Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-eight patients with refractory anemia (RA) were retrospectively analyzed for their prognosis and subclassified into three groups: 12 patients with hematological improvement (A), 23 patients with no changes (B), and 13 patients with progression to RAEB or acute leukemia (C). For all patients, the median survival were 49.2 months, and the rate of leukemic transformation was 16%. The median survivals were 60.6, 32.1, and 17.9 months, respectively, for groups A, B and C. The factors indicating poor prognosis were low reticulocyte counts, low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity, low% red cell utilization, high M/E ratio, high blast percentage in the bone marrow and cytological abnormalities in the granulocyte and megakaryocyte series. By using multiple discriminant analysis, we obtained a formula for the prognostic estimation with a discrimination probability of 62.5%. This formula could predict either the patients with good (Y greater than 0.85) or poor (Y less than 0.59) prognosis, and might be useful to select the treatment for this intractable anemia at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:[Multiple discriminant analysis for prognosis of refractory anemia]. 194 20

Five of 23 patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were diagnosed to have bone marrow metastasis. They all had advanced local-regional disease, and were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and definitive radiotherapy after the initial diagnosis. Bone marrow metastasis developed 4-24 months later. The clinical features were anemia (5 of 5), leukopenia (3 of 5), thrombocytopenia (4 of 5), sepsis (3 of 5), tenderness of the sternum (3 of 5), and fever (4 of 5). Patients frequently had elevation of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), and IgG and IgA antibody titers to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen when bone marrow involvement was diagnosed. However, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests were not specific. It is important that three patients had normal bone scans. All five patients had a rapid downhill course; four patients died within 23 days, and the fifth 3 months after the diagnosis of bone marrow metastasis. We concluded that bone marrow was a common metastatic site in NPC patients. Bone marrow metastasis adversely affected patients' survival and required a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We suggested that bone marrow biopsy should be considered as a routine staging procedure in NPC patients and indicated especially when patients presented with abnormal blood counts, sepsis, bone pain, or tenderness of the sternum. It may be positive in the face of a normal bone scan.
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PMID:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with bone marrow metastasis. 198 43

2-Mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI), used in rubber processing, is a suspect carcinogen structurally related to ethylene thiourea. The inhalation toxicity of 2-MBI was evaluated in male and female F344/N rats exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/week to respirable aerosols generated by spray atomization of aqueous suspensions of the 2-MBI powder and subsequent drying of the resulting aerosols. Twelve exposures at target concentrations of 0, 6.3, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, or 100 mg/m3 of 2-MBI produced a dose-related reduction in body weight gains, thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia, adrenal cortex fatty change, and pituitary atrophy. Sub-chronic exposures were conducted at target concentrations of 0, 3.1, 6.2, 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg/m3 of 2-MBI. Rats at greater than or equal to 25 mg/m3 displayed hunched posture, hypoactivity, and reduced body weight gain, with compound related mortality at the highest exposure level. Anemia; increased SGPT, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, BUN, and cholesterol; and reduced free fatty acid were seen in rats at greater than or equal to 25 mg/m3. Increased thyroid weight and thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia were noted in both sexes at greater than or equal to 6.2 mg/m3, with reduced triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in both sexes at greater than or equal to 12.5 mg/m3. Thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia was also seen in rats at 3.1 mg/m3. Thymus weights were significantly reduced in both sexes at all exposure levels with liver weight increases at greater than or equal to 6.2 mg/m3. Exposure-related histopathologic changes included pituitary cytoplasmic vacuolization, adrenal cortex necrosis, lymphoid depletion, thymic atrophy, liver cell hypertrophy, renal mineralization and tubular atrophy, and hypocellularity of the bone marrow.
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PMID:Prechronic inhalation toxicity studies of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) in F344/N rats. 201 41

A 68-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of fatigue, rhinorrhoea, pruritic skin lesions, left pleural effusion, ascites, oedema and weight loss of 10 kg. Investigations revealed hepatosplenomegaly, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, anaemia, leucocytosis with eosinophilia, hypoprothrombinaemia, hypocholesterolaemia and elevation of both gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Biopsies of a skin lesion, bone marrow and liver revealed mast cell infiltration, allowing the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis (SM). Hydroxyzine plus ranitidine were given without success. Hydroxyzine treatment was stopped, and ketotifen was initiated; substantial symptomatic improvement was observed within 8 d. This case report indicates the effectiveness of ketotifen in the symptomatic treatment of SM.
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PMID:A case of systemic mastocytosis; therapeutic efficacy of ketotifen. 204 Aug 76

Lipopigment (LP) deposition was studied in a series of 36 control and 79 pathological spleens. In the control group the LP deposition in SSE was rudimentary and did not display age-dependence. A varying degree of lysosomal and cytoplasmic siderosis was a frequent finding in haemolytic anemia without any significant LP induction. In the acquired secondary storage syndrome and in some inherited lysosomal enzymopathies, the amount of LP in splenic sinus endothelium (SSE) was significantly increased and in some instances its deposition reached very high values. As deposition was not accompanied by any detectable lysosomal lipid storage phenomenon in pulpar histiocytes, the pigmentogenesis is thought to be by a process resembling that for lipofuscin. In ceroid-lipofuscinosis group the SSE affection was of low degree, as seen in other viscera. The LP deposition seems thus to be a prominent, albeit variable feature of human SSE lysosomal pathology and may represent a monotonous response to various stimuli connected with increased demands on the SSE lysosomal system. Only in some lysosomal enzymopathies, typically in sphingomyelinase deficiency was SSE LP deposited progressively and concurrently with the stored lipid. LP deposition was accompanied by an increase in lysosomal enzyme activities but lacked the alkaline phosphatase induction in SSE described in lipid and mucopolysaccharide storage diseases. This and several other features which are reviewed clearly distinguish SSE from the pulpar histiocytes with which they have been often identified.
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PMID:Deposition of lipopigment--a new feature of human splenic sinus endothelium (SSE). Ultrastructural and histochemical study. 210 29

Myelodysplastic syndromes (SMD) were studied in 58 patients (37 men, 21 women; mean age 61 years, range 18-81) who were grouped according to FAB criteria (Table 1). None of them showed a secondary SMD to medullary toxic agents or cytostatic treatments although 5 presented concomitant neoplastic disease. Morphologic alterations in peripheral blood smears and bone marrow were registered by 3 hematologists working independently. The intracellular and extracellular iron deposits were evaluated in every case with Perls; peroxidase activity was determined in 16 patients and intraleucocitary alkaline phosphatase reaction was carried out in 17 patients. Twenty five patients (43%) had refractory anemia (RA); 10 (17%) sideroblastic anemia; 13 (25%) refractory anemia with excess of blasts (AREB); 3 (5%) AREB in transformation (AREB-T) and 7 myelomonocytic leukemia (LMMC). Clinical manifestations at diagnosis are described in Table 2. In the observation period there were cases of anemia requiring transfusion, bacterial infections, muco-cutaneous hemorrhage and hemorrhagic episodes in the central nervous system. In the bone marrow smears the cellularity was normal or increased in 53 cases and diminished in only 3. The degree of dysplastic characteristics (erythroid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic) ranged from low to severe. It was low in most of AR, being the erythroid population the most affected in AS and the granulocytic one in AREB and AREB-T. Patients with LMMC showed similar characteristics to those with myeloproliferative syndromes and the differential diagnosis were sometimes difficult, accounting for their separate inclusion in Table 4. Out of 23 patients, 5 presented clonal pathology detected in cytogenetic studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Myelodysplastic syndrome: experience of the Study and Treatment of Bone Marrow Failure Group]. 213 Feb 4

Effect of malnutrition was studied on placentas of eighty-five malnourished mothers, taking the placentas of sixty-five well nourished mothers as control. Nutritional status of mothers were studied by estimation of haemoglobin, total R.B.C. count and serum protein. Mothers of the malnourished group, showed anaemia of normocytic, microcytic, a few macrocytic type and hypoproteinaemia. Their placentas were of lower weights and sizes than those of control group. Placentas of both the groups showed infarction, degenerative, calcification, fibrinoid necrosis of villi, intervillous fibrin deposition, villous fibrosis, syncytial knotting of villi and proliferation of Langhan's cell of the villi. But the extent and degree of these changes were much more in malnourished group than control group. Activities of the enzyme such as alkaline phosphatase and Glucose-6-phosphatase in placental villi were increased in malnourished group than those in control group. So it appears that placentas of malnourished mothers become underdeveloped having pathological changes greater in extent and degree than control group resulting in inadequate supply of nutrients from mother's blood to foetus blood.
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PMID:The effect of malnutrition on placenta. 213 98

We describe two patients suffering from a prolonged fever, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly. The spleen of both patients was grossly enlarged and the liver was moderately enlarged. The blood pictures were characterized by anemia and leukopenia to a severe degree, with moderate thrombocytopenia and moderate reticulocytosis. The serum transaminases were in the normal range, but the alkaline phosphatase was greatly increased. Splenectomy and wedge liver biopsies were performed on both patients. Histological findings of the spleen were variable. The histopathologic findings of the liver showed infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes, and neutrophils into the dilated hepatic sinusoids. The sinusoidal infiltrate was more prominent in zones 1 and 2 and less prominent in zone 3 of the acinus. Erythrocyte inclusions that were confirmed by immunohistochemical methods were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Electron microscopy revealed a penetration of erythrocytes into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and caused leakage of cytoplasmic contents into Disse's spaces and sinusoids.
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PMID:Intrahepatocellular erythrocyte inclusions with hepatic sinusoidal infiltrates and splenomegaly. 215 67

Reported are 2 cases of an advanced gastric cancer with a "diffuse carcinomatosis of the bone marrow" (DCMB) showing a widespread osteoplastic bone metastasis. In a DCBM, a widespread invasion of cancer cells to the bone marrow occurs, causing leukoerythroblastosis, anemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The local reaction in the bone, namely being osteoplastic or osteolytic, has not been discussed in previous papers. Our cases were characterized by an extremely high serum alkaline phosphatase, a "superscan" view of the bone scintigram, and a diffuse osteoplastic bone metastasis with an osteoid increase. Thus we think there are DCBM subtypes with a diffuse osteoplastic bone metastasis.
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PMID:[Two cases of advanced gastric cancer with diffuse carcinomatosis of the bone marrow showing a widespread osteoplastic bone metastasis]. 215 82

The prognostic value of some pretreatment blood tests was analysed in a follow-up study of 189 patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed in West-Norway between 1976 and 1985. At diagnosis 100 patients had stage III/IV disease. Five-year survival calculated with the life-table method was 12%. In univariate survival analyses significant prognostic factors were stage III/IV disease, weight loss, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and alkaline phosphatase, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis and anaemia. In multivariate survival analyses with the Cox's regression model stage III/IV disease, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, thrombocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significant prognostic factors. It is concluded that these blood analyses at diagnosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients may give additional prognostic information. The need for multivariate analyses is also demonstrated.
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PMID:Blood analyses as prognostic factors in primary lung cancer. 215 13


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