Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteoblasts and odontoblasts are both derived from the same mesenchymal cell line. Our aim was to investigate whether the processes of bone destruction and dentinal caries are biologically similar. The working hypothesis was that after the initiation of caries in the enamel, its rate of progression in the dentine is regulated by cell-mediated factors. Experimental caries was induced in the rat with a high sucrose diet combined with Streptococcus sobrinus infection. Both destruction of dentine and its apposition in the pulp under the carious lesions were measured after vital staining with tetracycline. Caries progression and dentine apposition were higher in developing teeth prior to apex "closure" than in adult, fully-formed teeth. Rats placed on a cariogenic diet during tooth development had an increased rate of caries progression. Fluoride administration via the drinking water was associated with decreased dentine apposition and little progression of dentine caries during the developmental stages. Dentine apposition was enhanced in adult rats placed on fluoride administration, while caries progression was reduced, whereas in animals subjected to metabolic acidosis dentine caries progression was enhanced, with reduced dentine apposition. In contrast, alkalotic animals had less dentinal lesions and smaller ones than the controls. Three theories are advanced to explain the observed changes: (i) They may be associated with changes in alkaline phosphatase activity in the pulpo-dentinal complex, (ii) they may be mediated by ionic changes in the dentinal fluid, or (iii) they may reflect the liberation of growth factors from dentinal matrix.
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PMID:Odontoblast-mediated regulation of the progression of dentinal caries. 150 87

The phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in saliva may be related to the susceptibility to dental caries and supragingival calculus. Hence, the unstimulated mixed saliva of child patients were assayed by biochemical methods to determine the phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in such salivary samples. It is very interesting to note that higher phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were found in patients with rampant caries as compared to that with non rampant/control group.
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PMID:Relation of salivary phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase to the incidence of dental caries in children. 208 Nov 31

The toxic activities of Ga-Sn alloy (Adlloy-OH) in experimental rats, its relations to the nutritional condition and dental caries development, were studied for three months. Adlloy, 0.3 g or 3 g per body weight (kg), was fed orally with the basal diet consisting of casein, sucrose, bean oil, mineral, and vitamin mixtures. Biochemical assays of serum was carried out for total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, glucose, urea, creatine, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, and GPT. There was no convincing evidence of toxic effects on growth and biochemical data by the oral feeding of Addloy-OH.
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PMID:[Toxic activities of the Ga-Sn alloy (Adlloy-OH) on nutritional condition and dental caries development in rats]. 213

The case records of 10 children with osteopetrosis are reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 4 years. Parental consanguinity was noted in all the families. Growth retardation was the commonest presenting complaint. All the children had severe dental caries. Routine metabolic studies for calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were unremarkable. The literature on the management of this entity is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Osteopetrosis in Saudi children: a report of 10 cases. 245 27

A 7-year-old boy was referred to the children's hospital because of gross oedema and tiredness. Massive proteinuria was found and the condition was diagnosed as a childhood nephrotic syndrome. Concomitantly, pathologically low levels of serum alkaline phosphatase were recorded, and this, together with generalized osteoporosis and premature synostosis of cranial sutures, led to a second diagnosis: hypophosphatasia. The patient's family history further confirmed this condition of a heritable defect of metabolism. Dental inspection revealed very carious teeth with characteristically enlarged pulp chambers in molars. Histological examination of an extracted tooth revealed an unusually wide zone of predentine with some other dentinal irregularities. No cement layer was found. The skeletal age and exfoliation of primary teeth, however, were normal, unlike most reported cases of hypophosphatasia. The patient's renal disease was treated mainly with corticosteroids. There is no treatment for hypophosphatasia.
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PMID:Cranial manifestations of hypophosphatasia in childhood nephrotic syndrome. 643 Aug 33

Fluoride has been used for decades, either systemically or topically, to prevent dental caries. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of low concentrations of fluoride on proliferation, differentiation and extracellular-matrix synthesis in normal human dental pulp cells (DP-1 and DP-2) in vitro. The effects were compared with those on a human osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line, TE-85. Fluoride at micromolar concentrations significantly and dose-dependently stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in DP-1, DP-2 and TE-85 cells, with optimal effects around 50 microM, by 127 +/- 7%, 124 +/- 0.6% and 152 +/- 13.4%, respectively. To assess the potential influence of fluoride on cell differentiation, the effects of mitogenic concentrations on alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. Fluoride significantly increased the enzyme's activity in DP-1 and TE-85 by 177 +/- 12% and 144 +/- 12.3%. To evaluate the effect on extracellular-matrix synthesis, the synthesis of type I collagen was indirectly determined by an assay of procollagen type I c-peptide production. Fluoride significantly increased that production by 150 +/- 8.7% in TE-85, but not in either DP-1 or DP-2. These observations suggest that fluoride, if used at low concentrations, could be a useful therapeutic agent where increased regeneration of dentine is desired, such as after pulp amputation, by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of the dental pulp cells.
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PMID:Stimulation by low concentrations of fluoride of the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of human dental pulp cells in vitro. 1007 54

Autosomal dominant osteosclerosis (ADO), a rare inherited craniotubular bone disorder, is a generalized hyperostosis that manifests itself as increased cortical thickening of the skull, mandible, metacarpals, metatarsals, long bones, vertebral bodies, ribs, and clavicles. Jaw abnormalities, which clinically resemble the widening and deepening of the mandible seen in cherubism, begin in childhood and have been reported to stabilize after puberty. Teeth and alveolar bone are normal. ADO must be distinguished from Van Buchem's disease, which is characterized by elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, neurologic complications, exopthalmos, periosteal excrescences, and an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, as well as from other craniotubular bone disorders such as osteopetrosis. We present clinical and radiographic documentation of members of a kindred representing 4 generations affected with ADO. At initial examination of the proband, a differential diagnosis included cherubism, fibrous dysplasia, osteopetrosis, and Paget's disease. Radiographic examination revealed extensive radiopacity of the inferior border and basal bone of the mandible. The proband's clavicles and humerus were also affected. All family members examined were similarly affected and had mandibular and palatal tori. Authors of a previously published report on the dental and dentoalveolar management of patients with craniotubular bone disorders have recommended prophylactic antibiotics to minimize risk of osteomyelitis in all such cases. The members of our kindred received extensive dental treatment before diagnosis, including extractions of severely carious teeth, preprosthetic dentoalveolar surgery, and endodontic therapy; there was no incidence of osteomyelitis or postsurgical complications. Therefore, the use of prophylactic antibiotics may not be warranted in patients with ADO who have otherwise normal medical histories.
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PMID:Autosomal dominant osteosclerosis: report of a kindred. 1034 20

Many pathologic fractures, lumps on the head, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and dental caries are the main characteristics of the rare autosomal dominantly inherited calvarial "doughnut lesions" (MIM 126550). We report the sporadic case of a 16-year-old patient who has had 10 pathologic fractures between age 6 weeks and 15 years. An elevated serum ALP level was found at age 11 and skull lumps at age 15; radiography showed frontal and parietal round radiolucencies surrounded by sclerotic bone comparable to doughnuts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed skull lesions at an early stage. Because the findings are reminiscent of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), collagen types I, III, and V were analyzed in fibroblasts and shown to be normal in terms of quantities, proportions, electrophoretic mobility, and thermostability. Thus, this rare syndrome can be distinguished from OI by collagen analysis and MRI of the skull at an early stage, even before palpable skull lesions appear.
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PMID:Calvarial "doughnut lesions": clinical spectrum of the syndrome, report on a case, and review of the literature. 1124 96

Different methods can be used to detect dental caries. The comparison of the clinical detection by the use of explorer and mirror to the biological detection by the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in 107 men of 19 to 25 years old was performed. Biological detection reveals more active caries(APL activity > 116 Ul/L) than the clinical one. Absence of caries activity is expressed by an ALP activity between 86 and 116 Ul/L. The Chi 2 test shows that alkaline phosphatase is a statistically significant marker of dental caries and more it reveals its carious activity.
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PMID:[Comparison of the clinical detection and the biological detection of dental caries]. 1188 91

The phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in saliva may be related to the susceptibility to dental caries. Thirty children in the age group of 4-6 years were divided into 3 groups. Group 1, children had rampant caries with dfs>10, group 2- dfs>5<10, group 3 caries free with dfs<1. The unstimulated mixed salivary sample was collected from each child and assayed by biochemical methods to determine the phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration in saliva sample. The results showed that higher alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus concentration were associated with rampant caries.
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PMID:Relation of salivary inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase to the dental caries status in children. 1476 11


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