Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three hydroxyribonucleosides catalyzing the oxido-reduction of NADH and K3F3(CN)6 were purified from Torula yeast RNA by a series of steps including sodium dodecyl sulfate/phenol extraction, nuclease P1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion-exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography on an ODS column. Analysis by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy led to identification of the redox ribonucleosides as 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine. Their mass spectra, chromatographic behavior, UV spectra, NMR spectra, and IR spectra were identical to those from natural and synthetic sources. Oxidoreduction activities were specific for K3Fe(CN)6 as the oxidant and NADH as the reductant; and their magnitudes decreased in the order 5-hydroxycytidine, 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine. The fact that these nucleosides have redox activities suggests new functional roles for RNAs as catalysts.
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PMID:Redox ribonucleosides. Isolation and characterization of 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine from Torula yeast RNA. 161 33

Three nucleosides catalyzing the oxidoreduction of NADH and K3Fe(CN)6 were isolated from Torula yeast RNA and also obtained by a series of steps: SDS-phenol extraction, nuclease P1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and HPLC on an ODS column. Their chemical structures were clearly determined as 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine from the results of FAB-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopies.
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PMID:Novel minimum ribozymes with oxidoreduction activity: 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine isolated from Torula yeast RNA. 184 45

A novel RNA component with oxidoreductase activity (diaphorase activity) has been purified from an RNA fraction of Torula yeast. The RNA component was obtained in a 0.05% yield by a series of steps, SDS-phenol extraction, nuclease P1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and HPLC on an ODS-column.
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PMID:Search for novel RNA catalysts. An RNA component with oxidoreductase activity. 210 15

Cells of Cryptococcus neoformans grown on xanthine or urate as the sole sources of nitrogen produced numerous, single membrane-bound organelles, deemed to be microbodies. Electron images of these structures showed positive cytochemical staining for catalase and alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase, known marker enzyme activities for microbodies. Microbodies in xanthine and urate-grown cells were cytochemically reactive for the presence of the hydrogen peroxide-producing xanthine and urate oxidases. Molybdenum and phosphorus (elements associated with the cofactor common to nitrogen scavenging enzymes) were detected in the substrate-induced microbodies by X-ray dispersive microanalysis. The single limiting membrane of the substrate-induced microbody was stained by a modified Gomori reaction for the presence of alkaline phosphatase, thereby suggesting the participation of this enzymic activity in the events associated with microbody chemistry.
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PMID:Electron cytochemical studies of Cryptococcus neoformans grown on uric acid and related sources of nitrogen. 221 35

A nucleoside catalyzing the oxidoreduction of NADH and K3Fe(CN)6 was isolated from Torula yeast RNA and also obtained in 0.05% yield by a series of steps: SDS-phenol extraction, nuclease P1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and HPLC on an ODS column. Its chemical structure was clearly determined at 5-hydroxycytidine, from the results of FAB-MS and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The mass spectra, chromatographic behavior, UV spectra, and NMR spectra of this nucleoside from natural and synthetic sources were identical. This is the first report of an RNA catalyst having catalytic activity except for the cleavage and ligation of phosphodiester bonds of RNA. That an RNA has oxidoreduction activity indicates new possibilities for RNAs as "living molecules". 5-Hydroxycytidine may be a vestige of RNAs that formerly possessed metabolizing ability.
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PMID:A novel minimum ribozyme with oxidoreduction activity. 227 69

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibodies against capsular polysaccharide was developed, based on the enhanced binding of polysaccharide to polystyrene microtitration plates. The wells of the microtitration plate were primed with an adipic acid dihydrazide derivative of bovine serum albumin (AH-BSA) (100 micrograms/mL, 0.01 M NaPO4-0.14 M NaCl, pH 7.2 (PBS]. Capsular polysaccharide, the glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A, was oxidized with NaIO4 for 5 min; the reaction was then quenched with ethylene glycol. The partially oxidized polysaccharide was dialyzed vs. PBS, and its concentration was adjusted to 50 micrograms/mL with PBS. This solution (100 microL/well) was covalently bound to the AH-BSA primed microtitration plates through formation of a Schiff base between the hydrazide group on the AH-BSA and the aldehyde groups on the polysaccharide. Antimouse IgG-alkaline phosphatase conjugate was used in an indirect ELISA to measure captured murine monoclonal antibodies directed against glucuronoxylomannan. Mean absorbances, after 15 min, were 0.13 in negative control wells, and greater than 0.7 in test wells. No intermediate steps were required to block nonspecific binding of antibody.
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PMID:Enhanced binding of capsular polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans to polystyrene microtitration plates for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 306 47

A 15-yr-old girl presented with complaints of right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, signs of protal hypertension, and computed tomographic scan findings suggested a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, cultures of the bile and of the common bile duct specimen obtained during a surgical procedure grew Cryptococcus neoformans. Treatment with amphotericin B was begun. An episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, however, led to the hepatorenal syndrome, and the patient died before antifungal therapy was completed. At autopsy, active sclerosing cholangitis associated with cryptococci involved the common bile duct. We suggest that opportunistic infection of the biliary tree should be considered in pediatric patients with presumed primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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PMID:Cholangitis associated with Cryptococcus neoformans. 397 25

Comparative studies were performed to assess the stability and lot-to-lot variation of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast and mycelial phase lysate antigens. Four lots were prepared from each growth phase of B. dermatitidis strain T-58 (canine isolate) during a 14-month period. Serum specimens from dogs with blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis were assayed for antibody content using an alkaline phosphatase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The four lots of the yeast phase reagents were similar with respect to sensitivity and specificity, and the absorbance readings were approximately four times greater with sera from dogs with blastomycosis than with histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis. Even less cross-reactivity was evidenced when the sera from dogs with cryptococcosis and aspergillosis were assayed. In contrast, the four lots of the mycelial lysate reagents were considerably less reactive and more cross-reactive than the yeast phase antigens and, as above, the four reagents retained their activity after prolonged storage. Therefore the results indicated that the lysate antigens exhibited a great deal of stability and lot-to-lot variations in activity were not observed.
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PMID:Comparative stability, sensitivity and specificity studies with different lots of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast and mycelial lysate antigens. 789 10

We determined the safety and efficacy of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (d-AmB) mixed with Intralipid (IL) as the initial treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis in a phase II, multicentre, non-comparative open study, assessing two dosages of ILd-AmB: 1 mg/kg (group A, n = 9) and 1.5 mg/kg (group B, n = 6). Patients were treated daily for 2 weeks, then three times weekly for 4 weeks. The ILd-AmB dosage was decreased due to toxicity in three patients in each group. Serum creatinine increased significantly on day 14 in group A and on day 7 in group B. Nephrotoxicity, (serum creatinine level > 165 mumol/L) was noted in two and five patients in groups A and B, respectively. Nine adverse haematological events were noted (seven cases of anaemia requiring transfusion, and two cases of neutropenia < 750/mm). Two patients had an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase. In each cohort, 15% of the infusions were associated with fever and/or chills. Successful outcome was obtained in half of the patients. We conclude that, in AIDS patients with cryptococcosis, tolerance to ILd-AmB was acceptable when the daily dosage did not exceed 1 mg/kg, but the higher 1.5 mg/kg daily dosage was associated with an unacceptable rate of nephrotoxicity. Neither of these relatively high daily dosages of ILd-AmB achieved an improved rate of successful outcomes compared with lower daily dosages of conventional d-AmB in glucose.
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PMID:Amphotericin B in a lipid emulsion for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients. 885 63

Cryptococcosis is the commonest fungal infection of the CNS and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunodeficient patients [1]. It has been occasionally described in immunocompetent patients [2]. We report a patient with no predisposing factors who was treated with flucytosine and amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis. Following treatment, she developed a reversible acute cerebellar syndrome that was probably secondary to the administration of flucytosine, an adverse effect that has not previously been described [3, 4]. An 87-year old women with no relevant personal or family history was admitted to the hospital for headache, fever, and confusion over the past week. The vital signs, general and neurological examination were normal. In laboratory tests, the urine, urea nitrogen, glucose, bilirubin, electrolytes, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, haematocrit, white-cell count, and platelet were also normal. A lumbar puncture was performed which showed: 60 typical lymphocytes per ml, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity 6 U.l-1 (normal under 4 U.l-1), proteins 75.7 mg.dl-1, and glucose 13 mg.dl-1 with a glycaemia of 120 mg.dl-1. The microbiology study showed staining and a positive culture for Cryptococcus neoformans, and an antigen titre of 1/2080. The serology for HIV infection was negative, and other predisposing factors for this fungal infection, such as immunological defects, a lymphoreticular malignancy and sarcoidosis were excluded. A CT scan of the cranial-thoracic-abdominal regions was normal and tumour markers were absent.
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PMID:Acute cerebellopathy as a probable toxic effect of flucytosine. 911 68


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