Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma concentrations of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were measured during 122 attacks of acute pancreatitis in 114 patients, on the day of admission to hospital and 2 days after admission. Concentrations in 74 attacks associated with gallstones were compared with concentrations in 31 attacks in which no stones were found. 24 attacks were severe by clinical criteria. On the day of admission plasma GOT concentrations of more than 60 IU/l were found in 88% of attacks associated with gallstones, but in no attacks without gallstones. Plasma concentrations of more than 25 mumol/l bilirubin and more than 14 King-Armstrong units AP were found in 62% and 66% respectively, of attacks associated with gallstones, and 5% and 10%, respectively, of attacks without stones. In attacks associated with gallstones plasma concentrations of GOT and bilirubin usually fell over the first 48 h of admission. No correlation was observed between these biochemical values and the severity of the attack. In the absence of a history of excessive alcohol consumption, increases in plasma GOT on the day of admission to hospital suggest that gallstones are responsible for the pancreatitis.
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PMID:Biochemical prediction of gallstones early in an attack of acute pancreatitis. 8 54

Using the simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase could be separated 5 isozyme bands in various digestive diseases, consisting of 54 cases of gastric cancer, 11 of colonic cancer, 12 of hepatoma, 4 of cholangioma, 14 of pancreatic cancer, 81 of benign hepatobilliary diseases, 13 of cancers of other organs and 61 of control. The obtained results were as follows: 1) The electrophoretic analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase showed the specific band remaining at the origin, already reported as "alkaline phosphatase O", in primary and metastatic cancer of the liver and cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cancerous metastasis to the liver, and it was also inclined to be positive with the progress of liver metastasis among them. 2) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was usually found in higher frequency in blood group B and O than in the others, and it was apt to disappear in gastric or colonic cancer with an exacerbation of its cancerous lesions. 3) Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 10% of gastric or colonic cancer, all of which were histologically proved to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-Pase) isozyme in gastric and colonic cancer (using a simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 21 41

A pattern of results is reported which was found to be common among patients who had intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) which was rarely found in patients with other hepatic conditions. The pattern was recognized from over 1000 cases suspected of hepatobiliary disease. 29 were diagnosed with IHC, and excluding 4, 25 revealed the following etiological pattern: chlorpromazine (12 patients); pregnancy and oral contraceptive use (8); and other (5). As opposed to patients with acute and chronic hepatic disease, IHC sufferers had relatively normal values for immunoglobulins and antibody titers. A disproportionate elevation of serum bilirubin vis-a-vis serum enzymatic activities separated potential IHC cases into intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis. The following factorial evaluations were useful in distinguishing hepatic disease states: 1) when the sum of the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, aspartate and alanine amiotransferases, and isocitrate dehydrogenase was divided by the serum bilirubin concentration, there was good resolution of the distinction between patients with IHC and those with primary biliary cirrhosis, early and late viral hepatitis, cholelithiasis, and pancreatic and bile duct cancers. 2) Resolution was also achieved when the numerator included alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, and aspartate aminotransferase, but not when alkaline phosphatase alone, or alkaline phosphatase combined with 5'-nucleotidase, was used. The essential lesion in IHC is an excretory defect.
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PMID:Biochemical features of intrahepatic cholestasis. 45 73

In a group of 16 patients, receiving chenic acid (20 mg/kg/day) and phenobarbital (60 mg/day) for gallstone dissolution, three patients were observed to develop a marked increase in serum levels of SGOT-SGPT and alkaline phosphatase without associated symptoms. Liver biopsy in one patient showed cellular infiltration with neutrophils and eosinophils, suggestive of a hypersensitivity reaction. Enzyme levels returned to normal, following cessation of chenotherapy, and a second biopsy 3 months later was normal. In that patient a challenge with chenic acid, at 250 mg/day, was again followed by a marked elevation in levels of SGOT-SGPT and alkaline phosphatase. These patients are the first to show marked elevation in liver enzyme levels during chenotherapy; the mechanism and significance are unclear.
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PMID:Marked increase in serum levels of liver enzymes in patients receiving chenic acid and phenobarbital for gallstone dissolution. 95 79

Comparison of a group of patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis with a group with gallstone pancreatitis has established the serum amylase level on admission as one of the most useful laboratory tests in aiding to differentiate the two entities. A serum amylase level greater than 1,500 IU was most often due to gallstone pancreatitis, as was elevation of the serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels.
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PMID:Diagnostic considerations in acute alcoholic and gallstone pancreatitis. 96 8

On routine hospital admission, 23,714 patients received a 28-test serum metabolic profile. The 33 most common diseases (4,132 patients) of liver, pancreas, and gallbladder (LPG) had unique chemical templates averaging 15 significant serum deviations. Each LPG disease differed from all others by elevations of both leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels. LAP level was low or normal and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and AP levels were elevated in 43 non-LPG diseases. Patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis had elevated amylase levels. The four nonmalignant diseases of the gallbladder were associated with normal levels of amylase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH); except for silent cholelithiasis, each showed elevated total bilirubin (BIL) levels. Patients with solitary or scattered lesions of the liver had normal bilirubin levels (2,115 patients), and those with diffuse interstitial or parencymal disease had elevated BIL levels. Cancer patients had elevated LDH and alpha1 globulin (A1G) levels, but low albumin levels. The importance of comprehensive liver profiles in the treatment of psychoses is emphasized by significant liver damage in a number of these patients. A1G was normal and LDH was elevated in patients having mononucleosis, hepatitis, lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, and alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Serum chemistry templates of disease in liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. 116 26

Bile and serum were analysed in 45 cases of cholelithiasis and 25 control subjects for cholesterol, phospholipids, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and LCAT activity. Serum phospholipids were found to be elevated in sixty percent of cases, whereas phospholipids in bile were found to be decreased. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase were normal. Serum and bile LCAT activity was found to be significantly depressed.
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PMID:Biochemical assessment of cholelithiasis. 130 23

The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as method of choice for gall stone treatment reopened the question whether to continue with routine intraoperative cholangiography or to switch over to a selective indication. In order to set an accurate indication for selective intraoperative cholangiography it was our goal to develop a tool for preoperative identification of patients with a high risk of common bile duct stones. A preoperative score, indicating the risk of common bile duct stones, was designed. A history of jaundice, elevated levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase (serum), ALAT (GPT) or ASAT (GOT), a common bile duct wider than 10 mm or containing concrements and multiple gallstones smaller than 10 mm were valued as risk indicators, whereas normal wide bile duct, large or solitary gallstones were valued as decreasing the risk of common bile duct stones. The retrospective screening of 289 consecutive conventional cholecystectomies (1986-1990) for these risk indicators demonstrated a good correlation of the risk score with the occurrence of common bile duct stones. A prospective application of the score, with improved ultrasound examination and routine preoperative intravenous cholangiography, mandatory for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our institution, will define the high risk group definitely and allow an accurate selective use of intraoperative cholangiography.
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PMID:[Is routine intra-operative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy truly unnecessary?]. 138 97

The sera from 144 patients (27 males and 117 females) with documented gallstones were assayed for eight different biochemical quantities, in order to study the pattern of specific biochemical changes in the blood of such patients and to establish any aetiologic relationship with gallstones. These quantities included: fasting glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, fasting total cholesterol, and fasting triacylglycerol. The same analysis was performed on sera obtained from 50 (9 males and 41 females) age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The statistical analysis showed that female patients had significantly higher values for fasting plasma glucose; alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin; and significantly lower values for bilirubin and total cholesterol than female controls. No overall differences in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and triacylglycerol were observed between the two female groups. Male patients on the other hand showed significantly higher values for fasting glucose and alkaline phosphatase than male controls. All other quantities, however, were not significantly different between the two male groups. When chemical analysis of the gallstones was performed, no consistent relationship was observed between the level of any of the above mentioned quantities and the chemical subtype of the gallstone (for both male and female patients). These data suggest that no specific serum biochemical pattern characterizes gallstone disease, and that there is no relationship between the stone type and the serum level of the studied quantities.
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PMID:The pattern of serum biochemical abnormalities in patients with gallstones. 157 35

In patients with pancreatitis an increase of the total amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) and the appearance of its macro isoenzyme which parallels the decrease of bone isoenzyme was found. This isoenzymatic profile suggests that the increase of ALP in pancreatitis is due to the concomitant hepatobiliary disorder. Moderate increases of ALP didn't appear to be related to the existence of gallstones.
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PMID:[Isoenzyme profile of alkaline phosphatase in patients with pancreatitis]. 159 67


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