Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lambda transducing phages containing portions of the phoA gene have been isolated and used to construct a deletion map of the phoA gene. The isolation of a plaque-forming lambda transducing phage carrying the entire phoA gene is also described. Two new methods for screening or selection of mutants that have altered levels of alkaline phosphatase activity are reported.
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PMID:Deletion map of the Escherichia coli structural gene for alkaline phosphatase, phoA. 645 Jul 45

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important human and animal pathogen in Africa and has been responsible for infections in travelers. Because of the aerosol infectivity and risk of dissemination of the virus, a need exists for simple, safe, serological tests for diagnosis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect RVFV-specific immunoglobulins (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM). In the test, a betapropiolactone-inactivated, sucrose-acetone-extracted, suckling mouse liver RVFV antigen was captured by mouse RVFV antibodies adsorbed to polystyrene plates. The test sample (human serum) was then added, and the binding of specific antibodies was indicated by alkaline phosphatase-conjugated swine anti-human IgG or IgM. A mu-capture IgM ELISA was also developed by using polystyrene plates coated with goat anti-human IgM incubated successively with serum sample, RVFV antigen, and indicator antibodies. The ELISA for RVFV-specific IgG proved to be more sensitive than hemagglutination inhibition or complement fixation tests and almost as sensitive as the plaque reduction neutralization test in detecting specific antibodies in human sera after vaccination. The two ELISA IgM tests could detect specific IgM antibodies during the first 6 weeks after RVFV vaccination. Three injections of inactivated vaccine were given on days 0, 6 to 8, and 32 to 34. ELISA IgM values for sera obtained on days 6 to 8 were negative or in the lower range of significance, on days 32 to 34 they were strongly positive, and on days 42 to 52 they were waning. Later sera were negative. The plague reduction neutralization test was negative on days 6 to 8 but rose progressively in later samples. These findings suggest that the three doses of RVFV vaccine induce a prolonged primary antibody response. The ELISA IgM could become an important tool for early diagnosis in acute human infection. A number of African sera, some of which were positive for RVFV by plaque reduction neutralization test, were also tested by ELISA IgG. There was good agreement between both tests.
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PMID:Detection of human immunoglobulins G and M antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 653 6

The immunization of guinea pigs with trivaccine and monovaccines against plaque, tularemia and anthrax induces a decrease in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. A decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase had been found to occur in neutrophil leukocytes. Besides, neutrophil leukocytes have shown an increase in the activity of acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterases. The study based on the evaluation of the activity of the above-mentioned enzymes in lymphocytes and neutrophils has not revealed the predominant influence exercised by any of the antigens, different in their nature and used separately or in the form of a combined preparation, on immunogenesis.
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PMID:[Cytochemical changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of guinea pigs inoculated against plague, tularemia and anthrax]. 681 31

Keratotome slices were cut across the margins of rapidly-spreading psoriatic plaques. Each slice was divided into eight sections and in each section we measured the percentage cells in S phase and the levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (both related to epidermal proliferation), acid phosphatase (associated with keratinization) and alkaline phosphatase (a marker for dermal capillaries). Disturbances in the epidermis extended only 2 to 4 mm into the 'uninvolved' skin, whereas the capillaries were metabolically abnormal for a distance of about 2 cm ahead of the advancing edge of the plaque. This implies that changes in the capillary may precede those in the epidermis during the spread of the psoriatic lesion.
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PMID:Metabolic changes at the margin of the spreading psoriatic lesion. 686 May 60

The following investigation was undertaken to study the location in the dental plaque and calculus of certain enzyme activities and to compare the patterns obtained with those of the normal hard tissue formation. Supragingival and subgingival calculus attached to the root surfaces of 30 extracted teeth was studied. The root with its deposits was frozen rapidly in a mixture of hexane and solid CO2 (-75 degrees C). From the frozen block, sections were cut and incubated for histochemical demonstration of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The plaque seemed to be stratified with regard to enzyme activity. Three different layers could be identified. In the basal layer, approximately 100 microns thick, enzyme activity was low. Lactate dehydrogenase activity could be identified in some sections, but no phosphatase activity. In the middle layer lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities were found in most of the sections. The superficial layer usually showed lactate dehydrogenase but not always acid or alkaline phosphatase activities. The results of the present investigation may suggest that the mineralization of the dental plaque is not only a passive mineralization of dead bacteria, but also an active process promoted by enzymes in the covering bacterial layers.
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PMID:An enzyme histochemical study of dental plaque and calculus. 696 68

A nonhuman primate model of clinical Rickettsia prowazekii infections was developed in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Monkeys infected intravenously with 10(7) plaque-forming units developed clinical signs of illness and pathological changes characteristic of epidemic typhus infection in humans. Increases in total leukocyte counts, serum alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase values were observed. Microscopic examination revealed typical typhus nodules in the brains of two monkeys that died. These data indicated that the cynomolgus monkey is a suitable model for study of the pathogenesis of epidemic typhus infection and may prove valuable in the evaluation of candidate R. prowazekii vaccines.
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PMID:Epidemic typhus infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). 743 74

This paper reports the development of a protocol allowing hybridization and detection of DNA fixed to nylon colony lifts from up to three species of bacteria simultaneously. Half ml samples of serial dilutions of pure cooked-meat broth (CMB) cultures of Capnocytophaga ochracea, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia were grown on trypticase soy blood agar (TSBA) plates for 7 days in an anaerobic chamber. From the same CMBs a further set of dilutions was completed that contained all three species. Samples from these dilutions produced mixed-growth TSBA plates following anaerobic incubation for 7 days. After incubation, colony counts on pure-growth TSBA plates were enumerated by colony counter. Colony counts of C. ochracea, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia on mixed-growth TSBA plates were enumerated by nylon colony lift, simultaneous hybridization with non-isotopic whole chromosomal DNA probes and alkaline phosphatase substrates generating three colours. The results indicate that the protocol correctly identified and differentiated between the three species on mixed-growth TSBA plates. The proportions of each species and mean total colony count expected by counting pure plates were in agreement with the proportions of each species and total colony counts enumerated by DNA probes on mixed growth plates. The development of simultaneous hybridization and multicolour detection will result in improved data recovery from dental plaque samples, in addition to reducing the cost and labour required in current colony-lift protocols, without affecting the specificity or sensitivity of the probes used.
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PMID:Simultaneous hybridization and subsequent colour detection of subgingival bacterial DNA on colony lifts. 750 60

Lead will inhibit skeletal development and localize in areas of bone formation and resorption, but the mechanisms of lead toxicity in bone are largely unknown. This study used an ectopic bone (plaque) induction method to investigate the effect of lead on mineralization of cartilage in growing bone. Demineralized bone matrix was subcutaneously implanted in male Long-Evans rats to induce plaque formation. Of 64 rats which were provided deionized water, 32 were implanted with control matrix (control group). The remaining 32 rats were implanted with matrix containing a target concentration of 200 micrograms lead/g of plaque tissue as ectopic bone (lead-added group). Another group of 32 rats was continuously exposed to 1000 ppm lead in drinking water and subcutaneously implanted with control matrix (drinking water-lead group). Plaques were taken for analysis on Days 8 and 12 postimplantation. Alkaline phosphatase activity and cartilage mineralization were obliterated in lead-added plaques. However, calcium deposition was markedly enhanced in the lead-added plaques. Decreased alkaline phosphatase in Day 8 drinking water-lead plaques followed increased Day 12 drinking water lead plaque calcification. Enhanced cartilage calcification and reduced alkaline phosphatase activity in the drinking water-lead plaques was consistent with effects observed in the metaphyseal regions of bone in lead-exposed rats and pigs. The results of this study suggest that lead adversely influences bone development through disruption of mineralization during growth.
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PMID:Influence of lead on mineralization during bone growth. 758 15

Glycoconjugates of microglial cells and in some cases those glycoconjugates present in the amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease in the cerebral cortex can be stained with a lectin from mistletoe (ML-I) using a labour-intensive and time-consuming indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In order to simplify the staining method and to test the staining characteristics of the other recently isolated mistletoe lectins (ML-II, ML-III) biotinylated MLs I-III were used together with an avidin-alkaline phosphatase-complex for visualisation. Our findings indicate that this new improved technique can also be used for detection of microglial cells and is considerably faster than the old method. In addition to microglial cells, ML-I labelled plaque glycoproteins possibly indicating that glycoconjugates derived from microglia can be detected in plaques. In contrast to ML-I, both ML-II and ML-III did not stain microglial cells.
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PMID:Binding patterns of mistletoe lectins I, II and III to microglia and Alzheimer plaque glycoproteins in human brains. 771 44

The molecules that mediate the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, to Streptococcus gordonii, a commensal plaque organism, were investigated. Outer membrane proteins of P. gingivalis were labelled with biotin, extracted by EDTA and reacted with S. gordonii cells. Interactive porphyromonas components were identified by SDS-PAGE of the S. gordonii cells followed by electroblotting and visualization of the adsorbed porphyromonas molecules with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase. A P. gingivalis molecule of 35 kDa bound to S. gordonii. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies to the 35 kDa protein inhibited binding of P. gingivalis to S. gordonii by 71%. The antibodies also reacted with the P. gingivalis fimbriae, indicating that the 35 kDa molecule is antigenically related to, or associated with, the fimbriae.
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PMID:Identification of a molecule of Porphyromonas gingivalis that binds to Streptococcus gordonii. 772 62


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