Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase was determined in 101 patients with acute and chronic exacerbated cholecystitis, complicated and non-complicated cholelithiasis. Enhanced enzyme activity was established in the inflammatory diseases of the gallbladder and biliary ducts, that was normalized with the effective treatment. No essential alterations were established in case of non-complicated cholelithiasis.
...
PMID:[Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in acute, chronic and exacerbated cholecystitis complicated and uncomplicated by cholelithiasis]. 673 Apr 58

Post-traumatic acalculous cholecystitis is a potentially lethal complication that may develop in patients during hospitalization for trauma. Three case reports illustrate that obscuration of many early diagnostic symptoms and signs may make this complication particularly treacherous in the neurosurgical patient. Suspicion should be aroused by unexplained fever, leukocytosis, elevated serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase values, and developing intolerance to oral or tube feedings. There may be a rapid progression to signs of an acute abdominal condition. Symptoms are most likely to occur 1 week to 1 month after the episode of trauma. Patients of all ages are susceptible. Diagnosis is best confirmed by noninvasive iminodiacetic acid hepatobiliary scanning accompanied by ultrasound or abdominal computed tomographic scanning. The treatment of choice is emergency cholecystectomy. The cause is most likely multifactorial and is probably related to hypotension, sepsis, or biliary stasis with subsequent cystic duct obstruction. Although this disease is rare, its incidence is apparently increasing, and a high index of suspicion is warranted in the neurosurgeon involved in the care of the biliary tract disorder.
...
PMID:Post-traumatic acalculous cholecystitis on a neurosurgical service. 682 28

The biochemical values of 76 patients with suspected cholecystitis were subjected to discriminant analysis. The final diagnoses, i.e. acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis and non-biliary disease, were used as the grouping variable. Cholescintigraphy identified patients with acute cholecystitis. Routine preoperative biochemical tests were found to be of limited value. Only alkaline phosphatase was of help in predicting common-duct stones, especially in patients with acute cholecystitis. The conclusion is that many biochemical tests presently in common use could as well be dispensed with.
...
PMID:Cholescintigraphy and biochemical tests in cholecystitis--an evaluation with discriminant analysis. 768 51

The safety of AmBisome was evaluated in 187 transplant recipients treated for 197 episodes. Patients included 89 bone marrow transplant recipients, 64 liver transplant recipients, 20 renal transplant recipients and 14 recipients of combined organs. AmBisome was instituted for verified invasive fungal infection in 34 cases, suspected invasive fungal infections in 80 cases and as prophylaxis in 83 cases. AmBisome was given for a median of 11 days (range 1-112 days) with a maximum daily dose of 1.49 +/- 0.70 mg/kg/day (mean +/- SD). The total cumulative dose of AmBisome was 1.11 +/- 1.78 g (mean +/- SD). Side-effects definitely attributed to AmBisome therapy included low potassium (n = 3), low back pain (n = 3), dyspnoea (n = 2), allergic rash (n = 1), nausea and vomiting (n = 1), confusion (n = 1), rise in alkaline phosphatase (n = 1) and cholecystitis (n = 1) with an overall incidence of 13 of 197 (7%). AmBisome was discontinued due to side-effects in 6 (3%) of the cases. During AmBisome treatment the mean cyclosporin dose was 9.6 +/- 28.8 mg/kg/day. Compared to pre- and post-AmBisome therapy there was a significantly increased cyclosporin concentration in blood during AmBisome therapy. Side-effects with possible association to AmBisome therapy included low serum potassium (36%), increase in serum creatinine (31%), rise in alkaline phosphatases (26%) and fever (3%). The overall mean increase in serum creatinine was 20%. Other possible side-effects like headache, abdominal pain, rash, rise in bilirubin, cramps and pancreatitis was seen in single patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Safety of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in 187 transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin. 770 25

Functional abnormalities of the liver uncovered during preoperative routine evaluation were analyzed in 109 donor candidates for 100 cases of living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) performed during the period from June, 1990 to May, 1994 at the Second Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital. High serum transaminase (GOT, GPT) levels were noted in 10 (9.2%) cases among 109 candidates, high alkaline phosphatase in 4 (3.7%), hyperbilirubinemia in 3 (2.8%), anemia in 3 and high choline esterase in 3 cases. Positive hepatitis C antibody (HCV) was also noted in 1 case. Fatty liver was detected in 10 (9.2%) cases, cholecystitis in 2 cases, 1 case each of cyst and calcification in the liver by diagnostic imaging (ultra sonograph and/or computed tomography). These abnormalities of the liver necessitated replacing the initial candidate with the other parent in 9 cases, including 1 case without any functional abnormality whose graft liver was too large to fit the recipient abdominal cavity. There were 14 cases of ABO blood type incompatible combination. Switching the initial candidate due to these abnormalities mentioned above resulted in incompatible combinations in 4 of these 14 cases. Although the advantages of the LRLT are the superior viability of the donor graft and the genetic histocompatibility between recipient and donor, to optimize the advantage of LRLT, all donor candidates should be strongly advised to make every effort preoperatively to improve their physical condition in preparation for the LRLT protocol, since many of these abnormalities are typically reversible.
...
PMID:Analysis of functional abnormalities uncovered during preoperative evaluation of donor candidates for living-related liver transplantation. 774 84

Hepatobiliary dysfunction in patients receiving nutrition support is frequent. Other reasons for elevated enzyme levels including drugs, recent anesthesia and surgery or sepsis often coexist. Liver test abnormalities in adults are usually milder than in children and frequently self-limited and are 10 times more likely to occur with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) than tube enteral nutrition. Patients on short-term TPN usually have mild-to-moderate elevations in transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels and steatosis or portal triaditis on biopsy. Patients who are infected while on TPN are at greater risk of developing steatosis and intrahepatic cholestasis. Strategies to correct abnormalities include alteration of the caloric mix in the TPN, cyclic infusions, metronidazole, enteral nutrition and inclusion of L-glutamine in the TPN formula. Patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition may develop persistent elevations in liver tests and steatohepatitis. Both acalculus and calculus cholecystitis occur with increased frequency in patients on long-term TPN. Biliary sludge precedes calcium bilirubinate stones: predisclosing factors include nil per os, prior ileal resection and use of narcotics or anticholinergics.
...
PMID:Hepatobiliary complications in adults receiving nutrition support. 785 Sep 98

Acalculous cholecystitis, a recognized manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), causes abdominal pain which can be relieved by cholecystectomy. The indications for cholecystectomy have remained undefined, however, because the cholecystitis is usually accompanied by generalized cholangitis and it is difficult to distinguish the relative clinical importance of the two problems. Since 1985, we have performed cholecystectomy on 8 patients with AIDS who had clinical manifestations of acute cholecystitis associated with a thickening of the gallbladder wall by 5 mm to 12 mm. Two of the 8 had gallstones and 4 had associated cholangitis. All had been treated with antibiotics for 20 to 180 days before surgery, but physical deterioration had progressed in every case. At the moment of surgical intervention, 4 patients had multiple organ failure. One patient died 3 days postoperatively, but the rest recovered rapidly with resolution of the abdominal pain and sepsis. Two patients died 20 days after surgery due to complications of AIDS. The remaining 5 died due to AIDS at 6, 9, 10, 12, and 14 months after surgery. Two of this group developed progressive cholangitis with raised serum alkaline phosphatase. Our experience indicates that cholecystectomy should be considered for the treatment of severe and persistent symptoms of hepatobiliary manifestations of AIDS notwithstanding the presence of cholangitis.
...
PMID:Cholecystectomy for cholecystitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 808 61

The toxicity of atorvastatin (AT), an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG), was evaluated in beagle dogs. In 4 studies [2-wk rising dose (daily increasing doses for 1 wk; maintenance for 1 wk), 12-wk rising dose (daily dosing with weekly increases in dose), 2-wk toxicity (daily dosing for 2 wk; 3 dose levels), 13-wk toxicity (daily dosing for 13 wk; 3 dose levels)], dogs received up to 400 mg/kg orally. Doses of 180 mg/kg induced moribundity, necessitating euthanasia. Weight losses up to 26% were seen at doses > or = 150 mg/kg. Decreases in cholesterol levels were dose-related. Alanine and/or aspartate aminotransferase were increased at doses > or = 80 mg/kg; alkaline phosphatase was increased at doses > or = 150 mg/kg. Histopathologic findings were seen at > or = 150 mg/kg and included hepatocellular eosinophilia related to increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cholangiohepatitis and cholecystitis at 150 mg/kg in the 2-wk toxicity study; hepatocellular degeneration, centrilobular bridging, cholecystitis, hemorrhage in gallbladder and brain, demyelination of optic nerve, and skeletal muscle necrosis at > or = 280 mg/kg in the 12-wk rising dose study; and erosion and hemorrhage in large intestine, hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, and inflammation and necrosis of gallbladder epithelium at 320 mg/kg in the 2-wk rising dose study. Doses up to 80 mg/kg for 13 wk did not induce histopathologic lesions in examined organs. AT effectively lowered serum cholesterol in normal lipidemic dogs. Toxicity at AT in dogs was similar to that with other inhibitors of HMG except that lenticular changes were not seen, significant hepatic, testicular, or neurological toxicity was associated only with high doses at AT, and skeletal muscle changes similar to those described in rats and rabbits were identified.
...
PMID:Subchronic toxicity of atorvastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, in beagle dogs. 886 88

Eleven patients (4 males, 7 females) with Wilson's disease who presented before 18 years of age are described. The mean age onset of symptoms was 11.2 +/- 3.9 (SD) years. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.3 +/- 3.4 (SD) years. All patients had hepatic manifestations of the disease when diagnosed: cirrhosis (6 patients), chronic hepatitis (2) and fulminant hepatic failure (3). Three patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Two of the symptomatic patients presented with new undescribed manifestations: one with blurred vision and the other with acalculous cholecystitis. At diagnosis, 6 patients had Kayser Fleischer rings and 5 had hemolytic anemia. The three patients with fulminant hepatic failure had hemolysis with relatively low serum aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, possibly helpful findings for rapid diagnosis of Wilson's disease in such presentation. Ten patients were treated with penicillamine. Liver transplantation was performed in 4 patients, 2 of which presented with fulminant hepatic failure. One patient died while waiting for liver transplantation, the remainder of the patients live free of symptoms. It is important to be aware of the different manifestations of Wilson's disease in the pediatric population, in order to make appropriate evaluations in a timely manner to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
...
PMID:Pediatric Wilson's disease: presentation and management. 915 61

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), the procedure of choice for elective cholelithiasis, is now also used in the management of acute cholecystitis. In the various types of gallbladder disease, favorable and unfavorable conditions may influence the conversion and complication rates. Information about these conditions may help elucidate the optimal circumstances for LC or indicate when the procedure is best avoided. We attempted to perform emergency LC on 215 patients with acute cholecystitis. The procedure was successful in 171 patients (79.5%), and conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) was needed in 44 (20.5%). Complications occurred in 37 patients (17%). Uncomplicated acute cholecystitis was associated with age <50 years, duration of complaint <48 h, temperature <38.5 degrees C, a nonpalpable gallbladder, and an alkaline phosphatase >100 U/L. Acute gangrenous cholecystitis was associated with a negative gallbladder history, other associated diseases, temperature >38.5 degrees C, a palpable gallbladder, and serum bilirubin levels <1 mg/dl. Hydrops was associated with a temperature <38 degrees C and a leukocyte count of >12,000/cc3, and empyema of the gallbladder was associated with duration of complaint >48 h and a palpable gallbladder. The conversion rate of acute gangrenous cholecystitis (40%) was significantly higher than that of uncomplicated acute cholecystitis (8%) (p < 0.00001, odds ratio=7.7), as well as that of empyema of the gallbladder (12.5%) (p=0.005, odds ratio=4.7). The conversion from LC to OC in uncomplicated acute cholecystitis was associated with male sex and with duration of complaint >24 h, and in gangrenous cholecystitis with age >60 years, a nonpalpable gallbladder, and a leukocyte count of >15,000/cc3. The complication rates of acute cholecystitis, hydrops, empyema of the gallbladder, and gangrenous cholecystitis were 16%, 7%, 22%, and 21%, respectively (p = NS). The total complication rate in acute cholecystitis tended to be associated with a duration of complaint >48 h and in gangrenous cholecystitis with male sex, age >60 years, other associated disease, larger bile stones, and elevated serum bilirubin levels. Generally, LC is safe in all forms of cholecystitis, with acceptably low conversion and complication rates, excluding gangrenous cholecystitis. In gangrenous cholecystitis, a conversion rate of approximately 40% is expected. Predictors of conversion and complications may be particularly helpful in planning the laparoscopic approach to acute gangrenous cholecystitis. Patients >60 years of age, with a nonpalpable gallbladder and with a leukocyte count >15,000/cc3, frequently need conversion. In men >60 years old, with other associated disease, with larger bile stones, and with elevated serum bilirubin levels, complications are frequently expected. Under these conditions, laparoscopic approach should be undertaken by especially experienced teams, or OC should be considered.
...
PMID:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the various types of gallbladder inflammation: a prospective trial. 964 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>

---