Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained before, during, and after recombinant alpha 2b-interferon (IFN-alpha 2b) therapy in 25 patients with hairy cell leukemia. During therapy, only 1 patient showed no improvement in at least one of the parameters monitored. Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and monocytopenia resolved in 19/20, 14/15, and 17/18 patients, respectively. In 18/21 patients with Hb less than 12g/dl before treatment, the anemia became less severe. Hairy cells disappeared or decreased in numbers in the peripheral blood in all patients. In the bone marrow, numbers of hairy cells decreased and numbers of granulocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cells increased usually within 3-6 months after the start of therapy. In no patient were hairy cells ever completely absent from the bone marrow. After cessation of IFN-alpha, the median Hb value, WBC, and platelet counts changed little for up to 12 months, but the absolute neutrophil count and absolute monocyte count decreased. Hairy cells reappeared in the peripheral blood of three patients. In the bone marrow the percentage of hairy cells increased, whereas the percentage of granulocytic and erythroid cells decreased. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores were abnormally high in 18/18 patients studied prior to IFN-alpha, but became normal in 17 of these during therapy and were normal in seven first studied during therapy. The median NAP score doubled by 3 months after cessation of therapy and was abnormal in 17/19 patients followed for 6 months. NAP score may be useful in predicting changes in the bone marrow in patients treated with IFN-alpha. We did not find any parameter in the pretherapy specimens that would have allowed us to predict individual response.
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PMID:Changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens during and after alpha 2b-interferon therapy for hairy cell leukemia. 366 60

Gemcadiol is a medium-length diol moiety with lipid-regulating properties in animals and man. The compound was not toxic when single doses were administered to rodents with the lethal dose greater than 7000 mg/kg in rats and mice. Rats treated for 13 or 52 weeks with 30 to 300 mg/kg had reversible food intake suppression and weight gain inhibition, decreased blood cholesterol, slight anemia, and generally dose-related but reversible decreases in glucose, and increases in alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. Liver weights were increased, and there was accompanying hypertrophy and increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia of hepatocytes with associated peroxisome proliferation. Rats treated for 52 weeks also had mild renal tubular dilatation. Dogs given 25 to 300 mg/kg of gemcadiol for up to 52 weeks tolerated the compound better than rats. Effects related to compound administration were elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity in female animals only, and microscopic cytoplasmic vacuolation and hyaline body formation in both sexes. Monkeys given 25 to 300 mg/kg gemcadiol for 13 weeks had slightly decreased serum cholesterol and slightly increased serum creatine phosphokinase. Teratology studies in rats or rabbits indicated no teratogenic response. Gemcadiol affects principally the liver, and the hepatic alterations seen in rats and dogs may reflect compensatory manifestations of altered metabolism related to the lipid-regulating activity of the compound.
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PMID:Preclinical toxicology studies with the lipid-regulating agent gemcadiol. 369 36

A patient who developed chronic salicylism associated with salicylate therapy for treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is described, and the clinical presentation and treatment of chronic salicylism are reviewed. A 5 1/2-year-old boy was receiving aspirin 150/mg/kg/day for treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. While on salicylate therapy, the patient developed tachypnea and became increasingly hyperthermic, lethargic, and disoriented. The patient developed a maculopapular rash, weakness, and a decreased level of consciousness during the 11 days before admission to the hospital. Physical examination and laboratory determinations revealed that the patient had hypoprothrombinemia, hypoglycemia, and severe hepatic encephalopathy secondary to long-term salicylate toxicity. The patient was treated for hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalances, thrombocytopenia, and anemia and was discharged after 24 days. Diagnosing chronic salicylism with hepatic dysfunction was difficult because the symptoms are similar to those of stage I to stage II Reye's syndrome. Liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (also called SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (also called SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, may be elevated in juvenile arthritis patients with hepatic dysfunction. Liver dysfunction usually improves when salicylate therapy is discontinued. Supportive therapy should always be used in symptomatic patients. Children on long-term, high-dose salicylate therapy should be monitored closely, and baseline liver function tests should be performed. The clinical effectiveness of administering sodium bicarbonate in attempts to alkalinize urine and increase salicylate elimination is controversial. In patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who develop chronic salicylism, careful analysis of the patient's medication history, laboratory values, and clinical presentation are necessary to rule out Reye's syndrome.
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PMID:Chronic salicylism in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 370 82

The individual and combined effects of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) were evaluated in young broiler chickens (Hubbard X Hubbard). The experimental design was a 2 X 2 factorial with treatments of 0 and 2.5 micrograms of aflatoxin/g of feed (ppm) and 0 and 16 micrograms of DON/g of feed. The broilers were maintained on these dietary treatments from hatching to 3 weeks of age in electrically heated batteries with feed and water available ad libitum. The aflatoxin treatment significantly (P less than .05) decreased body weight; weight gain; increased the relative weight of the spleen, liver, and kidney; induced hepatic hyperlipemia; decreased activity of lactic dehydrogenase; and decreased serum levels of protein, albumin, and phosphorus. The toxicity of DON was expressed through reduced growth rate, increased feed conversion; increased relative weight of the gizzard, anemia, decreased activity of lactic dehydrogenase, and decreased serum triglycerides. The interaction between aflatoxin and DON was characterized by reduced growth rates; increased feed conversion, increased relative weight of the proventriculus, gizzard, spleen, liver, and kidney, anemia, hepatic hyperlipemia, decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase, and decreased serum levels of protein, albumin, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, and calcium. These data demonstrate that both aflatoxin and DON can limit broiler performance and adversely effect broiler health. The effects of the combination of aflatoxin and DON on broiler performance and health was more severe than the individual effects of these mycotoxins; however, the interaction was not severe enough to represent toxic synergy and can best be characterized as additive toxicity.
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PMID:Individual and combined effects of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) in broiler chickens. 374 45

VP 16-213 (etoposide, abbr. to VP), an oncostatic drug, was administered orally to Crj : CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats of both sexes at dose levels of 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day for six months with the object of examining its chronic toxicity and the reversibility of toxic effects. The summarized results obtained are as follows: VP 30 mg/kg suppressed body weight increase and feed intake, and brought transient diarrhea, anemia and depilation. Some animals receiving this dose died showing systemic debility, emaciation and ataxia. VP 3 mg/kg and higher predominantly decreased red blood cell count as well as white blood cell count accompanied with lowered lymphocyte fraction. VP 30 mg/kg lowered total serum protein content and elevated A/G ratio in males, and lowered serum alkaline phosphatase activity in females. VP 10 and 30 mg/kg predominantly induced thymic atrophy, testicular atrophy with suppression of spermatogenesis and tubular atrophy, a decrease in epididymal weight, and splenic erythropoiesis. Above-described changes excluding the findings on testis and epididymis in VP 30 mg/kg group were shown to be generally reversible. Based on these results, the non-effect dose level of VP under the present experimental condition was estimated to be 1 mg/kg/day against rats of both sexes.
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PMID:[Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (III)--Oral six-month chronic toxicity in rats]. 376

VP 16-213 (etoposide, abbr. to VP), an oncostatic drug, was administered intravenously to Crj : CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats of both sexes at dose levels of 0.15, 0.50, 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg/day for one month with the object of examining its subacute toxicity and the reversibility of toxic effects. For the purpose of comparison, vincristine (abbr. to VCR) was administered in the same manner at dose levels of 0.04 and 0.08 mg/kg/day. The summarized results obtained are as follows: VP 0.50 mg/kg and higher suppressed body weight increase and food intake dose-responsively. VP 4.5 mg/kg brought depilation and anemia, and some of male animals receiving this dose died showing systemic debility, emaciation and ataxia. VP 0.50 mg/kg and higher decreased white blood cell count accompanied with lowered lymphocyte fraction, and 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg predominantly decreased red blood cell count. VP 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg lowered total serum protein content and serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated A/G ratio. VP 0.50 mg/kg and higher predominantly decreased testicular weight, and 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg predominantly brought thymic atrophy, hypoplasia of bone marrow and testicular atrophy with suppression of spermatogenesis and tubular atrophy. VP 4.5 mg/kg induced atrophy of germinal centers and hemosiderosis in spleen, and epididymal atrophy with decrease of sperms in number and appearance of giant cells. Above-described changes excluding the findings on testis and epididymis were generally reversible. Most of the findings for a reference drug, VCR, were similar to those for VP, and their severities brought by VP 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg were comparable to those by VCR 0.04 and 0.08 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, the non-effect dose level of VP under the present experimental condition was estimated to be 0.15 mg/kg/day against rats of both sexes.
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PMID:[Toxicity studies of VP 16-213 (IV)--Intravenous one-month subacute toxicity in rats]. 376 1

A retrospective analysis of 30 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CrMML) was performed to define the natural history of the disease and the risk of acute transformation. Our patients fulfilled the following criteria of diagnosis: blood monocytosis over 1 X 10(9)/l, blast cell percentage in bone marrow up to 30, and in peripheral blood less than 5. The most common presenting feature was anemia; seven patients had fever; three patients complained of purpura and bleeding. Anysopoikilocytosis and macrocytosis were frequent. Abnormal granulocyte morphology, defective granulation and abnormal leukocyte alkaline phosphatase were often observed. Blast cells in peripheral blood smears were found in 14 patients. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were increased in 82 per cent and 93 per cent, respectively. Dysplastic changes involving erythroid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic lineages were constant features in all cases. Agranulated blasts above 5 per cent of marrow nucleated cells were seen in 13 patients (43 per cent). Seven of the 20 patients showed non-specific chromosomal abnormalities at diagnosis. Median survival from diagnosis was 18 months (range, 3-112). Evolution into acute myeloid leukemia occurred in 11 patients. No difference in survival was found between patients who developed acute leukemia and patients who did not. A shorter survival has correlated to the following parameters: leukocytes greater than 10 X 10(9)/l, the presence of blasts in peripheral blood and agranulated blasts in the marrow above 5 per cent.
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PMID:Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: clinical features, cytogenetics, and prognosis in 30 consecutive cases. 386 Apr 66

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) or ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in dogs on the basis of specific immunofluorescent testing for each disease. Comparisons between clinical and laboratory findings were made between the 2 diseases. The incidence of RMSF tended to be more seasonal and it affected younger dogs. Purebred dogs appeared to be more susceptible to both diseases. In general, RMSF had a more rapid and severe course of clinical illness than did ehrlichiosis, but acute ehrlichiosis was difficult to differentiate from RMSF. Both diseases were characterized by fever, depression, lymphadenopathy, and signs of neurologic dysfunction; petechial hemorrhages or other signs of hemorrhagic diathesis were evident only in a small proportion of cases. Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were more common in dogs with ehrlichiosis, whereas those with RMSF more often had leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Hypoalbuminemia was found in dogs with both diseases, but those with ehrlichiosis usually had concurrent hyperglobulinemia. High serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum cholesterol concentration, and low serum calcium concentration were more common in dogs with RMSF than with ehrlichiosis. Rising serum titers or positive direct immunofluorescence for Rickettsia rickettsii in skin biopsy specimens were used to confirm RMSF, whereas a single serum titer for Ehrlichia canis enabled detection of ehrlichiosis. In the absence of neurologic deficits and when dogs were treated with tetracycline, dogs with RMSF made a more rapid and consistent recovery than did dogs with ehrlichiosis.
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PMID:Rocky Mountain spotted fever in dogs and its differentiation from canine ehrlichiosis. 397 6

Nine elderly patients presented with features of a multisystem disorder thought to be either a connective tissue disease of undefined type or disseminated malignancy. Associated features were a normochromic anaemia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (or plasma viscosity) and raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels. None had symptoms to suggest either giant cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica. Temporal artery biopsy was performed before trial of corticosteroid therapy in four, and two showed giant cell arteritis. All nine responded dramatically to corticosteroids and the anaemias resolved. One died after 6 y, and the rest are well after 1 to 7 y.
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PMID:Steroid sensitive systemic disease with anaemia in the elderly: a manifestation of giant cell arteritis? 401 33

The relationships of 13 potential prognostic factors to objective response to treatment and survival time were investigated, using data gathered on 1,020 patients with advanced stage prostate cancer who have participated in the clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that previous hormone response status, analgesics, pain, elevated acid phosphatase, and anemia were the important, independent prognostic factors for objective response to treatment. For survival time, the significant prognostic factors were previous hormone response status, anorexia, elevated acid phosphatase, pain, elevated alkaline phosphatase, obstructive symptoms, tumor grade, performance status, anemia, and age at diagnosis. It is recommended that future treatment protocols for advanced stage prostate cancer take into account heterogeneity of the treatment groups with respect to these factors, either through the design of the protocol, or at the time of analysis.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in patients with advanced stage prostate cancer. 402 93


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