Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early differentiation of gallstone from nongallstone associated acute pancreatitis by imaging methods is often difficult. Timing of surgery in gallstone pancreatitis is controversial, but early surgery requires early demonstration of gallstones. This study assesses the value of easily available clinical and laboratory data in establishing gallstones as the etiology of pancreatitis. In 405 consecutive episodes of acute pancreatitis, data were collected prospectively on 14 clinical and laboratory variables. Gallstones caused 177 episodes and alcohol 135, 93 were due to other or unknown causes. Age, sex, and within 48 hours of admission, serum alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, amylase, and bilirubin were all significantly different (all p less than 0.001, chi square) in gallstone and alcohol groups. Multivariate analysis based on five of these variables enabled correct prediction of the presence or absence of gallstones in 50 of a further 56 episodes. This method may help in planning early interventional treatment of gallstone associated acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:The early identification of patients with gallstone associated pancreatitis using clinical and biochemical factors only. 619 78

Biochemical tests (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, and serum amylase) were performed upon admission in 84 patients with suspected (36) or proven (48) acute pancreatitis at the time of the first episode of acute abdominal pain suspected clinically as acute pancreatitis. These parameters all increased significantly more in patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Among them, the SGPT was the most discriminant test between biliary and nonbiliary pancreatitis. The positive predictive value of SGPT was 92%, when the cutoff point was chosen at twice the upper limit of normal. In patients with increased SGPT, a SGOT-SGPT ratio less than 1 is the rule (88%) for those with gallstone pancreatitis. This enzymatic determination allowed us to select more accurately the patients suitable for morphological procedures to confirm the biliary origin of the pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Early detection of biliary pancreatitis. 619 68

The role of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in postreceptional glucose handling in non-insulin dependent diabetics ( NIDDs ) was in investigated by comparing the enzyme values in diagnostic liver biopsy samples with fasting blood glucose (BG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and plasma antipyrine half-life (T/2). The NIDDs , treated with sulphonylureas, had elevated serum aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase values associated with fatty liver with or without fibrosis. G6Pase activity was reduced in the NIDDs compared with subjects who had undergone gallstone surgery (p less than 0.001), insulin dependent diabetics (p less than 0.001), and age- and sex-matched non-diabetics (p less than 0.001). G6Pase was inversely related to BG and antipyrine T/2, but not to IRI or conventional liver function tests. Therapy with phenobarbital and medroxyprogesterone acetate, known inducers, increased G6Pase activity, shortened antipyrine T/2, reduced BG and did not alter IRI, in four NIDDs . Low liver G6Pase activity in NIDDs may hence be one factor underlying the impaired glycemic control.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity in non-insulin dependent diabetics. Effect of enzyme-inducing drugs. 632 98

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 17 selected patients who underwent hepatobiliary imaging studies using technetium Tc 99m iprofenin that demonstrated acute complete common bile duct obstruction, and who also had a temporally related ultrasonographic study of the hepatobiliary tree. We compared the accuracy of the two methods in the detection of common duct obstruction. The average duration of symptoms was 2.9 days. Serum bilirubin levels averaged 3.3 mg/dL and the average alkaline phosphatase level was 336 mg/dL. The serum amylase level was elevated in only three patients. Ultrasonographic dilatation of the ductal structures was present in seven (41%) of 17 patients; 88% of the patients had other manifestations of gallbladder disease on ultrasonography--either cholelithiasis, dilatation of the gallbladder, or wall thickening. Of 15 patients who were operated on, 11 had stones impacted at the ampulla of Vater. There was a poor correlation of ultrasonographic ductal dilatation and operative findings of ductal dilatation. This study shows the superiority of nuclear imaging over ultrasonography in the early detection of acute, common bile duct obstruction.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of ultrasound and hepatobiliary imaging in the early detection of acute total common bile duct obstruction. 638 28

A retrospective study of 22 patients with cancer of the pancreas seen in a medical department was carried out. The mean age was 61.7 years, although the youngest was only 32 years. Weight loss, pain and jaundice were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Hepatomegaly and jaundice were the most common physical findings. The gall bladder was palpable in 27.3%. Serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and ESR were raised in most cases. Ultrasound examination was done in 72.7% of cases and was diagnostic in 62.5% with 12.5% falsely negative. Five patients had CT scan of the abdomen, of which 4 were diagnostic. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram was positive in all the 8 patients where it was carried out. The cancer was of the pancreatic head in 72.7%. Gallstones were present in 22.7%. Secondary tumour involvement of the liver was present in 40.9%. Laparotomy was performed in 11 patients of which only 2 had a curative procedure (Whipple's operation). The overall prognosis was very poor: 54.5% died during the same admission.
 ...
PMID:Cancer of the pancreas--a clinical study of 22 patients. 667 37

The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase was determined in 101 patients with acute and chronic exacerbated cholecystitis, complicated and non-complicated cholelithiasis. Enhanced enzyme activity was established in the inflammatory diseases of the gallbladder and biliary ducts, that was normalized with the effective treatment. No essential alterations were established in case of non-complicated cholelithiasis.
 ...
PMID:[Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in acute, chronic and exacerbated cholecystitis complicated and uncomplicated by cholelithiasis]. 673 Apr 58

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and serum alkaline phosphatase persistently raised to more than twice the normal level were investigated to assess the frequency of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in the Gastro-intestinal Clinic from 1975 to 1981. Twelve patients had a persistently raised alkaline phosphatase level of hepatic origin, 9 out of 250 with ulcerative colitis and 3 out of 164 with Crohn's disease. PSC was demonstrated in 8(3%) of the patients with ulcerative colitis, and carcinoma of the pancreas in the remaining 1. Three of the patients with PSC also had gallstones. The colitis antedated the biliary symptoms and signs in all but 1 patient. There was no correlation between the duration, extent and activity of the colitis and the development and outcome of the liver involvement. Investigations in the 3 patients with Crohn's disease revealed the presence of PSC in 2 (1,2%) and chronic active hepatitis in the 3rd. Of the 2 with PSC, one had cholelithiasis and has had recurrent episodes of cholangitis. The other has had only mild symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in Cape Town, 1975 - 1981. 682 39

Twenty-seven patients were seen and followed at our Sickle Cell Center over a period of seven years. Their clinical, hematological, and biochemical features were determined and compared to those of patients with sickle cell anemia who were concurrently investigated. The data indicate that the mild anemia of hemoglobin (Hb) SC disease is slightly microcytic and hyperchromatic. Parameters of hemolysis and the complications of chronic hemolytic anemia (cholelithiasis, leg ulcers, hepatomegaly, and cardiomegaly) are milder in Hb SC disease than in sickle cell anemia. Asplenia and its sequelae (increased platelet count and reduced serum IgM levels) are less frequent in Hb SC disease. Cerebrovascular accidents and the decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores are similar in both diseases. Thromboembolic complications, retinopathy, and renal papillary necrosis are more frequent in Hb SC disease.
 ...
PMID:Clinical, hematological, and biochemical features of Hb SC disease. 713 65

The isoenzyme characteristics of alkaline phosphatase in human bile obtained from patients with gallstones have been determined by means of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, both before and after preincubation with neuraminidase, and also by means of inhibition tests with heat, urea, and L-phenylalanine. Bile alkaline phosphatase is shown to be partly secreted by the liver cell, but partly derived from the small intestine. The presence of small-intestinal alkaline phosphatase in bile implies an enterohepatic circulation of this high molecular weight glycoprotein. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to the mechanism whereby large protein molecules may pass across the plasma membrane of the liver cell.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in bile: evidence for an enterohepatic circulation. 726 27

To ascertain the best diagnostic indicators of choledocholithiasis and to decrease the incidence of retained stones in the common bile duct after exploration, the authors carried out a retrospective review of 110 consecutive patients who underwent common bile duct exploration for calculous biliary tract disease. Conditions that were most often associated with choledocholithiasis were cholangitis and clinically obvious jaundice. The serum bilirubin level was helpful in identifying patients with stones in the common bile duct only when the value was greater than 6 mg/dl (103 mumol/l), and alkaline phosphatase only when the value was more than 250 IU (normal 110 IU). When stones are felt in the duct at operation, the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis is certain; positive operative cholangiograms are highly reliable and the coexistence of small gallstones and a dilated cystic duct is suggestive. The retention of stones is best prevented by careful exploration followed by high-quality T-tube cholangiography performed at operation after the exploration is complete. Any missed stones found in this way should be removed by re-exploration at the time of the original operation. Stones left in the common bile duct are best extracted nonoperatively under radiologic control. This technique, while effective and safe, is associated with considerable morbidity.
 ...
PMID:Common bile duct exploration: indications and results. 728 6


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>