Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations for the proof of isoenzymes of the alkaline phosphatase and the alpha-amylase in stool were carried out. The measurements of the faecal enzyme activities were performed in 96 patients with intestinal diseases. The disc electrophoresis in the polyacrylamide gel served for the separation of isoenzymes. The separated enzyme bands of the extracts of stool were compared with those ones of serum duodenal juice and extracts of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, the jujunum, the ileum as well as of the colon. Hereby up to 4 very much anodically wandering bands were present, which might be subunits or fission products of the alkaline phosphatase. In the alpha-amylase up to 5 bands could be proved, which were compared with those ones of the serum, the duodenal juice and the urine. A coordination of these isoenzymes concerning their origin is not possible. The faecal activities of enzymes correlate with the weights of stool. In exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and ulcerous colitis increased faecal activities of enzymes are found, the genesis of which is discussed.
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PMID:[Determination of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase and alpha-amylase in feces]. 30 28

The clinical and laboratory findings of 37 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were reviewed. Mean age was 43.8 years, sex ratio between males and females was 3:1; IBD was present in 91% of patients with 51% having ulcerative colitis, 23% unclassified colitis and 17% Crohn's disease. Twenty-seven patients (73%) were symptomatic presenting most commonly with fatigue, pruritus and hepato-splenomegaly. Cholangiography revealed abnormalities affecting both extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary ductal systems in 51.8% of cases, and only the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary tree, respectively in 11.1% and in 37% of cases. The last prevalence was very high compared with that previously known. Clinical and biochemical data, when compared between asymptomatics and symptomatics, demonstrated a significant difference only for alkaline phosphatase which increased in the symptomatic group and for prothrombin activity which decreased among symptomatic patients. Nevertheless, predictive value of sALP for the presence of PSC was high when pts were pooled together with a randomly selected group of 36 non-affected persons that underwent ERCP for suspected primary sclerosing cholangitis: sensitivity was 94% and specificity 78%.
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PMID:Primary sclerosing cholangitis: an analysis of 37 retrospective cases. 148 78

A retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory findings from 51 adult horses with chronic diarrhoea revealed that the most common conditions were larval cyathostomiasis (14 cases), idiopathic chronic colitis (nine cases) and alimentary lymphoma (five cases). Five animals had diarrhoea as a result of non-alimentary disease. A diagnosis was reached in 37 cases, but only 15 were made ante mortem. Among the 18 animals (35 per cent) which survived, there were five cases of larval cyathostomiasis, one case of colonic impaction and 12 cases were undiagnosed. The most frequent abnormalities detected in blood samples from the horses were neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and high alkaline phosphatase activity. Evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption was found in 16 of 28 cases in which oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. No diagnostic specificity was apparent in either the clinical signs or the laboratory findings.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhoea in adult horses: a review of 51 referred cases. 156 33

We informed four cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with chronic ulcerative colitis, diagnosed in the Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Especialidades del CM Siglo XXI Mexico City, during 1987 to 1988. The mean age was 30.2 years and the evolution of colitis was 6.6 years. Two patients were females and two males, all presented active colitis and three presented hepatic symptoms. The laboratory abnormalities were hypertransaminasemia, increased alkaline phosphatase and hyperbilirubinemia. In three patients endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was done, in all cases diagnosis was established by histology. The frequency of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with chronic ulcerative colitis was 13.3%.
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PMID:[Primary sclerosing cholangitis. A report of 4 cases]. 194 18

All patients greater than or equal to 16 years old with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were identified in five well-defined catchment areas, representing 12.7% of the Swedish population. Exactly 1500 patients were retrieved, giving a point prevalence of 170/10(5) inhabitants. It was possible to obtain liver function test results less than 2 years old in 94% of the patients and to obtain endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic results in 65 of the 72 patients with abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase values. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed in 55 of the patients (3.7%). The prevalence of the disease was 5.5% in patients with substantial colitis and 0.5% in patients with distal colitis. There was a marked male predominance in cholangitis patients compared with colitis patients without cholangitis. Ninety-five percent of the patients with cholangitis had substantial colitis, which was more than the 62% of patients without cholangitis who had colitis. Female patients with cholangitis were older than male patients at the time of diagnosis of both cholangitis and colitis, which contrasted to the equal age at diagnosis of colitis in male and female patients without cholangitis.
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PMID:Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis. 201 75

Serum levels of zinc, copper, and selenium, and alkaline phosphatase activity were prospectively studied in 29 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Fifteen patients had extensive active colitis (active colitis group). Seven patients had active, and seven cases inactive small bowel or ileocecal Crohn's disease (small bowel disease group). Ninety-three healthy subjects acted as controls. Serum trace element levels were considered in relation to vitamin A and E levels, nutritional parameters, the activity of the disease, and the recent intake of steroids. The effect of total enteral nutrition on serum trace elements was studied in seven cases. Serum zinc levels were lower and serum copper levels higher in the active colitis group than in controls (p = 0.0007, and p = 0.02, respectively). More than 50% of patients with active colonic or small bowel disease showed zinc levels below the 15th percentile of the control group. Serum zinc levels correlated with plasma vitamin A in acute colitis (r = 0.67; p = 0.006), and with both serum albumin concentration (r = 0.76; p = 0.002) and disease activity score (r = -0.67, p = 0.009) in patients with small bowel disease. The copper:zinc ratio was higher in the active colitis group than in controls (p = 0.002). In spite of the increase in serum albumin levels and the decrease in disease activity, serum zinc levels remained low after total enteral nutrition. The implications of the abnormal trace element status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are discussed.
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PMID:Serum zinc, copper, and selenium levels in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of total enteral nutrition on trace element status. 212 4

The medical records of 222 patients with liver abscess at Siriraj Hospital from 1978 to 1985 were analysed. Amoebic abscess was three times more prevalent than pyogenic abscess. In both groups middle aged males were affected more often than others. The main clinical manifestations were fever, right upper quadrant pain and hepatomegaly. History of colitis in the past, marked leukocytosis, elevation of alkaline phosphatase and a single abscess confined to the right lobe were suggestive of amoebic liver abscess. The presence of concurrent abdominal infection, marked anemia and jaundice were associated with pyogenic abscess. Patients with pyogenic abscess developed complications more often and the case fatality rate was greater than patients with amoebic abscess. Most of the patients were successfully treated with a combination of antimicrobials and drainage.
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PMID:Liver abscess: a clinical study of 222 patients. 221 15

The pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile enterocolitis appears to involve colonization of the bowel followed by release of toxin A, an enterotoxin, and toxin B, a cytotoxin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of purified toxins A and B on intestinal secretion, epithelial permeability, and morphology in perfused rabbit ileal loops. Intestinal permeability after toxin exposure was assessed by blood-to-lumen clearance of [3H]mannitol. Toxin A at doses of 5-100 micrograms/10 cm ileal loop caused a threefold to fivefold increase in [3H]mannitol permeability (p less than 0.001) vs. equal concentrations of toxin B or buffer control. In addition, perfusate from toxin A-exposed loops contained significantly more neutrophils (p less than 0.001) than toxin B or control loops. Toxin A caused severe epithelial cell necrosis with destruction of villi and polymorphonuclear infiltration. Electron microscopy of mucosa subjected to a low dose of toxin revealed widespread nonspecific dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial swelling. In contrast to these effects of toxin A in ileal loops, in vitro experiments with ileal explants in short-term organ culture revealed that toxin A had no effect on epithelial cell permeability, protein synthesis, release of alkaline phosphatase, or morphology. Our results show that purified toxin A but not toxin B causes severe inflammatory enteritis in rabbit ileal loops, but has no discernable effect on rabbit ileum in vitro. We speculate that toxin A may contribute significantly to intestinal damage in C. difficile-associated colitis and diarrhea.
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PMID:Differential effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B on rabbit ileum. 359 62

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and serum alkaline phosphatase persistently raised to more than twice the normal level were investigated to assess the frequency of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in the Gastro-intestinal Clinic from 1975 to 1981. Twelve patients had a persistently raised alkaline phosphatase level of hepatic origin, 9 out of 250 with ulcerative colitis and 3 out of 164 with Crohn's disease. PSC was demonstrated in 8(3%) of the patients with ulcerative colitis, and carcinoma of the pancreas in the remaining 1. Three of the patients with PSC also had gallstones. The colitis antedated the biliary symptoms and signs in all but 1 patient. There was no correlation between the duration, extent and activity of the colitis and the development and outcome of the liver involvement. Investigations in the 3 patients with Crohn's disease revealed the presence of PSC in 2 (1,2%) and chronic active hepatitis in the 3rd. Of the 2 with PSC, one had cholelithiasis and has had recurrent episodes of cholangitis. The other has had only mild symptoms.
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PMID:Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in Cape Town, 1975 - 1981. 682 39

Several indices of calcium metabolism have been studied in 39 subjects living with a permanent ileostomy after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, and in a control group of 39 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex. No significant differences were found in plasma levels of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D nor in the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate, but the alkaline phosphatase was raised in the ileostomists. The bone density of the ileostomists was rather low, but the difference from the control subjects was not statistically significant. The absorption of calcium was measured by means of a total body counter. The ileostomists retained significantly more calcium than expected. It is suggested that this may represent the correction of a state of calcium deficiency at the time of proctocolectomy, due to the effects of the colitis and its medical treatment with corticosteroids.
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PMID:Calcium metabolism in subjects living with a permanent ileostomy. 685 94


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