Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have shown that inhaled corticosteroids can affect bone metabolism in adults. A study to assess the effect of inhaled beclomethasone, 300 to 800 micrograms/day for at least 6 months (mean 25 months), was therefore undertaken in children. In part 1 of the study, 18 children with asthma, aged 4 to 17 years (mean 10.1 years), were compared with an age- and sex-matched group of children with asthma not treated with corticosteroids. In part 2, eight more pairs were compared. Comparisons were also made with 61 healthy children. Bone mineral density measured by radiographic absorptiometry, and bone mineral content measured by single-photon absorptiometry and by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, showed no significant differences. Serum levels of calcium, magnesium, zinc, total alkaline phosphatase, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D also showed no differences. The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a marker of bone resorption, was significantly lower in the beclomethasone group than in both the asthma control and the normal control groups, but urine calcium excretion did not differ. Patients with asthma had lower serum osteocalcin and higher serum copper levels than control subjects without asthma, but treatment with beclomethasone did not affect these values. We conclude that inhaled beclomethasone (up to 800 micrograms/day) does not reduce bone mineralization or increase bone resorption. Effects on bone formation were difficult to assess because asthma per se caused a significant reduction in osteocalcin, a sensitive marker of bone formation.
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PMID:Bone metabolism in children with asthma treated with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate. 842 34

To evaluate the activation of T-lymphocytes in the airways of patients with asthma, we attempted to measure the concentration of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in sputum extracts from asthma patients with acute attacks or in remission. The large amount of alkaline phosphatase in the sputum extracts excluded the use of an ELISA kit. Measurement was attempted by radiolabeling the second antibody in the ELISA kit. sIL-2R was detectable in 10/23 (43%) of the sputum extracts from patients with acute asthma attacks, but not in those from patients in remission (n = 12, p < 0.02). These observations suggest that T-lymphocyte activation takes place in the airways of patients with acute asthma attacks.
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PMID:Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in sputum from patients with bronchial asthma. 850 58

We report 20 children diagnosed with transient benign hyperphosphatasemia (THI) during a period of 2 years. The mean age was 29.3 months, ranging from 3 months to 10.2 years, with a male predominance (1.5:1). There were several associated disorders, with the most frequent being acute gastroenteritis, failure to thrive and asthma, the mean alkaline phosphatase (AP) value was 4,137 +/- 2,624 U/L (mean +/- SD). All AP values were above the 97th percentile for each age, with a mean of 3.8 times the level in the 97th percentile for every one-year period (between 0 and 14 years), 6.2 times the 50th percentile mean level and 14.8 times higher than the mean normal upper limit value for adults. The range was from 1,199 to 9,950 U/L. Their serum AP levels returned to normal in a mean period of 3.16 months (1 to 6 months) i 18 cases. The remaining 2 cases are pending on a new checkup. There was no seasonal predominance and the frequency was uniform throughout the year In 2 cases the onset age was more than 5 years and in another 2 patients follow-up serum AP levels did not return to reference values within 4 months. THI is a benign and self-limited entity. We think that the age and duration limits proposed by Kraut may be too rigorous; hence, it would be advisable to review these criteria.
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PMID:[Benign transient hyperphosphatasemia: the contribution of 20 new cases]. 883 May 67

The aim of the trial was estimation of frequency and degree of osteoporosis in steroid-dependent asthma patients (48 persons: 18 men and 30 women). Control group created 36 healthy persons. Following measurements were done: quantitative computed tomography, radiological estimation of thoracic and lumbal spinal column and hands, in serum total alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate, in urine excretion of calcium, phosphate and creatinine. Quantitative computer tomography revealed secondary osteoporosis in 40.5% asthma patients. These results were correlated with estimation of roentgenograms of thoracic and lumbal spinal column and metacarpal measurements and less well with total alkaline phosphatase. Time of duration of steroid therapy and time of asthma had influence on degree of osteoporosis. Moderate development of osteoporosis is probably the result of low dose of steroids.
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PMID:[Secondary osteoporosis in patients with steroid-dependent asthma]. 919 Jun 29

This study was designed to examine the inflammatory process in the central and peripheral airways of surgically resected lungs from asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. Lung specimens were inflated with cryoprotective, rapidly frozen, and systematically sampled. Cryosections prepared from frozen tissue blocks were fixed in acetone/methanol and immunostained with monoclonal antibodies by using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique to detect CD3 (T cells), major basic protein (total eosinophils), EG2 (activated eosinophils), anti-tryptase (mast cells), anti-elastase (neutrophils), and CD68 (macrophages). All airways from patients with asthma demonstrated a significant increase in the numbers of T cells and total and activated eosinophils compared with airways from nonasthmatic subjects (p < 0.001). In the patients with asthma, the numbers of activated eosinophils but not T cells were significantly greater in airways with an internal perimeter less than 2 mm compared with those with an internal perimeter greater than 2 mm (p < 0.05). There were also significantly higher numbers of major basic protein-positive eosinophils, when expressed as a fraction of the alveolar wall tissue, in patients with asthma compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). In asthmatic airways with an internal perimeter of more than 2 mm, there was a greater number of activated eosinophils in the tissue between the epithelium and the smooth muscle compared with the tissue between the smooth muscle layer and lung parenchyma (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was a greater number of total eosinophils in the outer airway layer compared with the inner airway layer (p < 0.05). These results show that there is a similar but more severe inflammatory process present in the peripheral compared with the central airways of patients with asthma, which is consistent with the fact that the smaller airways are a major site of obstruction in asthma.
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PMID:Inflammation of small airways in asthma. 925 86

Theophylline is an effective bronchodilatator used in the treatment of asthma which requires frequent control because of its narrow therapeutic index. Over the past decade much attention has been dedicated to the peculiar properties of the inner water pools of AOT (sodium 2-bishexyl-ethyl sulfosuccinate) microemulsions as enzyme microreactors, yet few analytical applications of the latter have been reported. We developed an original assay based on the uncompetitive inhibition by theophylline of the reaction catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase from bovine liver (E.C. 3.1.3.1) of the ELF-97 fluorogenic substrate in borate buffer 20 mM (pH 8.6)/AOT/iso-octane-ethyl acetate (95:5) at a temperature of 37 degrees C. Optimal activity of endogenous plasmatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes approximately pH 10.5, interfering activity of the serum are avoided. The assay is multiple point rate, monitoring the appearance of the photostable fluorescence emission of the reaction product (510-530 nm) out of the water pool. The influence of several parameters such as the amount of buffer (W(o)), the amount of alkaline phosphatase, sample volume (10-30 microl) [corrected], optimal run time (1-7 min) and the use of phosphorylating acceptor (2A2MP) are discussed. The method was compared to HPLC UV and TDx methods.
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PMID:Fluorimetric determination of theophylline in serum by inhibition of bovine alkaline phosphatase in AOT based water/in oil microemulsion. 991 59

Tachykinins such as substance P (SP) may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma. This study investigated the presence of SP and its receptor in the differentiated macrophage-like U-937 cell line and in macrophages from sputum induced in healthy subjects (n=8). In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled sense and antisense complementary ribonucleic acid (cRNA) probes was used to determine the expression of SP and its receptor (neurokinin (NK)1 receptor). SP-immunoreactive material was detected using a rabbit anti-SP antiserum and the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. Beta-preprotachykinin (PPT)-I messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding SP, was detected using in situ hybridization in differentiated U-937 cells as well as in CD45+ human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR+ sputum macrophages. The expression of the beta-PPT-I mRNA was increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U-937 cells. SP-immunoreactive material was found in differentiated U-937 cells and in CD68+ sputum macrophages. NK1 receptor mRNA was detected in differentiated U-937 cells and sputum macrophages. Incubation of U-937 cells with SP considerably increased the expression of NK1 receptor mRNA. This study demonstrates that human monocytes/macrophages express substance P and that this expression is upregulated by lipopolysacharide. Human monocytes/macrophages also express neurokinin1 receptor messenger ribonucleic acid, suggesting an autocrine effect of substance P on these cells.
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PMID:Presence of substance P and neurokinin 1 receptors in human sputum macrophages and U-937 cells. 1057 19

Adhesion molecules play an important role in inflammatory processes and influence on recruitment of effector cells. The aim of our study was to assess the percentage of T-lymphocytes expressing LFA-1, Mac-1 and ICAM-1 in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) and blood of patients with sarcoidosis, atopic bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. The reference group consisted of patients with haemoptysis or suspected of having bronchial carcinoma. Expression of adhesion molecules was revealed by /APAAP/ alkaline phosphatase anti alkaline phosphatase method. The highest percentage of lymphocytes expressing all adhesions molecules in BALF and blood was observed in patients with chronic bronchitis. Reductions of T-cells in BALF of patients with bronchial asthma and sarcoidosis may reflect of their direct binding in inflammatory sites. This studies confirm the involvement of adhesion molecules in maintenance of chronic inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract.
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PMID:[Adhesion molecules LFA-1(CD-11a), Mac-1(CD-11b) of t-lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood in patients with chronic respiratory tract disease]. 1076 45

Beclomethasone dipropionate is an inhaled corticosteroid, used for the treatment of asthma. It is metabolised to 17-beclomethasone monopropionate, which has greater affinity for corticosteroid receptors than the parent compound, and to beclomethasone. We investigated the potency of beclomethasone dipropionate, 17-beclomethasone monopropionate and beclomethasone (compared with dexamethasone as a reference steroid) in two different human cell types, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and osteoblasts. We found that beclomethasone dipropionate, 17-beclomethasone monopropionate (EC50 10(-14) M) and beclomethasone (EC50 approx. 10(-12) M) were much more potent than dexamethasone (EC50 10(-8) M) in inhibiting interleukin-5 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In contrast, beclomethasone dipropionate, 17-beclomethasone monopropionate and beclomethasone were equipotent with dexamethasone (EC50 range 0.3-1.2 x 10(-9) M) in affecting several functional assays of osteoblasts (e.g. alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin synthesis). These results show that the relative bioactivities of corticosteroids vary between different human cell types, and that affinities observed in receptor binding assays are not necessarily predictive of the bioactivity in cell populations, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells and osteoblasts, which are putatively relevant to efficacy and side effects respectively.
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PMID:Differential potency of beclomethasone esters in-vitro on human T-lymphocyte cytokine production and osteoblast activity. 1081 52

Biochemical measurements of bone turnover are helpful in the study of the pathophysiology of skeletal metabolism and growth. However, interpretation of their results is difficult because they depend on age, pubertal stage, growth velocity, mineral accrual, hormonal regulation, nutritional status, circadian variation, day-to-day variation, method of expression of results of urinary markers, specificity for bone tissue, sensitivity and specificity of assays. Three markers of bone formation have been described including their bone specificity and age-related changes: osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and its skeletal isoenzyme, procollagen I extension peptides. Bone resorption markers (hydroxyproline; deoxypyridinoline; pyridinoline; peptides containing these crosslinks such as N-telopeptide to helix in urine (NTX), C-telopeptide-1 to helix in serum (ICTP) and C-telopeptide-2 in urine and serum (CTX); tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; hydroxylysine and its glycosides) are described with special attention to methodologic issues, mainly ways of expression of their results. Changes of bone turnover during growth are described during four periods: infancy, prepubertal period, puberty and the postpubertal period. Pubertal changes of bone markers are described with special attention to gender differences and hormonal mechanisms of the growth spurt which determine differences related to the pubertal stage. Disturbances of bone turnover in four conditions are described to illustrate the impact of such diseases on growth and formation of peak bone mass: prematurity, malnutrition, growth hormone deficiency and corticosteroid-treated bronchial asthma. Available data suggest biochemical markers of bone remodeling may be useful in the clinical investigation of bone turnover in children in health and disease. However, their use in everyday clinical practice is not advised at present.
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PMID:Biochemical measurements of bone turnover in children and adolescents. 1092 17


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