Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The C41 cell line, which was derived from a human squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix, has been characterized by analysis of quinacrine-banded metaphase chromosomes and study of alkaline phosphatase. C41 cells have a distinctive karyotype. They are hypodiploid, with a highly characteristic series of marker chromosomes, most of them derived by translocation or deletion. They contain no HeLa cell marker chromosomes, and the cell line shows no evidence of HeLa cell contamination. Nevertheless, the C41 and the HeLa cell line, both derived from cervix cancer, although of a different histological type, produce similar alkaline phosphatases. The enzyme is heat stable (placental type), is inhibited by L-phenylalanine, and responds to the inducing effects of prednisolone and/or hyperosmolality.
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PMID:Chromosome analysis and alkaline phosphatase of C41, a cell line of human cervical origin distinct from HeLa. 56 Feb 51

A combined diagnostic system for human papilloma virus (HPV) infections comprising the Papanicolaou test and in-situ hybridization assay was evaluated. Cervical smears from 259 women obtained with a "Cytobrush" were screened. Human papilloma virus genotypes 6/11, 16/18, 31/35/51 were detected by biotin in-situ hybridization in conjunction with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase detection complex. The diagnostic sensitivity of this assay was tested by human papilloma virus-DNA-positive human cervical carcinoma cell lines. According to the cytological (Bethesda system) and colposcopical criteria a random control group (n = 80) and prevention (n = 179) were chosen. Compared with Papanicolaou tests the frequency of human papilloma virus-DNA-positive cervices rose with the severity of cell abnormalities. The detection rate of human papilloma viruses-16/18 and human papilloma viruses-31/35/51 and of concomitant infections with human papilloma viruses-6/11 and human papilloma viruses-16/18 and/or human papilloma viruses-31/35/51 increased with the severity of cell dysplasia, whereas the rate of human papilloma virus-6/11 DNAs decreased. The incidence of oncogenic human papilloma virus types 16/18 and 31/35/51 rose with the age of the patients. A follow-up study by Papanicolaou tests of patients with mild (slight) and moderate dysplasias six months after human papilloma virus-DNA-hybridization indicates that human papilloma virus-16/18 DNA-positive lesions are more likely to persist or to progress than human papilloma virus-6/11 DNA-positive cell changes. Human papilloma virus-31/35/51 DNA-positive cell smears exhibited persistent behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that the Papanicolaou test combined with in-situ hybridization is suitable for early diagnosis and prevention of intraepithelial neoplasias and carcinomas of the uterine cervix.
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PMID:Papanicolaou test and enzyme-linked in-situ hybridization. A combined diagnostic system for papilloma virus infections with high prognostic value. 164 54

In the present study the immunohistology of the cellular stromal reaction of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is investigated. Tumor tissue from 10 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (stages Ib-IIb, according to FIGO) was immunostained by the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. The monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, TO15, Ki-M1, and Ki-M6 were applied. The cells in the stroma and the tumor foci were evaluated separately. In all cases, the overwhelming majority of lymphoreticular cells were found in the stroma and the tumor-cell complexes contained relatively low numbers of these cells. While B-lymphocytes were present only in low numbers or were virtually absent from the lymphoreticular infiltrates, cells of the mononuclear-phagocyte system were found to be another prominent constituent of the tumor's cellular stromal reaction.
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PMID:Lymphoreticular cells in invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix: an immunohistological study. 167 75

The objective of this study is to culture the epithelia of the transformation zone of the uterine cervix for long term and evaluate their biological characteristics, such as morphology, growth behavior, alkaline phosphatase activity and heterotransplantability. The epithelia of transformation zone of 15 cases of myoma uteri were cut into 1 x 1 x 1 mm fragments and placed directly on the cover glass. The explants were cultured at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 and 95% air. In vitro outgrowth of squamous cells (squamous cell outgrowth pattern) was observed in 44, that of columnar cells (columnar cell outgrowth pattern) was observed 49, a mixture of squamous and columnar cell outgrowth patterns was 52 out of 198 explants of transformation zone. The squamous cells were polygonal in shape and showed a pavement-like cell arrangement. The glandular cells grew in whorled fashion. Along the margins of the outgrowth of glandular cells, two types of cells were seen after 2 weeks of culture. One type contained secretory vacuoles of glandular cell, and the other type contained a large number of tonofilaments of squamous metaplastic cells. These phenomena suggested that biological characteristics of the cells in vivo can well be retained in vitro for a relative long term (about 6 weeks).
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PMID:[Tissue repair of uterine cervix--cell-biological properties of normal uterine cervical epithelia of transformation zone in vitro]. 172 25

A few studies using DNA technology have suggested that human papillomavirus (HPV) may be an aetiological factor for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Twenty one cases of cervical adenocarcinoma were studied by in situ hybridisation using biotinylated DNA probes for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 and a streptavidin, biotinylated alkaline phosphatase detection system. Intranuclear HPV DNA was detected in none of the adenocarcinomas, while positive controls gave a clear intranuclear signal. Adjacent areas of normal, koilocytic, and dysplastic squamous epithelium also gave positive results. It may be that squamous epithelium contaminates adenocarcinomas reported as positive by Southern blotting. Our results showing absence of detectable HPV DNA within adenocarcinomas suggest that HPV infection may not have a major role in the aetiology of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.
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PMID:Absence of human papilloma virus in cervical adenocarcinoma determined by in situ hybridisation. 131 58

Several findings suggest an etiologic relationship between genital tract squamous cell carcinoma and certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Detection of these HPV types in cervical lesions considered as preneoplastic states (ie, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN) is extremely important but difficult because the morphology of these states is highly heterogeneous and clinical course is rarely predictable. In situ hybridization (ISH) is the only technique allowing correlation between HPV type and tissue or cell morphology. In this report, 110 biopsy specimens from uterine cervix lesions were studied: 66 CIN, 10 invasive carcinoma, 28 metaplasia, and six condyloma acuminata. A new ISH technique based on direct modification of DNA probes by sulfonation was used. The hybridized DNA was revealed first by a specific monoclonal antibody against sulfonated DNA, and then by an alkaline phosphatase system. In order to determine the sensitivity level of this method, 14 biopsy specimens were also submitted to Southern blot hybridization. Five probes were used separately (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33) for each biopsy specimen. Results of ISH were correlated with morphologic criteria such as number of koilocytes and mitoses. Oncogenic HPV was found exclusively in CIN. The number of labeled cells varied with CIN grade. These data suggest that, whatever the grade, CIN represents a unique preneoplastic process, and that HPV replication depends on the squamous maturation of the pathologic epithelium.
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PMID:Detection of five different human papillomavirus types in cervical lesions by in situ hybridization. A study of 110 cases using sulfonated probes. 216 37

The cell of origin of uterine cervical cancer was studied by using culture, enzyme histochemistry and heterotransplantation. Twenty-seven epidermoid carcinomas (8 large cell keratinizing squamous, 12 large cell nonkeratinizing squamous and 7 small cell nonkeratinizing squamous) and 2 adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix were placed in culture. An outgrowth of carcinoma cells in vitro was observed in 22 of 29 cases: 6 keratinizing, 8 large cell nonkeratinizing and 6 small cell nonkeratinizing carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas. The squamous carcinomas showed a squamous-cell outgrowth pattern, except for one large cell nonkeratinizing and three small cell nonkeratinizing carcinomas that showed a glandular-cell outgrowth pattern. One of three keratinizing carcinomas was transplantable into the subcutis of BALB/c nude mice, producing keratinizing tumors; three of six large cell and one of three small cell nonkeratinizing carcinomas reproduced themselves, while the other two small cell carcinomas produced poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas in mice. The transplanted adenocarcinoma produced a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma resembling the original tumor. Small cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas contained a heat-stable, L-phenylalanine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that many uterine cervical cancers originate from the reserve cell.
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PMID:Cell biologic properties in explant culture and heterotransplantation of malignant uterine cervical cells. 342 54

In the five kinds of human cultured cells derived from ovarian adenocarcinoma (HOC-21), ovarian malignant teratoma (HOTC 3), carcinoma of the uterine endometrium (HEC-1B), squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SKG-1) and choriocarcinoma (BeWo), the intracellular presence of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and plasminogen activator were investigated. The results were as follows. 1) BeWo-, HOC-21-and HOTC 3-cells revealed high activity of intracellular presence of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and plasminogen activator were investigated. The results were as follows. 1) BeWo-, HOC-21-and HOTC 3-cells revealed high activity of intracellular LDH in this order, however none of HEC-1B-and SKG-1-cells did. 2) The activity of intracellular AlP was higher in BeWo-cells than in HOC-21-cells. The isozymes of AlP detected in these cells were found to be heat-stable. The others revealed no activity of AlP. 3) The presence of HCG-beta was confirmed in both BeWo- and HOTC 3-cells. The intracellular levels of HCG-beta were found to be higher in BeWo- cells than in HOTC 3-cells. HCG-beta was observed to leak into culture medium not from HOTC 3-cells but from BeWo-cells. It was not detected in the other cultured cells. 4) No AFP was detected in any of these five cultured cells. 5) Plasminogen activator was detected in HOC-21, HEC-1B-and SKG-1-cells in contrast to HOTC 3-and BeWo-cells which were negative for plasminogen activator. These results suggest that the various marker substances detected in the human cultured cells originated from various carcinomas of sexual organs may reflect biological functions of these tumor cells and, furthermore, can apply as tumor markers to the clinical diagnosis of the diseases.
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PMID:[Studies on marker substances in cell lines derived from various human gynecologic tumors (author's transl)]. 617 49

We report a histochemical study of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in normal cells of the female reproductive system, in pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix and in endometrial cancer to ascertain the incidence of ALP and its isoenzyme type. For this purpose, serial sections were subjected to heat stability and L-phenylalanine (LP) inhibition tests. The Regan-like isoenzyme, a heat-stable and LP-sensitive ALP, which has been thought to derive only from cancer or the placenta, was found in uterine cervical reserve cells and endometrial luminal surface lining cells. In contrast, ALP activity in endometrial glandular cells was found to be heat and LP sensitive. Of 183 cases of cervical neoplasia, 60 (33%) manifested non-specific ALP activity. One dysplasia and two invasive cancer cases manifested the Regan-like isoenzyme. The other 36 classifiable lesions had small-intestine ALP-like activity (marked heat and LP sensitivity) or a liver ALP-like isoenzyme (marked heat and slight LP sensitivity). Of 42 cases of endometrial cancer, all cases manifested non-specific ALP activity. Seven endometrial cancers exhibited the Regan-like isoenzyme. The other 19 cases manifested either small intestine or liver ALP-like isoenzyme. Our findings indicate that in the course of uterine carinogenesis, the ALP isoenzyme of reserve cell and endometrial glandular cells undergo a change and that enzyme deviation occurs.
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PMID:Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in uterine cancer, with special reference to its histochemical heat-stability and the L-phenylalanine inhibition test. 733 83

The important components of mucopolysaccharides and collagen have been analyzed in tissues of control and carcinoma of uterine cervix. Among these components hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate levels were found to be increased, whereas decreased level of collagen was observed in uterine cervical carcinoma. Serum cathepsin B, D and acid and alkaline phosphatases have also been analyzed in controls and carcinoma patients before and after treatments. The activities of these enzymes have been found to increase prominently in advanced stages. Among these enzymes cathepsin B and alkaline phosphatase have exhibited remarkable increase in activity in uterine cervical carcinoma. Different modes of treatment exerted reversion of the elevated activities of these enzymes. However, combined therapy type II (radiation combined with cisplatin and cyclophosphomide) seems to be more effective in reverting the activities of these enzymes to normal levels.
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PMID:Extracellular matrix components and proteolytic enzymes in uterine cervical carcinoma. 779 43


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