Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An antigenic substance reactive with autoantibodies found in patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases was isolated from calf thymus. The purification procedure included extraction of the tissues with acetone powder, batch and column chromatography on DEAE-resins, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and affinity chromatography on antibody-Sepharose 4B. Indirect immunofluorescence examination of cultured human embryo cells, using the serum of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, showed a speckled nuclear pattern. The antigenic factor was a soluble acidic protein with a pI of 5.0 and a molecular weight of 250,000. The antigenic activities of this purified substance from calf thymus, and of the material on the cultured human embryo cells, were destroyed by proteases, ribonuclease, and alkaline phosphatase. The determinants were also sensitive to periodate oxidation. Thermal stability to 60 degree C and pH stability between 2.6 and 8.5 were demonstrated. Cross-reactivity of the antigenic substance with antibodies isolated from individuals with cancer and autoimmune diseases was shown by immunofluorescence, with appropriate blocking and absorption controls.
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PMID:Isolation of "speckled" nuclear antigen reactive with autoantibodies in patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases. 5 88

Four different immunological methods for the determination of the placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (Regan isoenzyme) were compared in 64 normal blood donors, 23 healthy laboratory and medical staff workers and 68 pregnant women: a. Inhibition by soluble antibodies to the placental enzyme. b. Precipitation with soluble antibodies. c. Precipitation with immobilized antibodies. d. Measurement of the activity of the placental alkaline phosphatase following binding to an immunoabsorbent that has been obtained by polymerization of anti-placental-alkaline phosphatase gamma-globulin using glutaraldehyde. The immunoabsorbent method yielded the best results. The optimal conditions were evaluated for the measurement of the activity of immunoabsorbent-fixed placental (tumoral) alkaline phosphatase activity. This method was applied to 209 normal blood donors and to 239 patients with different malignant tumors: 25.5 percent of the cancer patients exhibited an elevated Regan -isoenzyme activity in the serum.
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PMID:Immunological methods for human placental alkaline phosphatase (Regan isoenzyme). 5 29

History, biochemical properties, techniques and normal range of carcino-embryonic proteins and their applications in clinical diagnosis are reviewed in detail. The importance of alpha1-fetoprotein, colon embryonic antigen, fetal sulfoglycoprotein, alpha2H-globulin and Regan-isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase is discussed for carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, other malignant tumors and benign gastroenterological diseases. The results of prospective studies in cancer high risk patients and the indications for the determination of carcino-embryonic proteins in gastroenterology were described.
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PMID:[Tumor antigens in the diagnosis of gastroenterological diseases (author's transl)]. 5 61

Intestinal metaplasia is often associated with human gastric carcinoma. Intestinalization seems to be a typical example of abnormal differentiation and is possibly a precancerous state. For investigation of intestinal metaplasia, a method for visualizing disaccharidases using Tes-Tape was developed; this method was applied to many specimens of stomach surgically removed for the treatment of gastric carcinoma. More than 130 specimens of human stomach were investigated. Intestinalization was classified into types I and II intestinal metaplasia. In type I intestinal metaplasia, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, goblet cells, and Paneth cells were present; while the type II intestinal metaplasia, sucrase and maltase were present but alkaline phosphatase and trehalase were absent. In type II, goblet cells were present but not Paneth cells. The histochemical technique for sucrase was newly devised. Some of the villi with goblet cells in the area of intestinalization in the stomach were not stained by sucrase activity, although most of the villi were stained. The presence of a third type of metaplasia was suggested. Purified sucrases obtained from the intestine and one case of type I intestinal metaplasia showed blood group reactivity due to the oligosaccharide side chain. However, purified sucrases obtained from two cases of type II intestinal metaplasia were negative in blood group reactivity. A close relation between distribution of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric carcinoma and that in surrounding intestinal metaplasia is discussed.
Cancer Res 1976 Jul
PMID:Precancerous changes in the stomach. 5 22

The localization of alkaline phosphatase in HeLa cells was examined by electron microscopic histochemistry and subcellular fractionation techniques. Two monophenotypic sublines of HeLa cells which respectively produced Regan and non-Regan isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase were used for this study. The electron microscopic histochemical results showed that in both sublines the major location of alkaline phosphatase is in the plasma membrane. The enzyme reaction was occasionally observed in some of the dense body lysosomes. This result was supported by data obtained from a subcellular fractionation study which showed that the microsomal fraction rich in plasma membrane fragments had the highest activity of alkaline phosphatase. The distribution of this enzyme among the subcellular fractions closely paralleled that of the 5'-nucleotidase, a plasma membrane marker enzyme. Characterization of the alkaline phosphatase present in each subcellular fraction showed identical enzyme properties, which suggests that a single isoenzyme exists among fractions obtained from each cell line. The results, therefore, confirm the reports suggesting that plasma membrane is the major site of alkaline phosphatase localization in HeLa cells. The absence of any enzyme reaction in the perimitochondrial space in these cultured tumor cells also indicates that the mitochondrial localization of the Regan isoenzyme reported in ovarian cancer may not be a common phenomenon in Regan-producing cancer cells.
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PMID:Plasma membrane localization of alkaline phosphatase in HeLa cells. 5 27

In 56 patients with Hodgkin's disease, the following bloodtests were carried out: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, alpha2-globuline, serium iron concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity. In some patients we additionally measured alkaline leucocyte phosphatase and serum ribonuclease activity. In our series ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations were the most sensitive metabolic parameters. A rise in fibrinogen concentration, alkaline phosphatase and serum ribonclease activity seems to indicate extensive disease. It is not possible, however, to discern between a state of remission and stage I by means of these parameters. ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations might be either elevated or normal in both instances. These parameters seem important in order to distinguish between a remission or stage I on the one hand and extensive disease in stage III and IV on the other hand. Concomitant findings of ESR above 40 mmh, elevated concentrations of fibrinogen and alpha2-globuline, as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase and serum and serum ribonuclease activity mostly indicate stage III or IV.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1976 Jun 15
PMID:[Significance of metabolic parameters in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. 5 79

The clinical features of 57 autopsied cases of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including 28 cases of the peripheral type (cholangiocarcinoma in the narrow sense) and 29 cases of the hilar type are described in comparison with those of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a review of the literature on the clinicopathological aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. As compared with hepatocellular carcinoma, the average age of the patients was older; the male predominance was not obvious, chronic parenchymal liver disease was infrequent in the past history, association of primary cirrhosis was seldom, cholestatic features were frequently the early signs and more pronounced during the course, the liver was enlarged to a lesser extent, ascites was less common, signs of portal hypertension were absent or minimal, and extrahepatic metastases were less frequent. In many respects, the hilar type resembled extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and the peripheral type was somewhat between it and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the overall survival was not much different from that for hepatocellular carcinoma, early diagnosis is emphasized; this would make surgical management possible. Differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma may be possible in the majority with direct cholangiography, liver scan, celiac angiography, determination of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen, and blood chemistry such as SGOT, SLDH, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Illustrative cases are given including one patient with a hilar carcinoma who survived for more than 2 years after transhepatic biliary drainage.
Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:Clinical aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including hilar carcinoma: a study of 57 autopsy-proven cases. 6 93

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPALP) were detected simultaneously in the sera and body fluids of two male patients with gastric carcinoma matestatic to the liver. At autopsy, widely disseminated gastric cancer of Borrmann III type with liver metastases was revealed in both bases. Histologically, they were moderately differentiated tubular and papillary adenocarcinomas with marked cellular atypia and necrosis. In Case 1, the properties of CPALP were identical to Nagao type CPALP, and in Case 2 the Variant type CPALP. Using immunofluorescence, CEA and CPALP were demonstrated in both primary and metastatic cells. However, only in Case 2 was AFP observed in some of the primary tumor cells.
Cancer 1977 Mar
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase in gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver. 7 44

Using rats, we studied how best to assess hepatic damage after administering therapeutic doses of each of five anti-cancer drugs or of the hepatotoxin, carbon tetrachloride. As indexes, we compared measurement of the concentration of administered antipyrine in plasma with measurement in serum of alpha-fetoprotein or of the activities of five enzymes that reportedly best reflect hepatic damage. The biological half-life of antipyrine in the plasma was increased more than threefold on pretreating the rats with any of the five cytotoxic drugs or with carbon tetrachloride. In contrast, the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, or glutamate dehydrogenase were not consistently increased. Of the enzymes tested in serum, aspartate aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase best indicated hepatic impairment resulting from the treatment with anti-cancer drugs. Our results imply that determination of the pharmacokinetics of marker drugs such as antipyrine better indicates hepatic dysfunction induced by cytotoxic agents than does measurement of the enzymes liberated into serum as a result of damage to liver mitochondria.
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PMID:Hepatic function assessed (in rats) during chemotherapy with some anti-cancer drugs. 8 82

In 30 patients with cancer of the larynx, aged 40 to 70 years, treated by radiotherapy 6 to 9 years ago the decreased activity of neutrophil beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase accompanied by a decrease of absolute count of enzyme-positive cells was noted. Numbers of acid phosphatase-positive neutrophils were also decreased. Moderate increase of the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity and of numbers of enzyme-positive cells was another observed feature. The main finding in lymphocytes of the patients consisted in the appearance of cells exhibiting diffusion of lysosomal enzymes, especially of beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and to a lesser degree of acid phosphatase into the cell cytoplasm. Moderate increase of immunoglobulin level, especially that of IgA, reflected probably the immunologic mobilization of patients.
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PMID:Effect of radiotherapy on the neutrophil and the lymphocyte enzymatic equipment and serum immunoglobulins in patients with cancer of the larynx. 8 87


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