Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a multi-system disease involving the cerebellum, cutaneous blood vessels and the immune system including both cellular and humoral components. It also involves hematological, endocrine and peripheral nervous systems. This disease is often associated with abnormal liver function tests, such as, raised alkaline phosphatase and various nonspecific histological changes in the liver. High incidence of various malignancies involving lymphoreticular, gastrointestinal and mesenchymal organs have reported in ataxia-telangiectasia. Elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein have been noted commonly in this disorder. In spite of the hepatic histological and biochemical changes associated with elevated alpha fetoprotein, to our knowledge, development of hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. A case of a young white female with AT who developed hepatocellular carcinoma along with significantly elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein is presented.
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PMID:Ataxia-telangiectasia and hepatocellular carcinoma. 9 92

Fifteen patients with widespread painful osseous metastases from breast cancer unresponsive to other systemic therapy were treated with mithramycin at dose levels usually used for treating Paget's disease. Ten patients had relief of pain, which was marked and rapid in onset in seven. Mobility was greatly improved in four patients. Healing of bone lesions did not occur and new lesions developed while treatment was being given. Clinical response was associated with a decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase. Toxicity was mild and consisted of nausea in most patients and a slight decrease in platelet count in one patient. Mithramycin is a useful agent for palliation of painful bone metastases and should be considered for further trials of combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer with bone metastases.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Effect of mithramycin on widespread painful bone metastases in cancer of the breast. 9 11

Nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity was identified in human normal and diseased breasts with the use of the calcium-cobalt, the lead-nitrate, and the azo-dye methods. The results varied not only with the staining method, but also with the functional status of the breast structures. In normal, dysplastic, and fibroadenomatous tissues there was a strong parallelism between myoepithelial and capillary enzyme activities. The calcium-cobalt method was the only technique which allowed staining of carcinoma cells; cancer stromal enzyme activity was evidenced only with the use of the same method. Our findings suggest that nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity probably reflects a functional status of the labelled structures; the enzyme activity of myoepithelial cells is variable and not really specific.
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PMID:Nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity in normal and diseased human breast. 11 21

The physiocochemical and immunological properties of alkaline phosphatase extracted from Hodgkin's nodes, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma nodes and leukemic leukocytes have been studied. The alkaline phosphatase from these three tumor types possesses the same biophysical and biochemical properties and immunological determinants as the placental alkaline phosphatase. However, it is more heat-labile than the placental isoenzyme. Immunological experiments indicate that, of these tumor types, Hodgkin's tumor contains the largest amounts of heat-labile Regan type of alkaline phosphatase.
Int J Cancer 1979 Oct 15
PMID:Occurrence of heat-labile Regan type of alkaline phosphatase in hematopoietic tumors. 11 39

104 patients with various cancer, excluding malignant lymphoma and leukemia, underwent bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi needle, regular type. In 100 patients an adequate pice of bone marrow was obtained. In 24 patients metastases were detected in the bone marrow. Metastases were found in 10 of 38 (26.3%) patients with breast cancer, in 5 of 17 (29.4%) patients with lung cancer, in 5 of 10 (50%) patients with cancer of the prostate, in 1 patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 with chordoma and in 2 of 14 patients who underwent biopsy in search of unknown cancer. 71% of the patients with positive findings in the bone marrow had clinical signs of bone involvement, 80% had positive X-ray film and 78.9% had positive skeletal isotope survey. Hemogram, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level and sedimentation rate were of no value in predicting whether the marrow was involved or not. No complications were documented following biopsy. The use of the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle for staging and early detection of metastases in a select group cancer patients is suggested.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsy in patients with malignant neoplasms other than lymphomas or leukemia. 11 9

Rats were given a single dose of aflatoxin B1 lethal to 50% of the animals (7.20 mg/kg). Their livers were examined histochemically in correlation with sequential histological lesions. Early periportal liver cell necrosis and marked biliary cell proliferation were observed. Periportal cytoplasmic glycogen and RNA depletion occurred during this early period and subsequently extended to the whole lobule. The enzymes investigated decreased or disappeared in the periportal area; but alkaline phosphatase increased strikingly in the centrolobular area, whereas canalicular adenosinetriphosphatase completely disappeared throughout the liver lobule. The histochemical changes reverted to normal after cessation of the necrosis. Histochemical techniques were more sensitive in detecting the vulnerability of the periportal parenchyma to aflatoxin. After the necrosis, regenerative foci appeared. They showed a variable content in glycogen and RNA and were characteristically enzyme deficient. This reflects the immaturity of regenerating hepatocytes. These early foci subsequently disappeared and are thus considered irrelevant to hepatomagenesis.
Cancer Res 1975 Oct
PMID:Sequential histological and histochemical study of the rat liver after single-dose aflatoxin B1 intoxication. 12 26

Development of tumours of the urinarY bladder was studied in 59 Male and female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats with combined enzyme-histochemical and autoradiographic methods after oral application of n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) and n-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT). as the first carcinogenic lesion detectable by light-microscopy a focal, sharply defined irreversible loss of alkaline phosphatase activity was consistently demonstrated in the urothelium, which appeared normal histologically and cytologically. In about 2/3 of the cases, NADH-diaphorase activity was markedly reduced in identical regions. The enzyme-deficient areas are to be considered as preneoplastic, because papillomas and carcinomas developed from them through different stages of hyperplasia. As a rule, these also were characterized by total loss of alkaline phosphatase activity and attenuation of the NADH-diaphorase in all parts or circumscribed areas. Autoradiographically 3H-thymidine-labelling index revealed a 43.2-fold (BBN) and 22.6-fold (FANFT) increase, respectively, in the enzyme-deficient areas, as compared with the surrounding emzyme-containing urothelium. After 54 hrs of continous labelling, there was a mean 3H-thymidine-labelling index of 54.9% in the enzyme-negative regions. The physiological mode of regeneration was no longer maintained in the areas of enzyme deficiency as there was an increased proliferation of suprabasal cells. Areas of papillomas that showed a marked attention of NADH-diaphorase had a 3H-thymidine-labelling index 4.5 (BBN) and 3.1 (FANFT) greater than the surrounding areas with preserved enzyme activity. Since loss of alkaline phosphatase activity occurs regulary and consistently after application of carcinogens with chemically different structures it appears to indicate the initial phase of tumor development in the urinary bladder of the rat.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1975 Oct 27
PMID:Focal loss of alkaline phosphatase and increase of proliferation in preneoplastic areas of the rat urothelium after administration of n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine and n-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide. 12 42

Following the formation of hyperplastic nodules at a late stage of azo dye hepatocarcinogenesis, some areas of parenchyma show an intense RNA staining, and such hyperbasophilic foci apparently develop hepatomas. Radioautographic analyses with [3H]thymidine labeling indicate the foci to be areas of continued cell proliferation, and the hepatocytes are morphologically distinguishable from the surrounding tissue. The increase of basophilia occurs simultaneously with histochemically demonstrable decreases in bound cations and concomitant increases in pyroantimonate-precipitable free cations. Thus, the phenomenon of hyperbasophilia and the ensuing alteration of cell cycle appears to be associated with changes in intracellular homeostasis. Ultrahistochemical localizations of adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase suggest topographic alterations of membrane enzyme activities in the foci and the persistence of altered patterns during tumor progression. The developmental feature of surface adenosine triphosphatase activity has been further studied with subcultures of epithelial cells, which were derived from normal and precancerous livers. The enzyme activity of nontumorigenic cells is minimal, while a considerably high activity is detectable in situ at the outer surface of plasma membranes of tumorigenic cells. A Ca2+- Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase is identified at the cell surface, and the ectoenzyme would be a useful marker for detection of malignant liver epithelial cells.
Cancer Res 1976 Jul
PMID:Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on hyperbasophilic foci with special reference to the demonstration of cell surface alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis. 13 71

In 90 patients with known extra-hepatic malignancy the liver was examined for metastases. The diagnostic value of clinical information, blood examinations, 99mTc scintiscan, and laparoscopy for the diagnosis of the liver metastases was evaluated. Clinical data (age, sex, time since onset of symptoms and localisation of primary tumor) are of no diagnostic value. The most reliable blood tests are alkaline phosphatase (AP) and GOT. The probability of liver metastastases rises with increasingly abnormal values of AP and GOT. However, the probability is not much greater in cases with highly abnormal values than in cases with only moderate elevation of AP and GOT. Diagnostic accuracy of AP is optimal by using a cutoff point of 76 U/l (sensitivity 79%, specificity 64%). Bilirubin, prothrombin time, haemoglobin and blood sedimentation rate are of very little value. Combinations of AP with these blood tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, it is not useful to determine more blood tests than AP alone. Informed reading of liver scans has a specificity of 75% and a sensitivity of 91%. Blind reading of scans has a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 95%. This diagnostic accuracy cannot be improved by additional blood tests. Laparscopy has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95%. Scanning and laparoscopy are complementary methods. When optimal diagnostic accuracy is required both methods should be used.
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PMID:[Liver metastases: diagnostic value of blood tests, scintiscanning, and laparoscopy (author's transl)]. 13 43

A retrospective study of the practice of an orthopedic surgeon at a university teaching hospital was done to evaluate the significance of low back pain in older adults. All 259 patients in a 3-year period 50 years of age and over whose presenting complaint was low back pain or sciatica or both were identified and classified by final diagnosis. A comparison was similarly identified and classified. Systemic disease, particularly cancer, was much more prevalent in the older group. It was demonstrated that a simple screening routine consisting of measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and calcium would identify all cases of unsuspected malignant disease--that is, at least one of the values would be abnormal in every case.
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PMID:The significance of low back pain in older adults. 13 93


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