Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (
alkaline phosphatase
)
47,916
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Avian leukosis
virus (ALV)-induced osteopetrosis is caused by the abnormal growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. To evaluate the role of infection in osteopetrosis induction, the replication of an osteopetrosis-inducing virus (Br21) has been compared in osteopetrotic bone, calvarial-derived osteoblasts, and chick embryo fibroblasts. Much higher levels of infection occurred in diseased bone than in the cultures. Severe cases of osteopetrosis contained 10 times more viral DNA, 30 times more mature capsid protein, 5 to 10 times more Gag precursor protein, and 2 to 3 times more Env protein than the infected cultures. Virus replication in the cultured osteoblasts was similar to that in fibroblasts except for a distinctive asymmetric localization of Gag proteins. In osteopetrotic chickens, bones became atypically enlarged and sera contained elevated levels of osteoblast differentiation markers (
alkaline phosphatase
and osteocalcin). In cultures, infections did not affect the growth or differentiation of osteoblasts. Thus, the infected cultures lacked aspects of the bone environment that support both the high levels of infection and the aberrant function of osteoblasts characteristic of ALV-induced osteopetrosis.
...
PMID:Replication of an osteopetrosis-inducing avian leukosis virus in fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteopetrotic bone. 797 14
Display technology refers to methods of generating libraries of modularly coded biomolecules and screening them for particular properties. Retroviruses are good candidates to be a eukaryotic viral platform for the display of polypeptides synthesized in eukaryotic cells. Here we demonstrate that
avian leukosis
virus (ALV) provides an ideal platform for display of nonviral polyaeptides expressed in a eukaryotic cell substrate. Different sizes of polypeptides were genetically fused to the extreme N-terminus of the ALV envelope glycoprotein in an ALV infectious clone containing an
alkaline phosphatase
reporter gene. The chimeric envelope glycoproteins were efficiently incorporated into virions and were stably displayed on the surface of the virions through multiple virus replication cycles. The foreign polypeptides did not interfere with the attachment and entry functions of the underlying ALV envelope glycoproteins. The displayed polypeptides were fully functional and could efficiently mediate attachment of the recombinant viruses to their respective cognate receptors. This study demonstrates that ALV is an ideal display platform for the generation and selection of libraries of polypeptides where there is a need for expression, folding, and posttranslational modification in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells.
...
PMID:Avian leukosis virus is a versatile eukaryotic platform for polypeptide display. 1458 33
A universal and effective photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensing device was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for sensitive and specific detection of subgroup J of
avian leukosis
virus (ALVs-J) based on a signal-on strategy. Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods, with good morphology, high crystallinity and differentiated PEC properties, were selected as the photoelectrochemical species and synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. On the basis of
alkaline phosphatase
catalytic chemistry to in situ produce ascorbic acid for electron donating, an enhanced photocurrent was obtained. Due to the dependence of the photocurrent signal on the concentration of generated electron donor, an exquisite immunosandwich protocol was successfully constructed for PEC detection of ALVs-J with a linear range from 10(2.14) to 10(3.65) TCID50/mL. The detection limit was 10(2.08) TCID50/mL (S/N=3), and high stability and specificity were obtained. The strategy provides a fast and sensitive method for ALVs-J analysis and opens a general format for future development of PEC immunoanalysis.
...
PMID:Effective signal-on photoelectrochemical immunoassay of subgroup J avian leukosis virus based on Bi2S3 nanorods as photosensitizer and in situ generated ascorbic acid for electron donating. 2428 10
A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of
avian leukosis
virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which benefitted from multiple signal amplification involving graphene-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid nanocomposites (GR-PTCA), nanocellulose-Au NP composites (NC-Au) and the
alkaline phosphatase
(
ALP
) catalytic reaction. GR-PTCA nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrodes served as the immunosensor platform. Due to their excellent electrical conductivity and abundant polycarboxylic sites, the GR-PTCA nanocomposites allowed fast electron transfer and good immobilization of primary antibodies, thereby affording a strong immunosensor signal in the presence of ALV-J. The detected signal could be further amplified by the introduction of NC-Au composites as a carrier of secondary antibodies (Ab
2
) and by harnessing the catalytic properties of Au and
ALP
. Under optimized testing conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of ALV-J, showing a linear current response from 10
2.08
to 10
4.0
TCID
50
/mL (TCID
50
: 50% tissue culture infective dose) with a low detection limit of 10
1.98
TCID
50
/mL (S/N = 3). In addition to high sensitivity, the immunosensor showed very good selectivity, reproducibility and operational stability, demonstrating potential application for the quantitative detection of ALV-J in clinical diagnosis.
...
PMID:Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au composite assisted multiple signal amplification for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. 2905 92
A sensitive and specific photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was fabricated for subgroup J
avian leukosis
viruses (ALV-J) analysis based on a dual signal-on strategy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated graphitic carbon nitride (AuNPs/g-C
3
N
4
) as photoelectrochemical species and primary antibody (Ab
1
) against ALV-J were immobilized onto ITO electrode in turn. An
ALP
-CdTe-Ab
2
bio-conjugant was fabricated by assembling second antibody (Ab
2
) and
alkaline phosphatase
(
ALP
) to CdTe quantum dots (QDs) surface. The PEC immunosensor was fabricated by successively anchoring the target ALV-J and
ALP
-CdTe-Ab
2
bio-conjugants onto electrode surface via the immune recognition. By virtue of the matched energy levels between CdTe QDs and AuNPs/g-C
3
N
4
,
ALP
-CdTe-Ab
2
bio-conjugants could serve as the PEC active probes for photocurrent enhancement. Moreover, the photocurrent response could be further enhanced attributed to the
ALP
catalytic chemistry to in situ produce ascorbic acid for electron donating, achieving an effective dual signal-on mode for PEC assay. On the basis of the ALV-J titers-dependent photocurrent increment, the fabricated PEC immunosensor showed high sensitivity, specificity and stability for ALV-J assay in a wide linear range with a low detection limit of 85 TCID
50
/mL. This PEC immunosensor with the dual signal-on strategy may open up a promising platform for more target analytes in novel immune analysis and clinical diagnostics.
...
PMID:A dual signal-on photoelectrochemical immunosensor for sensitively detecting target avian viruses based on AuNPs/g-C
3
N
4
coupling with CdTe quantum dots and in situ enzymatic generation of electron donor. 3198 45
