Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary human osteoblast-enriched (PHO) cultures derived from adult trabecular bone were analyzed to determine the presence or absence of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptors. Saturation binding studies were performed with 125I-TGF-beta in the absence or presence of 200-fold excess cold TGF-beta. Cross-linking experiments utilizing 125-I-TGF-beta were performed to identify specific cell surface binding proteins for TGF-beta. The saturation binding studies demonstrated saturable binding for TGF-beta on PHO cells. TGF-beta was cross-linked to cell surface binding proteins of 50 to 110 KDa and a high molecular weight component. Thus, these receptors appear to be similar in affinity, number per cell, and molecular weight to those previously identified with other cell types. The potential biological effects of TGF-beta on the growth of PHO cultures were evaluated by both 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell number determination. Growth of PHO cells in the presence of TGF-beta resulted in an approximately two-fold stimulation in cell number as compared to control cells while the 3H-thymidine experiments demonstrated a two to four-fold increase in thymidine uptake in the presence of TGF-beta. Radiographic emulsion studies revealed that the alkaline phosphatase positive and negative cell populations were responsive to the TGF-beta mitogenic stimulation. The cumulative findings of saturable binding, specific cell surface binding proteins, and biological effects suggest that functional TGF-beta cell surface receptors are present on primary osteoblast-enriched cultures derived from adult human trabecular bone.
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PMID:Identification and analysis of transforming growth factor beta receptors on primary osteoblast-enriched cultures derived from adult human bone. 131 59

A moderate malignant hyperthermia developed in a Labrador Retriever anaesthetized with isoflurane for a femoral shaft fracture repair. Signs of malignant hyperthermia included progressive increases in PETCO2 and rectal temperature up to 39.8 degrees C, tachycardia, cyanosis, and elevated serum levels of potassium, inorganic phosphorus, AST, CK and alkaline phosphatase. Treatment initiated in the early recovery period consisted of hyperventilation with 100% oxygen, stomach lavage with iced water, body surface cooling, and intravenous administration of cold isotonic saline solution. Cooling was continued until the rectal temperature had dropped to 37.3 degrees C. After treatment the dog recovered uneventfully. Clinical signs, pathophysiology, therapy, prevention of malignant hyperthermia and its association with other disorders are discussed.
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PMID:[Malignant hyperthermia as a complication of anesthesia in the dog]. 144 May 99

Hepatic microsomal activities of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol esterification and cholesterol synthesis, and the concentration sand compartmentalization of esterified and unesterified cholesterol, were studied in carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees C. Irrespective of acclimation temperature, carp-liver ACAT is characterized by an apparent Km-value for oleoyl-CoA of 11-15 microM and displays an optimum activity at pH 7.4. The enzyme activity is reduced approx. 2-fold upon preincubation of microsomes with alkaline phosphatase. Arrhenius plots of ACAT-activity are curvilinear, with curvatures considerably affected by the acclimation temperature of the fish. Carp HMG-CoA reductase has been characterized previously by Teichert and Wodtke ((1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 920, 161-170). When measured at 30 degrees C, ACAT activities from 30 degrees C- and 10 degrees C-acclimated carp are identical (approx. 6 pmol/min per mg protein), whilst 'expressed' HMG-CoA reductase activity (18.1 +/- 12.2 pmol/min per mg protein for 30 degrees C-acclimated carp vs. 159.8 +/- 106.6 pmol/min per mg protein for 10 degrees C-acclimated carp) is enhanced 9-fold in the cold environment. This disparity indicates that cold-acclimation results in a massive increase in the capacity for hepatic cholesterol synthesis relative to hepatic cholesterol esterification. At the same time, hepatic compositional analysis reveals identical contents of unesterified cholesterol in either groups of carp but significantly decreased (3-fold) amounts in cholesterol ester (and also in triacylglycerol, 4-fold) in cold-acclimated carp. Moreover, microsomal fractions display lower cholesterol to phospholipid ratios in the cold. In contrast, concentrations of either cholesterol fractions (and of triacylglycerols) in plasma--the mobile compartment for lipoprotein transport--do not differ in cold- and warm-acclimated carp. Based on current concepts of cholesterol metabolism, it is concluded that the cold-enhanced expression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity is a homeostatic response directed against and compensating for a cold-induced but not yet characterized deficiency in hepatic cholesterol availability.
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PMID:Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in carp-liver microsomes: effect of cold acclimation on enzyme activities and on hepatic and plasma lipid composition. 145 Feb 16

The present study examined the distribution of the high molecular weight (HMW) tau protein isoform in the nervous system by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Some of the biochemical properties of this 110 kDa tau protein were explored, including its heat stability, phosphorylation and partitioning with cold/Ca2+ stable vs. soluble microtubules. Qualitative western blot analysis revealed that HMW tau is preferentially expressed in neurons with peripherally projecting axons. For example, this isotype was present in sciatic nerve, ventral and dorsal roots, trigeminal nerve, vagus nerve, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord, but was present in only trace amounts in CNS regions. Another tau isoform of slightly smaller size (90-100 kDa), termed mid-molecular weight (MMW) tau, was present in abundant quantity in optic nerve samples and detectable in several other CNS regions, including hippocampus and cerebellum. The 110 kDa HMW tau as well as MMW tau and the other tau isoforms were found to be heat stable proteins. The HMW and MMW tau isoforms preferentially partitioned with the cold and Ca+2 insoluble tubulin fraction, but the association of HMW tau with stable microtubules was very susceptible to proteolysis. Dephosphorylation of fresh tissue with alkaline phosphatase produced no apparent shift in the mobility of HMW tau on SDS-PAGE but did alter the mobility of other brain tau isoforms, including MMW tau. Immunocytochemical staining with tau-1 antibody in the DRG, which contains HMW tau but no other tau isotypes, showed localization to mainly small neurons and was not altered by dephosphorylation of the histological sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Regional distribution and biochemical characteristics of high molecular weight tau in the nervous system. 145 89

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) in the serum of 60 healthy dromedary camels of either sex and different ages (one to 25 years) were determined. The results were analysed with respect to time of year (December-January and May-June), sex and age groups (below four years; four to 10 years; and over 10 years). The overall mean activities of AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, LDH and ICD were 36.1 +/- 0.35, 4.65 +/- 0.35, 27.21 +/- 0.43, 7.18 +/- 0.21, 479.0 +/- 7.33 and 7.74 +/- 0.17 iu litre-1, respectively. Activities of AST, ALT, ALP and ACP were significantly higher during extremely hot conditions (May-June) than in extreme cold (December-January) while the activity of LDH was higher in extremely cold conditions. Analysis of data based on sex revealed that AST, ALT and ALP activities in the serum of male animals were significantly higher than in female animals. The activities of all the enzymes were highest in animals under four years and then gradually decreased with age being lowest in the animals over 10 years.
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PMID:Activity of some enzymes in the serum of dromedary camels. 166 69

The study evaluates a novel version of the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay for in vitro proliferative responses, which works with finger-prick blood specimens. It was developed primarily for field-work involving children in Africa and elsewhere. Heparinized blood specimens from healthy volunteers were diluted 1:15 and cultured with purified protein derivative, tetanus toxoid, concanavalin A or medium alone for four-seven days and pulsed during the last 24 hours with bromodeoxyuridine. Thereafter, white and red cells were separated by Ficoll-Pacque centrifugation. The white cells were made to adhere to Multitest slides pre-treated with poly-L-lysin. After fixation with paraformaldehyde, the cells were incubated with mouse monoclonal antibodies to a surface marker for activated T cells (CD25, interleukin-2 receptor) and the reaction visualized with anti-mouse alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies and a Fast Red substrate. After treatment with cold acetone, the cells were covered with formamide and heated to 70 degrees C, without loss of surface staining. The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine was visualized in the UV-microscope with mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibodies and a rabbit anti-mouse fluorescein conjugate. Both the surface staining and the nuclear fluorescence can be seen in UV-light and the cells be classified as single- or double-positive or negative. Parallel experiments on the same blood-sample from seven donors allowed for at least 42 paired comparisons between the proportion of BrdU positive cells and thymidine incorporation stimulation indices. The latter assay was carried out both in the conventional version and in a whole-blood micro-version. The rank order correlations were 0.84 and 0.91 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Whole-blood microassay for immunodetection of antigen specific cell mediated immunity using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. 166 23

Temporary occlusion of hepatic inflow is a useful maneuver to reduce hemorrhage from liver trauma and difficult hepatic resections. The liver can be protected with a hepatic protective solution before inflow occlusion, just as the stopped heart is protected by a cardioplegic solution during open heart surgery. Twenty dogs were divided into two groups. The portal inflow of group A was infused via the mesenteric venous branch with a hepatic protective solution composed of 250 mg of hydrocortisone, 15 mEq of KC1, 6 mL of 0.1 N HC1, 5 mL of 10% magnesium sulfate and 250 mg of dextrose in one liter of cold lactated Ringer's solution. Group B was infused with cold lactated Ringer's solution as a control. The hepatic artery and portal vein were isolated and then clamped for 30 minutes. The elevation of serum GOT and GPT after release of the clamps was significantly greater in group B, especially during the first 48 hours. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were also higher in group B until the 7th day. The results liver biopsies 3 hours after release of the clamps revealed marked congestion and destruction of hepatocytes in group B. We conclude that liver perfusion with a hepatic protective solution before inflow occlusion results in less damage to liver tissue and less impairment of liver function. Such protection is important in liver surgery.
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PMID:Protection of liver ischemia due to inflow occlusion using prior perfusion with hepatic protective solution in dogs. 168 52

Using 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase)-alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) double staining, lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries were distinguished histochemically on cold glycol methacrylate (JB-4) sections of monkey intestines, on the basis of both enzyme characteristics. The specificity of the 5'-Nase reaction was obtained by inhibiting nonspecific ALPase in the 5'-Nase incubation medium including L-tetramisole. This double staining method demonstrated satisfactory isolated visualization of 5'-Nase activity in lymphatic capillaries and of ALPase activity in blood capillaries under light microscopy. The intensity and localization of 5'-Nase activity on the walls of lymphatic capillaries were also determined by the lead-based method under transmission electron microscopy. The intense reaction products of 5'-Nase activity were predominantly deposited on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the lymphatic endothelial cells.
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PMID:Enzyme-histochemical method for identification of lymphatic capillaries. 172 71

The fine distribution of the intramural lymphatics at the ileocecal junction of the monkey intestine, especially in the lamina propria of the ileocecal valve, was examined by light and electron microscopy using enzyme-histochemical staining. The distinction between the lymphatics and the blood vessels was made by light microscopy on cold glycol methacrylate resin (JB-4) sections using 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase)-alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) double staining. The lymphatics were found to show strong 5'-Nase activity and to comprise irregularly shaped vessels or spaces. The central lymphatic vessels (central lacteals) in low villi were seen to lie deep within the ALPase-positive subepithelial capillary network. In the ileum side of the ileocecal junction, the 5'-Nase-positive lymphatics were seen both in the superficial layer and the deep layer of the lamina propria. On the contrary, in the cecum side the mucosal lymphatics were less numerous in the superficial layer and were distributed mainly in the deep layer near the lamina muscularis mucosae. These lymphatics ran through the lamina muscularis and merged into the lymphatic network in the submucosa. The submucosal lymphatics communicated with each other at the ileocecal junction and formed a well-developed network. Collecting lymphatics with valves were also seen near the tunica muscularis (sphincter muscle) in the deep submucosa. These lymphatics traversed the muscle layer and drained into the subserosal lymphatics.
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PMID:Enzyme-histochemical study on the fine distribution of the intramural lymphatics at the ileocecal junction of the monkey intestine. 180 44

Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels increase after acute cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were parallel changes in pituitary proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA. Male rats were exposed to cold (3-5 degrees C) or a novel environment for 15 or 30 min. Others were unstressed. POMC mRNAs in frozen sections or dissociated cells were hybridized with a photobiotinylated oligonucleotide probe which was detected in situ by streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase. The percentage of area labeled for POMC mRNA was quantified by the Cue-3 color image analysis system. In frozen sections, 24-fold increases in the percentage of area labeled for POMC mRNA were evident in intermediate lobes (IL) 30 min after stress. No change was seen in anterior lobes (AL). If the ALs were dissociated, a 66-99% increase in percentage of labeled cells was detected 2-3 hr after the cold exposure. Fifteen min of cold stress (CS) also caused a 117% increase in the area of label for POMC mRNA per corticotrope. No change was seen after 30 min. Exposure to a novel environment caused a 73% increase in the percentage of area labeled for POMC mRNA per AL corticotrope and an 11-fold increase in the IL. These results indicate that both AL corticotropes and IL melanotropes are stimulated by acute exposure to cold and novel environments.
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PMID:Changes in rat pituitary POMC mRNA after exposure to cold or a novel environment, detected by in situ hybridization. 185 78


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