the eosinophilic cell count was normal. The final diagnosis was consistent with parasitic infection while the clinical, sonographic and histological findings suggested an eosinophilic ascites. We emphasize the importance of excluding parasitic infection in all patients with eosinophilic ascites. We chose an alternative way (albendazole treatment) to resolve this clinical picture. With our alternative way for excluding this parasitic infection, we treated the patient and then found the cause.
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PMID:An extremely uncommon case of parasitic infection presenting as eosinophilic ascites in a young patient. 2155 35

A 14-month-old girl presented with the recurring bouts of vomiting and diarrhoea and failure to thrive. At 7 months of age, the baby was found to be exclusively breast fed and her blood tests revealed low calcium, low phosphorous and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase. She was started on vitamin D and calcium supplements. Five months later, she came in with lower-limb bowing, irritability, vomiting and loose stools. The laboratory studies revealed very low serum hydroxyvitamin D, and high serum dihydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D dose was doubled. Ten weeks later, her growth velocity had fallen and she continued to have intermittent loose stools. The oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was done and the biopsies showed Helicobacter pylori gastritis and mild duodenitis. After eradication of H pylori, there was a dramatic improvement in her growth and activity and upon 6 months follow- up there was no clinical or radiologic evidence of rickets.
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PMID:A failing to thrive 18 month old with vitamin D deficiency rickets and Helicobacter pylori gastritis. 2268 67