Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors have used a sensitive alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline-phosphatase immunohistochemical method to examine 28 human pulmonary carcinomas for the presence of renin. Immunoreactive renin was found in 23 (82%) cases. Specific staining was always associated with small vessels in the stroma of the tumor or in adjacent areas of inflamed fibrous tissue. Within vessels, renin was localized in the cytoplasm of medial cells. Adenocarcinoma exhibited the most consistent staining (11/12 cases), and this appeared to be independent of the degree of tumor differentiation. Immunoreactive renin was also detected in squamous cell (7/8 cases), undifferentiated large cell (4/4 cases), and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (1/1 cases), but the number of vessels and intensity of staining were usually less than seen in adenocarcinoma. Staining was not found in the bronchioloalveolar variant of adenocarcinoma (0/3 cases). By means of immunoaffinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised to kidney renin, both active and inactive renin were extracted from homogenates of surgical specimens. The molecular weight of both forms of renin was approximately 59,000 daltons.
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PMID:Renin in blood vessels in human pulmonary tumors. An immunohistochemical and biochemical study. 245 Apr 64

Sodium selenite was administered to the rats bearing subcutaneously transplanted adenocarcinoma. The following determinations were carried out in serum: gamma-glutamyl transferase, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and its placental isoform, haptoglobin, protein- and lipid-bound sialic acid. Changes observed in catalytic activities and concentrations of the examined parameters could be ascribed rather to the presence of the tumor than to the effect of the selenium treatment.
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PMID:Enzymes and acute phase reactants in serum of selenium treated rats bearing adenocarcinoma. 245 7

The authors have used two immunoalkaline phosphatase methods to study nonhematopoietic tumor tissues of four patients, one each with alveolar cell carcinoma of the lung, renal cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, and colon carcinoma. They found, regardless of specific antibodies used, definite enzyme activity in the tumor cells of these four patients. Although it was possible to determine that the tumor cells were epithelial in origin because of their intense staining with antibodies to epithelial cell antigens, control slides labeled with nonimmune mouse ascites also contained cells with definite enzyme activity. In two of these cases, unlabeled smears were stained for alkaline phosphatase and showed that the tumor cells contained endogenous levamisole-resistant enzyme activity. This endogenous enzyme activity is not demonstrable in either the benign cells of these cases or the benign or malignant cells of other control cases. The findings suggest that the immunoalkaline phosphatase methods also have their inherent endogenous enzymic problems. They also suggest that cytochemical demonstration of levamisole-resistant alkaline phosphatase may be a useful cell marker for the identification of tumor cells in serous effusions.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of levamisole-resistant alkaline phosphatase in cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry. 246 83

A 69-year-old man initially came to our hospital with the chief complaint of dysuria and hematuria. On rectal examination, the prostate gland was found to be grossly enlarged and rock hard in consistency. Abnormal laboratory data included: lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and prostatic acid phosphatase. Chest X-ray revealed multiple nodular lesions in both lung fields. Pathologic findings of the prostate needle biopsy revealed moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Early combined hormonal and chemotherapy (adriamycin, TGF, methotrexate, bleomycin) was performed. After two courses of this regimen, the pulmonary lesions vanished completely. In addition, partial disappearance of osteoblastic lesions on bone scans was recognized.
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PMID:[Lung metastases of prostatic cancer vanished by early combined hormonal and chemotherapy: report of a case]. 247 5

This report describes the case of a 69-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon who developed heterotopic ossification in a metastatic axillary lymph node. The areas of pathologic bone formation were characterized by the appearance of osteoblast-like cells at the surfaces of the mineral deposits. Immunostaining for alkaline phosphatase revealed a significant concentration of this enzyme in these cells and, to a lesser degree, on the apical membrane of the glandular cells of the adenocarcinoma adjacent to the ossification centers. Proliferating mesenchymal cells in close proximity to the areas of osteogenesis also showed significant immunolabeling. We conclude that metastatic colonic carcinoma can promote heterotopic ossification, and that alkaline phosphatase is intimately associated with bone formation under these pathologic conditions.
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PMID:Heterotopic ossification: a case report and immunohistochemical observations. 249 56

1. Two monoclonal antibodies, MA54 and MA61, were established by immunizing with culture medium supernatants of a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, and a double determinants sandwich enzyme immunoassay system (MKS-15) was developed by using these two monoclonal antibodies. The antigen recognized by this assay (CA54/61) was found in the sera of 54% of all ovarian cancer cases and 55% of mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma cases, but in 4% of benign ovarian cystoadenoma cases: 85% of ovarian cancers were positive by the combination assay of MA 54/61 and CA125, indicating the clinical usefulness of CA54/61. 2. Galactosyl transferase isozyme II (GT-II) was assayed by a newly developed system, and it was found that 74% of ovarian cancers were positive and the value GT-II was very high in 6 of 9 mesonephroid cases, indicating its histological type specificity. 3. Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was assayed by two kinds of newly developed EIA kits, and it was found that PLAP was high in more than 50% of serous cystoadenocarcinomas, but in 7% of benign ovarian tumors, indicating its cancer specificities.
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PMID:[The usefulness and limitation of sugar antigen in ovarian cancers--with special reference to a new tumor marker, CA54/61]. 249 63

A permanent human neoplastic cell line, DO-s, was established from ascites of a patient with a well-differentiated mucinous cyst-adenocarcinoma of the ovary. This cell line grew as vermiform, floating colonies of epithelial cells in culture. The karyotype of DO-s was of a human female; the chromosome number ranged from 54 to 66 with several abnormalities, mainly trisomy. Epithelial-like character was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and by the presence of cytokeratin. Inoculation of DO-s cells i.p. or s.c. in athymic nude mice resulted in, respectively, ascites and xenografts. Light and electron microscopical analysis of cultured cells and xenografts demonstrated that the cell line was derived of a mucinous adenocarcinoma biopsy. Tumor-associated antigens, cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), human milk fat globulin, and human placental alkaline phosphatase were expressed by cells in culture and in xenografts. Modulation of the antigens, CA 125 and human milk fat globulin, occurred in DO-s cells growing in athymic mice. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histochemical analysis showed that more than 50% of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes present in DO-s cells had the characteristics of human placental alkaline phosphatase and placental alkaline phosphatase-like alkaline phosphatase (AP), but fractions of intestinal AP and nonspecific AP (bone-liver-kidney) were also present. The expression of AP isoenzymes could be induced by an enhancement of the serum supplement in the culture media, and by dexamethasone, sodium butyrate, and bromodeoxyuridine. This line will be a valuable tool in studying the therapeutic effects of antibodies to tumor-associated antigens or other agents for ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a human ovarian neoplastic cell line, DO-s. 254 14

Suramin, a drug used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis inhibits growth factor-induced mitogenesis. In the present report, we show that suramin inhibits the growth of human colic adenocarcinoma cells HT29-D4 and rapidly induces their differentiation into enterocyte-like cells. As soon as 6 days after the addition of suramin (100 micrograms/ml) in the culture medium, the cells form a polarized monolayer of regular columnar cells with occluding junctions delimiting two distinct membrane domains (apical and basolateral) and an apical brush-border expressing alkaline phosphatase and sucrase-isomaltase. The process of differentiation is fully reversible when the drug is removed from the culture medium. We also show that suramin inhibits both glucose consumption and lactate production so that the glycolytic activity of the treated cells is lowered by 42%. This observation would shed some light on the complex mechanisms involved during the induction of HT29 cell differentiation when glucose is removed from the culture medium.
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PMID:Suramin inhibits cell growth and glycolytic activity and triggers differentiation of human colic adenocarcinoma cell clone HT29-D4. 265 7

The individual and combined effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on inhibition of cell growth and initiation of enterocytic differentiation were investigated in established HT-29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone caused some growth restriction but failed to induce differentiation of HT-29 carcinoma cells into a more benign enterocytic phenotype, as assessed by the appearance of mucin-producing colonocytes (goblet cells), increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and the generation of flat foci. NaB, in contrast, produced considerable biochemical and morphologic differentiation along the enterocyte maturation pathway. Combined exposure of HT-29 cells to both NaB and 1,25-(OH)2D3, however, significantly augmented the frequency of differentiated colonocytes, growth inhibition, extent of goblet cell maturation attained, in vitro "differentiation" response of human carcinoma cells is a complex process which, like normal cell maturation within the colonic crypts in vivo, is modulatable (both qualitatively and quantitatively) as a function of inducer composition.
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PMID:Enhancement of butyrate-induced differentiation of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 268 49

After an explanation of alternative treatment modalities, 30 patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma chose to have no treatment. Fourteen patients (47 percent) had synchronous liver metastases and 16 (53 percent) had metachronous lesions. Thirteen of the 30 patients (43 percent) had histologic documentation of liver metastases, with the remaining 17 patients diagnosed by liver scan, ultrasonography, or computerized axial tomography. Twenty-four of 30 patients (80%) had less than 25 percent liver involvement (Stage I), 23 of 24 patients had alkaline phosphatase levels less than twice normal, and 20 of 24 patients were asymptomatic from their liver metastases. The remaining six patients had liver stages II or III at the time of diagnosis. Overall mean survival of the 30 reported patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer to liver is 16 months (range, 2 to 58 months; median survival, 12 months).
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PMID:No treatment option for liver metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma. 275 58


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