Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing allergen adsorbed onto the internal surface of a plastic tube, and alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-IgE was used for the determination of specific IgE antibodies to various inhalant allergens in serum samples from 255 individuals with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. A total of 541 analyses were carried out and the results were compared with those of provocation tests, skin tests and the RAST. It was found that negative ELISA values with high probability indicated nonallergy and very high ELISA values (class greater than or equal to 5) indicated allergy. However, the proportion of positive ELISA values which did not correspond to clinical allergy was high, as were the number of intermediate, inconclusive values (class 1-2). Although significant correlations between the ELISA values and provocation test, skin test or the RAST were obtained with some allergens, it was concluded that our version of the ELISA has not advantages over currently used methods for allergy diagnosis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of reaginic allergy with house dust, animal dander and pollen allergens in adult patients. V. A comparison between the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), provocation tests, skin tests and RAST. 32 25

Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin (triacetyloleandomycin and oleandomycin phosphate) were studied in patients with bronchial asthma. Twenty-one cases of the disease without associating infections entered the study, and they were given 750mg of oleandomycin or triacetryloleandomycin in three divided doses daily for two weeks. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were compared to assess the effectiveness of the antibiotic therapy between the three 2-week periods before, during and after the therapy. Improvements in clinical manifestations were attained in 11 of 21 cases (52.3%), and last after discontinuance of the therapy in 8(38.1%). The blood level of 11-OHCS as determined by the Demoorr's fluorescence method increased by greater than 20% at the end of thearpy in 7 of 18 cases (38.9%). In 5 of the 7 cases favorable responses were seen clinically to the oleandomycin therapy. The serum IgE level determined by the radioimmunosorbent test was compared before and after the therapy to reveal that oleandomycin caused decrease of IgE in 10 and increase in 9 of 20 cases examined. The oleandomycin therapy resulted increases by greater than 20% of the vital capacity and FEV 1.0 in 2 and 3, respectively, of 15 cases. Jaundice in association with elevations of the GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase developed in one patient, and generalized skin eruption in another. Both of these cases were given triacetyloleandomycin.
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PMID:[The clinical effect of antibiotics in the macrolide family on bronchial asthma. Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin [author's transl)]. 86 59

A 67-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with status asthmaticus. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was elevated and ALP-linked immunoglobulins (ALP-Igs) were detected by ALP isozyme analysis. Treatment with prednisolone resulted in improvement of her asthmatic symptoms and serum ALP level. Thereafter, elevations of serum ALP and ALP-Igs levels were seen whenever she had an asthmatic attack. She had no manifestations of autoimmune diseases. Changes in ALP-Igs levels in association with asthmatic activity suggested that ALP-Igs were related to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in this case.
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PMID:[A case of bronchial asthma whose disease activity was associated with changes in serum alkaline phosphatase linked-immunoglobulins levels]. 143 34

We have studied the phenotype and activation status of leukocytes in the bronchial mucosa in patients with isocyanate-induced asthma. Fiberoptic bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from nine subjects with occupational (five toluene- and four methylene diisocyanate-sensitive) asthma, 10 subjects with extrinsic asthma, and 12 nonatopic healthy control subjects. Bronchial biopsy specimens were examined by immunohistology with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method. There was a significant increase in the number of CD25+ cells (interleukin-2 receptor-bearing cells, presumed "activated" T-lymphocytes; p less than 0.01) in isocyanate-induced asthma compared with that of control subjects. There were also significant increases in major basic protein (BMK-13)-positive (p less than 0.02) and EG2-positive (p less than 0.01) cells that represent total and "activated" eosinophil cationic protein-secreting eosinophils, respectively. In agreement with our previous findings, CD25+ (p less than 0.01), BMK-13 (p less than 0.03), and EG2+ (p less than 0.01) cells were also elevated in extrinsic asthma. No significant differences were observed in the numbers of T-lymphocyte phenotypic markers (CD3, CD4, and CD8) between subjects with asthma (isocyanate-induced and extrinsic) and control subjects. Similarly, no significant differences in immunostaining for neutrophil elastase (neutrophils) or CD68 (macrophages) were observed. The results suggest that isocyanate-induced occupational asthma and atopic (extrinsic) asthma have a similar pattern of inflammatory cell infiltrate. The results support the view that T-lymphocyte activation and eosinophil recruitment may be important in asthma of diverse etiology.
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PMID:Activated T-lymphocytes and eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa in isocyanate-induced asthma. 153 7

Sixty-two steroid-dependent asthmatics who had not received any form of treatment to prevent bone loss were studied during a 12-month period. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty-one patients were treated with 1 g of elemental calcium taken daily plus 100 IU of salmon calcitonin every other day, administered subcutaneously; the remaining 31 patients received only calcium supplementation. In the calcitonin group, 11 patients dropped out of the study because of severe side effects (seven patients), lack of compliance (three patients), and exacerbation of asthma (one patient). The 20 patients who completed the 12-month follow-up period were analyzed and compared with 20 sex-matched patients from the control group. At one year, bone mineral density (BMD) had increased in the calcitonin group by a mean of 4% (p less than or equal to 0.001), whereas in the control group BMD had decreased by 2.5% (p less than or equal to 0.05). Parameters of bone remodeling (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) decreased significantly in the calcitonin-treated group but not in the control group. Our findings show that calcitonin 100 IU, given three times/wk, is an effective drug in the treatment of steroid-induced osteopenia. Side effects, however, are frequent and cause a high degree of dropout from therapy. These findings suggest that further studies should be carried out with lower doses of calcitonin or by other better tolerated forms of delivery such as in a nasal spray.
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PMID:Treatment of steroid-induced osteopenia with calcitonin in corticosteroid-dependent asthma. A one-year follow-up study. 219 29

We assessed lung function, liver function, and smoking attitudes and behavior in 22 adolescents with homozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency whose condition had been detected through neonatal screening in the early 1970s. All subjects had normal lung volumes, expiratory flow rates, and diffusing capacity except for two siblings with mild asthma whose values reverted to the normal range after administration of an inhaled bronchodilator. Liver function was normal in all subjects with the exception of one boy who had an isolated elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity. Smoking attitudes, as determined by questionnaire, did not differ from those of 130 control subjects, but smoking initiation rates were significantly lower (p = 0.02). We believe that the issue of neonatal screening for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency should be reexamined because augmentation therapy for adults with emphysema is now available, and screening followed by family-based smoking intervention may lead to a nonsmoking life-style. The latter is especially important because the current weight of epidemiologic evidence strongly suggests that in nonsmokers with this condition, severe emphysema may never develop or, if it does, it will do so at a much later age than in smokers.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of a cohort of children with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. 229 95

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a highly active mediator which has been implicated in allergic inflammation and bronchial asthma, possibly by interacting with eosinophils. We have examined the effect of PAF on activation of purified human eosinophils as measured by degranulation (eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil cationic protein, arylsulfatase B, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase) and oxidative metabolism (superoxide anion production). PAF induced enzyme release at concentrations ranging from 1 pM to 10 microM in a rapid (t1/2 5 to 8 min), Ca2+-dependent and noncytotoxic manner from both the specific and small granules, whereas its biologic precursor and metabolite, lyso-PAF, had no effect. For all enzymes, maximal enzyme release occurred at 100 nM PAF with a mean ED50 value of 1.47 +/- 0.4 nM. At this concentration the mean percentage of total enzyme release by PAF from specific granules was 20.3 +/- 1.6% (17.9% for eosinophil peroxidase, 20.6% for beta-glucuronidase, 22.4% for alkaline phosphatase) and 28.8 +/- 2.2% from small granules (arylsulfatase B). Calcium ionophore A23187, PMA, and opsonized zymosan also induced eosinophil degranulation but their peak effect after 10-min incubation with maximal release 14.7%, 12.9%, or 14.1%, respectively, was lower when compared with PAF. Incubation of eosinophils with the PAF-antagonist WEB 2086 led to a parallel shift of the dose-response curve to the right, indicating a competitive antagonism. PAF also caused generation of superoxide anions by human eosinophils but this occurred at higher concentrations of PAF (1 microM to 30 microM) with an ED50 of 8.4 +/- 0.9 microM. Again, this effect was competitively inhibited by WEB 2086. These studies demonstrate that PAF activates human eosinophils to release granule constituents and generate superoxide anions. Since both PAF and eosinophil products are associated with pathogenesis of bronchial asthma our findings may be of particular pathophysiologic relevance.
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PMID:Stimulation of degranulation from human eosinophils by platelet-activating factor. 254 Nov 98

The protease-antiprotease balance and concentration of immunoglobulin was evaluated in some respiratory tract diseases. Analysis was carried out on 24 patients with atopic bronchial asthma, 21 with chronic bronchitis, 27 with bronchiectasis and 18 healthy smokers volunteers. In examination of BAL fluid some selective changes of proteolytic enzymes activities and concentrations of their natural inhibitors were documented. In atopic bronchial asthma the increased activity of acid protease, acid phosphatase and concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin was the most characteristic. In chronic bronchitis there was an increase of acid protease, alkaline phosphatase and concentration of alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, but in bronchiectasis the increase of neutral and acid proteases activities and concentration of all examined natural inhibitors was noted. The changes in concentration of IgA and IgG confirmed their participation in local defense response. All examined BAL enzyme activities and concentrations of inhibitors and immunoglobulins were compared with the results of the parameters in serum, mentioned above. The obtained finding supports the suggestion that the proteolytic enzymes, their natural inhibitors and immunoglobulins play an important role in the respiratory tract pathology. Immunobiochemical analysis of BAL in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis may be useful for clinical prognosis and pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:Immunobiochemical evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. 331 50

IgE and IgG antibodies against Af were measured by ELISA in sera from 15 patients with ABPA and compared with antibody levels in six patients with extrinsic asthma and immediate-type skin reactivity to Af (prick skin test 3+ or 4+) but no other evidence for ABPA. The assay used polyvinyl microhemagglutination plates as a solid phase to adsorb antigens of Af and a double-antibody system of class-specific anti-human globulin and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit globulin. IgE-Af and IgG-Af were significantly greater among patients with ABPA than in patients with asthma, suggesting that this assay may be used as an important diagnostic aid. The advantages of ELISA over radioimmunoassay are discussed in regard to early detection of an indolent pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. 703 11

Micropreparative two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients (4-8) in the first dimension (IPG-DALT) was optimized for the separation of salt-soluble wheat grain proteins, associated with bakers' asthma disease. The resolved polypeptides were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane and incubated with the pooled sera from four asthmatic bakers. Bound IgE was demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-human IgE. Major IgE binding was detected in the 27 kDa, 37 kDa and, to a lesser extent, in the 14-18 kDa area of the 2-D immunoblots, respectively. Since the main purpose of our study was to determine the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major wheat grain allergens, N-terminal sequencing was performed for six out of a total of eleven major allergens located in the 27 kDa area, for one out of two 37 kDa allergens, and for two out of four 14-18 kDa allergens. Our results revealed that two of the 27 kDa polypeptides are clearly related to several Acyl-CoA oxidase variants of barley and rice, whereas no significant homologies were found for the remaining four 27 kDa allergens analyzed. The N-terminus of the 37 kDa allergen appeared to be blocked so that no sequence information was obtained, while the two 14-18 kDa allergens analyzed were identified as members of the wheat alpha-amylase-inhibitor family.
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PMID:Sequence analysis of wheat grain allergens separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. 749 55


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