Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 181 consecutive patients with breast cancer, urinary hydroxyproline excretion has been critically evaluated in conjunction with clinical, biochemical, radiological and scintigraphic parameters. The urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is a sensitive index of the presence of bone metastases. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion is a reliable method of selecting those patients whose elevated serum alkaline phosphatase is secondary to bone disease rather than liver idsease. The estimation of hydroxyproline excretion furthermore gives information on the activity of bone metastasis, and its response to treatment, which cannot be given by radiological or scintigraphic methods. It is doubtful whether urinary hydroxyproline estimation will help to detect bone metastases before they are apparent on scintigrams. When the bone scan is doubtful, as often occurs in older subjects, hydroxyproline excretion has been found to be helpful in classifying the patient. When scintigraphy is not available, an elevation of hydroxyproline excretion, together with an elevation of Ca/cr ratio or alkaline phosphatase activity, may pre-date by several months the radiological demonstration of osseous metastases.
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PMID:Relevance of hydroxyproline excretion to bone metastasis in breast cancer. 97 1

The timing of anticonvulsant-induced disturbances of calcium metabolism was investigated in ten epileptics before diphenylhydantoin therapy and during it for up to three years. There was a significant decrease in average serum calcium and an increase in average serum alkaline phosphatase one month after the commencement of the therapy, these values remaining constant thereafter. Decreased serum inorganic phosphate and elevated hydroxyproline levels were also seen in the patients during the followup. At any time after the start of the drug therapy, 10 to 40 per cent of the patients had abnormalities in one or more of these parameters. The findings suggest that prophylactic therapy with vitamin D is indicated from the earliest phase of anticonvulsant therapy to prevent the development of bone disease.
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PMID:Serum calcium balance during early phase of diphenylhydantoin therapy. 97

Acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis provides a reliable and reasonably rapid method of differentiating the raised serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) of bone origin from that of liver origin. The technique has been placed for the first time on a semiquantitative basis. Measurement of both band width and band position effectively distinguishes the bone from the liver isoenzyme, but band width provides superior discrimination. An origin band was seen in none of the normal subjects and in only 7% of patients with bone disease but was present in 78% of patients with liver disease, a highly significant increase. Fifty percent of normal individuals had a small-intestinal band in serum taken two hours after a meal, as did 35% of patients with liver disease, but the incidence of intestinal bands in bone disease was only 11%, significantly less than in the other two groups. The genetic control of small-intestinal AP in serum has been confirmed, but it has been demonstrated that the decrease of intestinal AP in bone disorders is not genetically determined.
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PMID:Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in bone and liver disease. 97 79

Technetium 99m-polyphosphate bone images are correlated with bone roentgenography, and serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in 91 patients with suspected bone metastasis. Technetium polyphosphate bone images are the most sensitive and serum level of calcium and phosphorus are the least sensitive indicator of bone lesions. Bone roentgenography is not as sensitive as technetium polyphosphate images. Abnormal bone images with normal or abnormal bone roentenography associated with increased alkaline phosphatase in the absence of liver metastasis are highly suggestive of metastatic bone disease. Abnormal bone images adjoining the joints, associated with normal serum alkaline phosphatase and abnormal joint roentgenography suggest arthritis. It is recommended that technetium 99m-labelled phosphate bone images are considered to be the diagnostic procedure of choice to detect skeletal lesions. Polyphosphate bone images are highly sensitive, with the combination of elevated alkaline phosphatase they become relatively more specific for a metastatic bone disease.
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PMID:Technetium-99m polyphosphate bone image for early detection of skeletal metastasis. Correlation with other diagnostic parameters. 111 48

Various tissues were extracted with either normal saline or heat inactivated serum (HIS) and the heat stability and electrophoretic migration of the alkaline phosphatase enzymes (AP) of the extracts were compared to the heat stability and electrophoretic properties of serum AP. The electrophoretic pattern of HIS extracts of liver and bone differed from that of saline extracts but the pattern was unaffected if HIS was added to the saline extracts. The heat stabilities of the tissue AP also differed depending on whether they were extracted with saline or HIS. However, serum AP heat stability can help differentiate between liver and bone disease. It is concluded that the comparison of serum and tissue AP heat stabilities or the comparison of serum and tissue AP electrophoretic patterns as criteria for identification of the tissue source of the serum enzyme may be misleading since both these parameters vary, depending on the medium used for extracting the tissue and the extract(s) may contain a mixture of enzymes different from that in serum. It is further concluded from the electrophoretic studies on tissue AP that the increased serum AP in patients with hepatobiliary disease was unlikely to be due to regurgitation of bile but due to increased synthesis and release of alpha 1 and alpha 2 AP isoenzymes from liver, bile ducts or gall bladder. In patients with bone disease the increased serum AP is derived from bone. The source of the serum AP of "normal" subjects may be either liver or vascular tissue or both.
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PMID:Observations on the heat stability and electrophoretic pattern of alkaline phosphatases extracted from various tissues. 112 1

In an attempt to detect biochemical evidence of metabolic bone disease in the aged, we measured plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations, in addition to plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine levels, in elderly White, Black and Indian women. All three ethnic groups demonstrated raised mean PTH concentrations. The Black patients, however, showed the greatest mean PTH elevation and the lowest plasma calcium level. Increased PTH secretion in elderly females may reflect either an age-related decline in renal function or subclinical osteomalacia. Elderly Black women seem particularly susceptible to the latter disorder, probably because of dietary and environmental factors.
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PMID:Metabolic bone disease in the elderly. Biochemical studies in three different racial groups living in South Africa. 115 41

The value of the estimation of liver and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in a series of 500 admissions to a geriatric unit is described. A raised total alkaline phosphatase was found in 40 patients and this was due to raised levels of the bone isoenzyme in about two-thirds of these. Its value in diagnosis of treatable bone disease is emphasized.
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PMID:Clinical value of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme estimations in the elderly. 115 92

The value of bone scanning with 99mTc-polyphosphate was assessed in 186 patients with various types of tumors. The sensitivity of this technique was greater than that of metastatic roentgenographic series and the reported results of 85-Sr-bone scans, in the detection of osseous involvement by tumors. Three cases with normal bone scans and abnormal roentgenographic studies illustrated the necessity and complementary value of comparing bone scan findings with radiographic studies. Patients with carcinoma of the breast, lung, or prostate displayed characteristic patterns of bone involvement by their tumors. The importance of clinical information, including bone symptoms, antecedent bone disease, and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, was stressed in the detection and interpretation of bone scan abnormalities.
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PMID:Incidence and sites of bone lesions detected by 99mTc-polyphosphate scans in patients with tumors. 115 7

Case report of a 18 year old boy with short stature, microceophaly, mental retardation and multiple dysmorphic signs. At the age of 9 years a severe generalised osteoporosis was discovered. A pathological fracture of the greenwoor type healed without proper callus formation. The osteoporosis persists without signs of either deterioration or improvement. The serum phosphorus is slightly decreased, while serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and renal functions are normal. The main biochemical finding is a constant hyperclaciuria of 6-13 mg/kg/24 h, which can be corrected by treatment with oral sodium phosphate. No other chronic disease could be found which would explain the bone disease. The complex disease of this boy does not fit into the known pictures of osteogenesis imperfecta, idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis or of idiopathic hypercalciuria, and might therefore be another type of demineralising bone disease. It is suggested, that the cause might be an impairment of the calcium fixation of collagen fibres during desmal ossification.
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PMID:[Uncommon form of idiopathic osteoporosis with hypercalciuria, growth retardation and mental retardation]. 115 69

An unusual isoenzyme pattern of serum alkaline phosphatase was found in a patient with skeletal abnormalities due to multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and it was demonstrated that the abnormal pattern was caused by complex formation between serum alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin G of the lambda class. Physicochemical studies of the patient's serum alkaline phosphatase showed the properties of an osseous enzyme. Evidence was obtained indicating that the complexing occurred in vitro and that the patient's immunoglobulin G had the ability to bind the hepatic and osseous isoenzymes selectively but not to bile, placental and intestinal isoenzymes. No abnormality was detected in the leucocyte isoenzyme pattern. The relationship between the occurrence of complex formation and the patient's bone disease was not established.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes linked to immunoglobulin G. 119 8


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