Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1973 30 patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) or pyelonephritis have been treated with sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside, in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg for a period of seven to nine days. From a clinical point of view the result of treatment was good. Complete resolution was achieved in 17 patients, improvement in nine, and there was no effect in four patients. Thirty-five causative organisms (Escherichia coli = 23, Proteus sp. = 7, Klebsiella sp. = 3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa = 1, Citrobacter = 1) were isolated before treatment. Thirty of the organisms were eliminated during treatment, but seven reappeared during the follow-up period; five strains persisted. Side effects observed consisted of reversible increase of serum creatinine in four patients, excretion of granular casts in 14 patients, and a transient rise of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and/or SGPT in five patients. No signs of ototoxicity or any other adverse reactions were found and local tolerance was good. In 20 patients blood samples for assay were obtained daily one hour after i. m. injection of 1.0 mg/kg. No evidence of drug accumulation in the serum was found: the mean serum concentrations one hour after injection remained between 3.4 and 3,9 microgram/ml during the entire treatment period. Sisomicin is a highly effective antibiotic for the treatment of UTI caused by gramnegative pathogens. On account of its potential toxicity however, it should be used, like other aminoglycosides, only in selected cases.
Infection 1978
PMID:[Efficacy, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. 10 44

Seventy-two five-week-old New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups and fed a basal diet containing 0, 125 or 250 ppm supplemental Cu for 4 weeks before each Cu-group was further subdivided into three lots of 8 rabbits each. One subgroup was immunized with Trypanosoma brucei before being infected with the same parasite, another subgroup was infected without immunization while the third subgroup was neither immunized nor infected. Parasitemia slightly depressed growth and efficiency of feed utilization while supplemental Cu at 125 and 250 ppm improved both parameters in rabbits. Immunization conferred slight protection on body weight losses by the infected rabbits while supplemental Cu at 250 ppm alone or in combination with immunization completely obliterated the effects of infection on growth performance. Infection depressed haematocrit, haemoglobin, and serum glucose, while the alkaline phosphatase activity was increased. Supplemental Cu significantly increased both haemoglobin and serum glucose levels. Supplemental Cu reversed the effects of parasite infection on blood constituents. The study indicates that Cu may not only promote growth but will also suppress the effects of parasitemia on performance and serum profile of rabbits infected with trypanosomes.
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PMID:Effect of copper on growth and serum constituents of immunized and non-immunized rabbits infected with Trypanosoma brucei. 53 25

Sixty-two patients with bronchopneumonia or bronchitis were treated with cefaclor. In 42 patients (= 68%), the therapy was clinically successful. Of the patients who did not respond to therapy, cefaclor-resistant bacteria were found in the sputum culture of seven. Of the remaining 13 patients, ten suffered a secondary infection with cefaclor-resistant bacteria, and in three patients the pathogen found before therapy persisted, although sensitive to cefaclor on testing. In seven patients therapy was clinically successful although cefaclor-resistant pathogens were present before the start of therapy. In the entire group of patients investigated no increase of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea or creatinine was observed. In two patients alkaline phosphatase and SGOT increased slightly; in three patients SGPT increased slightly. On the other hand, in several patients initially elevated SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased during therapy. Clinical side-effects were seen in two patients. In one patient with known penicillin allergy a pruritic exanthema developed; in the other patient, who had dermatitis herpetiformis, exacerbation of skin efflorescences occurred.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Therapy of bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in adults with cefaclor (author's transl)]. 55 Oct 88

Thirty patients suffering from bacteriogenic skin diseases were given cefaclor, in most cases simultaneously with classical external dermatological therapy. The results of therapy were satisfactory in 29 of the 30 patients. Only in one relatively severe case of erysipelas did the disease continue to spread despite the daily doses of 3 x 500 mg of oral cefaclor prescribed by the dosage regimen. Side-effects observed consisted of diarrhoea in one patient, and a transient slight increase of SGOT or alkaline phosphatase in another six patients.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Cefaclor in dermatological therapy (author's transl)]. 55 Oct 90

This study was designed to compare the clinical and immunological characteristics of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and HBsAg-negative (cryptogenic) forms of chronic active hepatitis. The data of 48 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 24 with persistent HBs antigenemia and 24 without HBsAg, were analysed. HBsAg was detected by counter-immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. The clinical features, biochemical liver function tests, immunoglobulins, complement C3, antoantibodies, and cell-mediated immunoreactivity of the two forms of the disease were compared. Cirrhosis was found to occur more frequently at the time of diagnosis in the HBsAg-negative group, and the serum alkaline phosphatase level was raised significantly compared to the HBsAg-positive form. The elevation of the IgG level was greater in the cryptogenic form, but the difference was not statistically significant compared to the HBsAg-positive patients. There was a marked difference in the frequency of the mitochondrial antibodies, but not of the antinuclear factor and other autoantibody-like serum factors. Lymphoblastic transformation revealed a similar diminution in response to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation in both groups of patients compared to the normal controls. An increase of the 3H-thymidine incorporation was seen after stimulation with human liver mitochondrial antigen, and leukocyte migration inhibition could be observed with this antigen in both forms of chronic active hepatitis.
Infection 1977
PMID:Chronic active hepatitis in patients with and without hepatitis B surface antigenemia. 91 64

10 patients with anorexia nervosa were compared with controls with normal weight, regarding their peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte reactions. The anorexia patients showed a statistically significant decrease in PMN bactericidal capacity and PMN adherence. The mean chemotaxis did not differ, but in two of the anorexia patients chemotaxis was almost absent. The intracellular activity of alkaline phosphatase was below the reference values in 5 of the 6 patients in whom it was investigated. It is concluded that changes in granulocyte function may be noted in anorexia nervosa, but their clinical significance is uncertain, as no patients had recurrent or severe infectious diseases.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa and polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte reactions. 91 61

A report is given on advances in our knowledge of the ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin in the inner ear, cerebrospinal fluid, compartments of the eye and serum were determined by means of pharmacokinetical investigations. The influence of long-term treatment, and the effects of otitis media and uremia were also studied. Furthermore, the influence of therapeutic methods on ototoxic damage was investigated, and the ototoxicity of these antibiotics was compared. The experiments were performed in guinea pigs, concentrations of the antibiotics being measured by a microbiological method and confirmed by investigations with C14 labeled gentamicin. The hair cell degeneration pattern after administration of the new aminoglycosides was determined using surface preparations. The prophylactic effect upon ototoxicity of the administration of dimercaptopropanol or of dividing up the daily dosage was examined. Studies were made of ototoxicity in children, and in patients with otitis media or renal impairment, and the effect of simultaneous ethacrynic acid or noise was assessed. The problem of delayed and progressive ototoxicity, and the reversibility of ototoxic damage caused by these antibiotics was examined histologically, and the ototoxicity of gentamacin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin was compared. The influence of the new aminoglycoside antibiotics upon the amount of acidic and alkaline phosphatase and unspecific esterases in the inner ear was studied. The clinical importance of the latest experimental findings is emphasised. The clinical picture of ototoxic damage after administration of the new aminoglycoside antibiotics shows no special characteristics. The ototoxicity of these antibiotics after topical use is mentioned. Attention is drawn to guidelines for the prevention of ototoxic damage by aminoglycosides.
Infection 1976
PMID:[Ototoxicity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics (author's transl)]. 101 84

We report on two patients with acute leukemia and prolonged granulocytopenia after cytotoxic therapy in whom the diagnosis hepatosplenic candidiasis was made. Both patients developed upper abdominal discomfort with elevated alkaline phosphatase after resolution of granulocytopenia. The diagnosis was established by demonstration of multiple abscesses in liver and spleen on ultrasound and computed tomography. Both patients were initially treated with amphotericin B i.v., one of them received liposomal amphotericin B (cumulative dose of 2,530 mg and 570 mg, respectively). Thereafter, therapy was continued for months with oral fluconazole. The treatment of hepatosplenic candidiasis was successful, however, the patients died from relapse and progression of leukemia.
Infection
PMID:Hepatosplenic candidiasis, a fatal disease? 129 53

To evaluate the incidence of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) and to define the association between signs and symptoms and development of DMAC in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, all cases of DMAC at Grady Memorial Hospital Infectious Disease Clinic (Atlanta) between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed, and a prospective study of the association of symptoms with DMAC was done. Between 1985 and 1990, DMAC occurred in 16% of patients with AIDS. Incidence increased from 5.7% in 1985-1988 to 23.3% in 1989-1990 (P less than .001). Median time from AIDS diagnosis to diagnosis of DMAC increased from 4.5 months in 1985-1988 to 8 months in 1989-1990 (P less than .02). In the prospective study, DMAC was seen only in persons with a CD4+ count less than 100 cells/mm3 and was associated with fever (P less than .03), anemia (P less than .001), weight loss (P less than .01), diarrhea (P less than .01), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (P less than .01). It is recommended that all such HIV-infected persons have mycobacterial blood cultures done.
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PMID:Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection: clinical identification and epidemiologic trends. 134 60

Paired xenografts of near-term fetal rabbit jejunum were subcutaneously implanted in the backs of athymic nude (nu/nu) mice. At 3 to 4 weeks post-implantation, the grafts had histologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical (lactase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase) parameters comparable to age-matched control rabbits. Four weeks post-transplantation the xenografts were intraluminally inoculated with various strains of lapine attaching and effacing E. coli or group A rotavirus. Infection with 2 strains of E. coli resulted in typical light microscopic and ultrastructural lesions of attachment and effacement. Immunohistochemical analysis of rotavirus-infected xenografts demonstrated rotavirus antigen within enterocytes. These lesions are comparable to those in conventional rabbits. Intestinal xenografts are a novel, highly controlled, and reproducible model which may have unique applications in the study of enteric diseases. The model provides anatomically and biochemically correct intestinal mucosal epithelium uncomplicated by variables such as enteric flora, host immune response, gastric, hepatic, and pancreatic secretions and is susceptible to infection by specific enteropathogens. Xenografts, therefore, may be a viable alternative in certain investigations where whole animals, ligated intestinal loops, organ cultures, or cell cultures might otherwise be chosen.
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PMID:Development, characterization, and utilization of an intestinal xenograft model for infectious disease research. 175 15


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