Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new cytochemical technique, sensitive to altered lysosomal membrane permeability of blood neutrophils, has been evaluated as a screening test for bacterial infection. This technique, for the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and chloroacetate esterase, was compared with the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase and nitroblue tetrazolium tests. The mean score for each method was significantly higher in infected patients than in normal controls. There was, however, considerable overlap of individual scores between infected patients and ill, but uninfected, patients. This overlap limits the diagnostic value of existing cytochemical screening methods.
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PMID:Neutrophil cytochemistry in bacterial infection. 42 76

In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), infection, both viral and bacterial, disproportionate to the mild neutropenia seen in many such patients is responsible for significant morbidity. We report impaired granulocyte chemotaxis efficiency which may contribute to the problems induced by bacterial infections. PNH (but not normal) granulocytes, after exposure to very small concentrations of activated serum complement components, migrate poorly, as documented by their inhibited chemotaxis toward bacterial products or activated complement components in Boyden chambers. The granulocytes remain intact, excluding trypan blue, phagocytosing, and killing bacteria, despite this activated complement exposure. It is also suggested that this chemotactic defect may involve only a clone of cells, analogous to the clonal lysis of PNH erythrocytes; those few granulocytes capable of migration after exposure to activated complement contain normal quantities of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), in contrast to the LAP deficiency of the overall PNH granulocyte population. Since bacterial infection may initiate or potentiate hemolysis, one of the major symptoms of the disease, these results could explain much of the morbidity of PNH.
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PMID:Complement-mediated granulocyte dysfunction in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 127 74

Thirty patients are described who developed jaundice during the course of severe bacterial infection. Although the infecting organism was variable, as was the site of infection, the patients were generally ill and pyrexial. The group had a very high mortality rate (43%). A positive blood culture was obtained in 11 patients. Biochemical abnormalities noted were those of an increased concentration of conjugated bilirubin in the serum with only a modest increase in alkaline phosphatase and transaminase levels. Serum cholesterol was found to be normal. The mean serum urea level was significantly elevated, as were creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase. Most patients exhibited a neutrophil leukocytosis and an elevated sedimentation rate, and the mean hemoglobin level was low. Liver histology was studied in 13 patients. There was evidence of mild bile stasis in 5 and moderate bile stasis in 2. Findings were otherwise nonspecific and were characterized by fatty change and/or inflammatory cells in the portal areas. There was no correlation between degree or duration of juandice and prognosis, although all patients who died remained jaundiced until death. It is suggested that this syndrome is not one of true cholestasis in that all biliary substances were not shown to be elevated in the serum, but that it is rather a selective defect in the excretion of conjugated bilirubin.
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PMID:Jaundice in severe bacterial infection. 127 54

Pyogenic liver abscess is an uncommon condition which carries substantial morbidity and mortality if untreated. A review was undertaken of 31 patients who were admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) between January 1980 and December 1987 and who were diagnosed as having pyogenic liver abscess. The aims of the study were to review the aetiology, current methods of investigation and treatment of the disease, and to formulate a management plan based on the findings. Hypoalbuminaemia, leukocytosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase were the most common findings. Hyperbilirubinaemia was not a usual feature. Computerised tomography (CT) scanning and ultrasound were the most useful imaging modalities in identification of the abscess. The sensitivity of CT scanning in evaluating the size of abscesses was lower than anticipated and this may lead to a higher than necessary rate of surgical drainage. A case is presented to illustrate this. Most abscesses were secondary and frequently due to extension of infection from biliary structures. Diseases causing diminished resistance to bacterial infection had a significant role in the pathogenesis. The overall mortality rate was 25%. Risk factors increasing mortality included advanced age, multiplicity of abscesses, depressed immune status and the presence of complications due to the abscess. Of patients who survived, four were treated with antibiotics alone, eleven with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics, and eight with surgery and antibiotics. We conclude that patients with hepatic abscesses should be managed initially by CT or ultrasound-guided aspiration. If pus is obtained a percutaneous drain should be inserted into the cavity and systemic antibiotics administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Review of pyogenic liver abscess at the Royal Adelaide Hospital 1980-1987. 224 50

Intrahepatic cholestasis associated with severe extrahepatic bacterial infection is well recognized in humans. A similar syndrome is not well characterized in veterinary medicine. Five dogs with severe extrahepatic bacterial infection that developed histologically confirmed intrahepatic cholestasis were selected from the authors' case files. The types of infections included pneumonia, peritonitis secondary to a rectal tear, urinary tract infection, bite wounds, and vegetative endocarditis. Escherichia coli was involved in two of the dogs, mixed infection in one dog, and a gram-positive cocci in the other two dogs. Total bilirubin concentrations ranged from 3.5 to 33.5 mg/dl. Serum liver enzyme activities showed only mild to moderate increases: alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 41-750 IU/l), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 25-235 IU/l), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 99-255 IU/l). Fasting serum bile acids concentration was markedly elevated in the one dog in which it was measured (259 mumol/l). Histologically, the cholestasis was characterized by bile pigment accumulation in hepatocytes, canaliculi, and/or Kupffer's cells. Inflammatory parenchymal changes, when present, were minimal. The findings of hyperbilirubinemia, only a slight increase in the liver enzyme activities, and minimal inflammatory changes in liver tissue specimens in the five dogs with extrahepatic bacterial infections are similar to the findings in intrahepatic cholestasis associated with extrahepatic bacterial infection in humans.
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PMID:Cholestasis associated with extrahepatic bacterial infection in five dogs. 258 68

A study was carried out to evaluate the role of laboratory investigations for diagnosis of liver abscess from the year 1976 to 1981. Bacteriological, parasitological, serological, haematological, histopathological studies and liver function tests were carried out in 240 confirmed cases of liver abscess during the study period. Out of 219 cases, pus culture for pyogenic bacteria was positive in 68 cases (including 27 cases of secondary bacterial infection of amoebic liver abscess) and sterile in 151 cases. Ent histolytica was demonstrated in pus of 24 cases. The diagnostic titre of 1:128 and above was detected in 137 sera by isohaemagglutination test. The liver function tests were of limited value. Albumin globulin ratio was altered in 91.25% cases and there was moderate increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase. Histopathological studies demonstrated Ent histolitica in 2 cases only. Changes characteristic of pyogenic liver abscess were observed in 6 cases. Rest showed no specific changes.
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PMID:A study on laboratory diagnosis of liver abscess in Pondicherry. 275 72

The effects of intra-articular injection of small amounts of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the intercarpal joint of 5 ponies were studied. The LPS induced predictable changes all of which were analogous to acute bacterial infection, except that the development of signs occurred sooner after the LPS injection, and subsided within 36 hours. Fever was monophasic and peaked at 5-7 hours. The ponies exhibited depression, reduced or absent appetite, increased pulse and respiration rates, and lameness. The lameness became evident between 1 and 2 hours after injection, at which time warmth, articular effusion, and resentment to palpation of joint flexion were evident. Hematological changes included neutrophilic leucocytosis, and changes in copper, iron and zinc serum concentrations. The synovial fluid total protein, leucocyte, and alkaline phosphatase levels increased within 2 hours. The mucin precipitation, total protein and leucocyte counts in synovial fluid remained elevated long after clinical and hematological changes had subsided. The model is useful for the study of some aspects of infectious joint disease.
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PMID:An induced synovitis disease model in ponies. 355 39

Various leukocyte parameters, i.e., leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity, absolute segmented polymorphonuclear count (segs), absolute band count and bands/segs ratio were studied in 15 full-term newborns with bacterial infections, 15 full-term newborns with bacterial infections, 15 full-term newborns with viral illnesses, and 10 age- and weight-matched control newborns. Mean LAP scores were 87.5 in the control group, 160.3 in newborns with viral illnesses, and 232.7 in newborns with bacterial infections. The differences between each group were statistically significant. The mean band count and bands/segs ratio were 65.6/mm3 and 0.013 in the control group; 842/mm3 and 0.18 in newborns with viral illnesses, and 2,207/mm3 and 0.37 in newborns with bacterial infections. LAP was more sensitive than other parameters in distinguishing the three groups. The data indicate that an LAP score of greater than 200, a band count of greater than 500/mm3 and a bands/segs ratio of greater than 0.3 are highly suggestive of bacterial infection.
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PMID:Value of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase and other leukocyte parameters in diagnosis of neonatal infection. 673 68

Jaundice of severe bacterial infection is well known. Marked elevation of the alkaline phosphatase has not previously been emphasized as a manifestation of severe bacterial infection. We report 4 patients with bacterial infection manifested chemically by a markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and a minimally elevated serum bilirubin.
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PMID:Marked elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase activity as a manifestation of systemic infection. 735 Dec 97

Medical reports of 17 patients with discitis after lumbar disc operation (PD) were analyzed retrospectively. None of the patients had had previous lumbar disc operations. The diagnosis was confirmed by laminar tomography. The prevalence of PD was 2.75%. We found indications of bacterial infection in 82% of the cases. For all patients the infection was long lasting, with hospital contact for a mean period of eight months. PD was classified into three categories according to symptoms and laboratory investigations (ESR, CRP, WBC and alkaline phosphatase): type I = acute septic PD (53%), type II = subacute septic PD (29%), and type III = aseptic PD (18%). For PD type I and type II we recommend that antibiotics be administered intravenously until a fall in ESR and CRP are seen, followed by peroral antibiotics until normalisation. For all three types immobilisation of the back and analgetics are necessary.
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PMID:[Postoperative lumbar discitis. Types, diagnosis and treatment]. 896 75


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