Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cultured cells from human colon adenocarcinoma spontaneously release structures which display an intense 31P NMR signal from RNA and mobile phospholipids. Furthermore, the DPH probe in the cell supernatant shows an intense fluorescence, thus indicating its insertion in lipid vesicles. The total membranes, prepared from the same cells, also release similar structures. The fatty acid chain signals from the mobile lipids, observable in the H NMR spectrum, and the fluorescence polarization of the DPH probe are strongly affected by RNAase digestion, thus indicating an association between RNA molecules and lipids. The enzymatic marker cytochrome c reductase was assayed to rule out possible contamination from endoplasmatic reticulum. A high alkaline phosphatase activity was instead found in the supernatant samples, thus indicating that the shed material is released by the plasma membrane.
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PMID:RNA-lipid complexes released from the plasma membrane of human colon carcinoma cells. 335 12

The cell of origin of uterine cervical cancer was studied by using culture, enzyme histochemistry and heterotransplantation. Twenty-seven epidermoid carcinomas (8 large cell keratinizing squamous, 12 large cell nonkeratinizing squamous and 7 small cell nonkeratinizing squamous) and 2 adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix were placed in culture. An outgrowth of carcinoma cells in vitro was observed in 22 of 29 cases: 6 keratinizing, 8 large cell nonkeratinizing and 6 small cell nonkeratinizing carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas. The squamous carcinomas showed a squamous-cell outgrowth pattern, except for one large cell nonkeratinizing and three small cell nonkeratinizing carcinomas that showed a glandular-cell outgrowth pattern. One of three keratinizing carcinomas was transplantable into the subcutis of BALB/c nude mice, producing keratinizing tumors; three of six large cell and one of three small cell nonkeratinizing carcinomas reproduced themselves, while the other two small cell carcinomas produced poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas in mice. The transplanted adenocarcinoma produced a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma resembling the original tumor. Small cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas contained a heat-stable, L-phenylalanine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that many uterine cervical cancers originate from the reserve cell.
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PMID:Cell biologic properties in explant culture and heterotransplantation of malignant uterine cervical cells. 342 54

Primary bile duct carcinoma is a malignancy with a poor prognosis, but recent diagnostic developments allow earlier detection and possibly improved chances for effective palliation or surgical cure. In order to increase the clinical understanding and awareness of this disorder, 43 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts were reviewed. The mean patient age was 63, and symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain, and pruritus were reported in a majority of patients. Documented weight loss, alcoholic stools, cutaneous icterus, and hepatomegaly were each present in a majority of patients. Serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase determinations were abnormal in 40 of 43 patients (93%), and cholangiography was the diagnostic study providing the most discriminating information. Locally invasive disease and biliary obstruction was the major cause of morbidity and mortality, and there was only one surgical cure. These data suggest that cholangiography and nonsurgical techniques for biliary drainage should be employed in most patients who are not optimal surgical candidates.
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PMID:Primary adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts. Clinical characteristics and natural history. 352 44

Colorectal epithelium is composed of a variety of cell types, including absorptive, mucous and endocrine cells. All of these cell types are thought to arise from stem cells located at the base of the crypt. However, the factors which control these differentiation pathways are poorly understood. In attempts to establish differentiated in vitro systems, one approach has been to grow primary human colorectal adenocarcinomas as cell lines. Some of these cell lines retain a sufficient number of the differentiated features of their tissue of origin to make them useful experimental systems for studying differentiation. This study describes the characterisation of such a cell line, the HRA-19 line. HRA-19 cells were derived from a primary human rectal adenocarcinoma. The cells grew as monolayers in vitro on tissue-culture plastic and remained pleomorphic even after 150 passages in vitro. Some colonies of cells expressed alkaline phosphatase activity, an enzyme normally expressed in vivo by absorptive cells of the upper crypt and surface epithelium. No evidence of differentiation into goblet or endocrine cells was obtained in monolayer cultures of HRA-19 cells. Xenografts of this cell line contained cells with the ultrastructural characteristics of absorptive and endocrine cells. These endocrine cells exhibited Grimelius silver staining, displayed formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and contained many basally located, electron-dense granules. When grown as monolayers, clones of this cell line retained the heterogeneity with respect to morphology and alkaline phosphatase expression of the parent cell line. It is proposed that this cell line is derived from malignant progenitor cells which retain the ability to differentiate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Endocrine differentiation by a human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HRA-19). 356 97

Fifty-eight patients with bone metastasis from gastric cancer, of whom 33 patients were resected cases and 25 were autopsies, were investigated. The incidence of bone metastasis of gastric cancer was 13.4% (33/246) among autopsies and was higher than that (1.5%, 33/2242) among resected cases. We attempted to clarify the factors related to bone metastasis by clinicopathological study. Bone metastasis had a tendency to occur in invasive cancer such as Borrmann types three or four. Histological examination revealed that 86% (50/58) of bone metastasis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and that the stroma was scirrhous type in almost all cases. We measured serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with bone metastasis of recurrent gastric cancer, and found that the levels were relatively related to the condition of bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of patients with bone metastasis was not good and the mean survival time was about 5 months after the appearance of symptoms. In our department, we employ total body hyperthermia in such cases. This method has proved relatively effective for bone metastasis, as reflected by bone scintigram and changes in serum alkaline phosphatase values. As there is no reliable method of treatment for bone metastasis of gastric cancer, the present approach may be worth trying.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study of gastric cancer with bone metastasis]. 359 11

A retrospective review was undertaken to determine the influence of preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels on the prognosis of patients who had undergone resection of liver metastasis from colorectal adenocarcinoma at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. From March 1967 to March 1985, 26 patients underwent laparotomy who were thought to have solitary liver metastasis. Twenty of these patients were divided into two groups: group A consisted of seven patients who survived at least 24 months without any evidence of disease and were free of disease at the time of this report. Group B consisted of 13 patients who recurred or died from metastases following liver resection. The preoperative levels of alkaline phosphatase clearly showed that an elevated level before surgery was associated with a poor prognosis in the majority of cases. In group A only one of seven patients had an elevated level where seven of 13 patients in group B had elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels. In conclusion, preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels may be helpful in determining the prognosis of patients considered for curative resection of solitary liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:The prognostic value of preoperative alkaline phosphatase for resection of solitary liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. 362 87

Two patients with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, whose distribution was exclusively confined to the fundic gland area, are presented herein. The first, a 51-year-old male, had been treated for pernicious anemia for 14 years when he was found to have gastric cancer. His serum gastrin level was quite high, whereas his gastric acid output was markedly low. The polypoid cancer in the fornix of the stomach, which had been removed endoscopically, revealed tubular adenocarcinoma with its invasion limited to the mucosa. The resected stomach showed no residual carcinoma but had numerous minute foci of intestinal metaplasia, diffusely distributed but exclusively confined to the fundic gland area, by macroscopic observation using the leucine aminopeptidase-alkaline phosphatase double staining method. The intestinal metaplasias were all of the complete type, and the parietal and chief cells were almost completely lost. The second patient, a 76-year-old male without pernicious anemia, underwent total gastrectomy for two polypoid cancers in the body of the stomach. The resected specimens, in addition to two hyperplastic polyps in the transitional area, showed the same distribution of intestinal metaplasia as seen in the first patient.
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PMID:Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach confined to the fundic gland area. Report of two cases. 368 36

The Ca1 antibody was used in an alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical method on cells obtained from 150 specimens of pleural and ascitic fluids. The results were compared with the routine cytology report based on the light microscopical appearances. The Ca1 antibody identified tumour cells in 51 of 57 specimens with malignant cells. The exceptions were four small cell carcinomas, one malignant lymphoma, and one adenocarcinoma. A further seven specimens reported as containing atypical cells but without conclusive evidence of malignancy were Ca1 positive. The Ca1 antibody did not give a positive reaction with benign mesothelial cells. Similar results were obtained with the HMFG2 antibody and malignant cells, but in eight of 18 benign effusions it reacted with mesothelial cells.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical reaction of Ca1 and HMFG2 monoclonal antibodies with cells from serous effusions. 388 82

The distribution of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) on normal and abnormal endometrial tissue was studied as a method for distinguishing atypical hyperplasia from adenocarcinoma. Histological sections from 47 patients (nine adenocarcinoma, nine atypical hyperplasia, nine cystic hyperplasia, 19 normal endometrium and one sarcoma) were studied with an immunocytochemical alkaline phosphatase technique that demonstrated EMA. At a dilution of 1:1000 the majority of normal tissue was negative whereas all the abnormal tissue stained positively. At a slightly higher dilution all adenocarcinomas expressed the antigen although only a few of the hyperplastic lesions (16%) stained with the antibody. The value of this approach for automated screening is discussed.
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PMID:Distribution of epithelial membrane antigen in normal and abnormal endometrial tissue. 391 81

Clinical features of severe opisthorchiasis were studied in 88 patients. The ratio of males to females was 6.3 : 1; 75% were over 40 years old. The presenting symptoms were obstructive jaundice, 25% associated with secondary infection of biliary system; cholangitis and cholecystitis; intraabdominal mass, which was enlarged liver; 18% had palpable gallbladder; 18% had adenocarcinoma of the bile duct. High bilirubin was found in 46% of cases, high alkaline phosphatase in 80%; elevation of serum transaminase in 78% and low serum albumin in 62% of patients. There was no correlation between severity of the disease and the faecal egg output. The obstructive jaundice patients had low or no egg output. Two patients had no eggs in stool, but numerous Opisthorchis viverrini eggs and flukes were found in the gallbladder and bile ducts at operation.
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PMID:Clinical features in severe opisthorchiasis viverrini. 409 5


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