Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this series, the commonest aetiology was tuberculosis (30 cases, 28%), followed by sarcoidosis (18 cases, 17,7%), mediterranean fever (Olmer's disease) (13 cases, 12,1%), brucellosis (8 cases, 7,4%), typhoid fever (7 cases, 6,6%) and idiopathic forms (8 cases, 7,4%). These were followed by Hodgkin's disease, toxoplasmosis, adenosarcoma, and leprosy. Finally, there were single cases due to infectious mononucleosis, B.C.G. reaction, hypogammaglobulinaemia, coeliac disease and temporal arteritis. Half of the patients had hepatomegaly and an increase, in general moderate, in hepatic enzymes (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase). The highest enzyme levels were seen in cases of brucellosis, hepatic enzymes being normal in patients with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[Granulomatous hepatitis: aetiological study of 107 cases (author's transl)]. 73 1

With the aid of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tagged monoclonal antibody against smooth lipopolysaccharide from Brucella abortus (Bruce 1), a competitive and superimposable ELISA test procedure for bovine brucellosis has been evaluated for its ability to discriminate between Strain 19-vaccinated (S19-Vacc) and Biotype 1-infected (B1-Inf) cattle. In the competitive assay, all sera from S19-Vacc animals competed effectively against HRP-Bruce 1 (low HRP activity), while 10 out of 40 B1-Inf animals competed less effectively with Bruce 1 (high HRP activity). Successful competition by cattle antibodies would result in an increased proportion of cattle Igs binding to the assay antigen. This was confirmed by superimposing an alkaline phosphatase conjugated rabbit anti-cattle Ig after the competitive ELISA had been completed. With the superimposable assay, alkaline phosphatase activity was correspondingly high for S19-Vacc animals, and low for 36 out of 40 B1-Inf animals. The superimposable ELISA had therefore improved the discriminatory capabilities of the assay procedure from 75% to 90%.
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PMID:Bovine brucellosis: evaluation of field sera by a competitive and superimposable ELISA utilising a monoclonal antibody against Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide. 249

Bovine field serums from the Australian brucellosis eradication program were used to compare 2 enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with the complement fixation test (CFT) and Rose Bengal test (RBT). One ELISA used an anti-bovine IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate (ELISA 1) and the other a monoclonal anti-bovine Ig alkaline phosphatase conjugate (ELISA 2). When compared with the CFT, the ELISA 2 like the ELISA 1 lacked specificity in B. abortus vaccinated herds but the ELISA 2 was more specific than the ELISA 1 in previously infected herds and equally as specific as the ELISA 1 in nonvaccinated Brucella free herds. In this study the ELISA 2 proved more sensitive than the CFT, RBT and ELISA 1 particularly in herds where B. abortus biotype 2 was present. The value of using the ELISA 2 in conjunction with the CFT in an eradication program is discussed.
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PMID:Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the final stages of a bovine brucellosis eradication program. 309 40

An ELISA assay was performed to detect antigens of Brucella melitensis directly in the blood of patients affected by Brucellosis. Disposable polystyrene microtiter plates were coated with rabbit immunoglobulins anti-Brucella melitensis antigens and then incubated with sera of Brucellosis patients and sera of not infected normal subjects as a control, to standardize the conditions of the different steps of the assay. The level of the blood-containing Brucella antigen bound to the plate was measured by addition of anti-Brucella melitensis antiserum conjugated with alkaline phosphatase followed by incubation with the specific enzyme substrate. Sera from 9 Brucellosis patients not undergoing therapy were tested by this ELISA assay, and all showed values significantly higher than the control. A pool of 96 sera from normal subjects not infected with Brucella melitensis was used as a negative control. In addition, a different group of 8 sera from patients with Brucellosis undergoing therapy were also analyzed, but no difference in the ELISA value was observed between the two groups with or without therapy. The ELISA assay described in this paper could be a reproducible, sensitive and suitable test to detect Brucella-antigens in the blood of Brucellosis patients and it could be used in addition to the more common methods for a more thorough diagnosis of Brucellosis.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Brucella melitensis-associated antigens. 317 24

In experiments on 240 guinea-pigs metabolic changes were found to occur in peripheral blood cells in the process of the development of brucellosis infection and after immunization. The degree and character of the activity of lysosomal enzymes depended on the time of infection and immunity formation. In comparison with the vaccinal culture of Br. abortus 19, the virulent culture of Br. abortus 544 induced greater changes in the activity of esterase, acidic and alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils, in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. The data on enzymatic activity are recommended for use as a differential test for evaluating the character of the infectious and vaccinal processes.
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PMID:[Comparative cytoenzymatic study of infectious and vaccinal processes in experimental brucellosis]. 697 51

Improved enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedures achieved by incorporating sodium azide during predilution of serum samples in a solid-phase EIA for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibody in swine using a peroxidase conjugate and in all washes of a bovine brucellosis rapid card test EIA using alkaline phosphatase conjugate are reported. Without this modification, substantial background interference was encountered that showed direct correlation with the degree of hemolysis of the serum samples. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody-negative samples, separated by subjective groupings based on degree of hemolysis, into "clear", "slight", and "gross/total" samples, had a mean +/- standard deviation of 0.150 +/- 0.072, 0.187 +/- 0.105, and 0.232 +/- 0.108, respectively. The incorporation of sodium azide during the initial step of serum dilution dramatically eliminated the background, giving a mean +/- standard deviation of 0.079 +/- 0.029, 0.076 +/- 0.022, and 0.081 +/- 0.029, respectively. The level of endogenous peroxidase activity, a possible factor for this nonspecific interference, was considerably elevated in some of the swine sera. The clear, slight, and gross/total categories had relative levels of 1%, 2%, and 51% peroxidase activity compared to the conjugate peroxidase activity of 100%. Whereas sodium azide could be used only in sample predilution in the swine toxoplasmosis peroxidase-conjugate test, in the bovine brucellosis alkaline phosphatase-conjugate card test it could be used in all wash cycles. Many brucellosis card test results were visually uninterpretable because of significant background color when the manufacturer's wash reagent was used. The substitution of a wash reagent containing sodium azide eliminated background color, giving a visually unambiguous test.
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PMID:Role of sodium azide in reducing nonspecific color development in enzyme immunoassays. 858 Jan 74

The characteristics of the activity of alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, myeloperoxidase, lysosomal cation proteins, lipids have been determined in the cytochemical study of neutrophils in peripheral blood samples of 127 patients with acute, chronic, primary chronic brucellosis and osteochondrosis. It is expedient to use these characteristics as additional tests for the differential diagnostics of different clinical forms of brucellosis, as well as residual brucellosis and osteochondrosis.
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PMID:[The functional metabolic activity of the blood neutrophils in different clinical forms of brucellosis]. 922 62

51 cases of granulomatous hepatitis were seen among 1234 liver biopsies over a 10 year period. Tuberculosis was the commonest cause seen in 55 percent of cases. Other causes included leprosy, sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis, brucellosis, amoebic liver abscess, lymphoma and malignant granuloma. 12 percent of cases remained undiagnosed. Clinically these patients presented with pyrexia and hepatosplenomegaly. Jaundice was uncommon. Many showed elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, anaemia and raised ESR Granulomatous hepatitis of unknown aetiology with FUO was seen in 6 percent cases only.
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PMID:Granulomatous hepatitis: a retrospective study. 972 54

Hepatic lipidosis, a hallmark lesion of lipid mobilization disorders in ruminants, was noted in four 3-year-old, pregnant bison (Bison bison) after periods of anorexia that progressed to recumbency and death. The affected bison were part of a herd at the National Animal Disease Center (NADC) that was used for brucellosis vaccine research. Microscopically, the liver contained swollen hepatocytes with numerous, variably sized, round, smoothly contoured vacuoles that displaced cytoplasmic structures. Hepatocytes in all zones of the lobule were affected equally. Hypoglycemia, decreased total carbon dioxide, elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and increased nonesterified fatty acid levels were noted. As in the case of cattle, altered nutritional demands of late gestation combined with management factors such as obesity, nutrition, stress, and concomitant disease may be critical in the pathophysiology of lipid mobilization disorders in bison. Additionally, stressors unique to this research herd likely contributed to fatal hepatic lipidosis.
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PMID:Hepatic lipidosis in pregnant captive American bison (Bison bison). 1242 37

We assessed the prevalence of impaired liver function in 47 patients suffering from brucellosis consecutively admitted to our department over the last five years. Parameters of liver function and ultrasound of the upper abdomen were performed at entry and at the end of treatment. On admission, mean transaminase values were elevated and significantly higher than at recovery (p 0.001): 38 percent and 53 percent of patients had elevated baseline values of GOT and GPT vs 13 and 19% at the end of treatment, respectively. Mean serum values of alkaline phosphatase (AP) were within normal limits on admission, although in 12 of them serum values were elevated. The same proportion was seen for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Both transaminases and AP were elevated in 8 patients (17 percent). There were no significant differences in serum values of albumin and bilirubin before and after therapy. The platelet count slightly decreased, but not significantly, during the acute phase of disease. At ultrasound one third of the patients showed hepatomegaly with a hepatitis-like pattern and 40 percent of patients had splenomegaly. In conclusion, this study confirms data in the literature showing a high frequency of liver impairment during the course of brucellosis, which is usually mild-moderate.
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PMID:[Abnormal liver function in brucellosis]. 1884 12


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