Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to produce large liver tumors reliably, and to diagnose the tumors during development. Therefore, New Zealand white rabbits were treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine orally three times per week by gavage and were examined by clinical-chemical assay at regular intervals during the average treatment period of 14 months. The total cumulative dose was 1200 mg N-nitrosodiethylamine over 14 months. After a short treatment period the initial dose of 3 mg/kg had to be reduced to 1.5 mg/kg. In all 11 treated animals (100%) liver tumors were seen at the end of the study. Four control animals did not show any neoplastic changes. Clinical parameters investigated were for an assessment of liver function, total protein, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin and neuraminic acid as well as some serum electrolytes. The in vivo diagnosis of liver tumors based on changes in these parameters proved to be relatively unreliable. The liver enzyme tests and urea concentration only yielded significant changes when the liver tumors were very large. Changes in neuraminic acid levels were the most reliable indicator for the presence of a liver tumor in this animal model. In the 11 treated animals, serum values of this marker increased towards the end of the study by an average of 300 mg/dl. The induced tumors were mainly hepatocellular carcinomas. Only in 1 animal was a hepatocellular adenoma found. Further primary tumors diagnosed were six adenomas in the kidneys and two uterus adenomas, as well as nasal cavity tumors (two papillomas, one carcinoma, one adenoma and one adenocarcinoma). In 70% of the treated rabbits the hepatocellular carcinomas had metastasized to the lungs.
...
PMID:Diethylnitrosamine-induced metastasizing hepatocellular carcinomas in New Zealand white rabbits. A tumor model for clinical investigations. 200 10

Rectal palpation of a 30-year-old mixed-breed mare with chronic weight loss and intermittent, refractory abdominal pain revealed a mass in the right caudoventral portion of the abdomen. Hematologic and serum biochemical findings were normal except for slight mature neutrophilia and mildly high alkaline phosphatase activity and total bilirubin concentration. Cytologic examination of a specimen obtained by abdominocentesis revealed equal numbers of nondegenerative neutrophils and macrophages, but no evidence of neoplastic cells. The mare continued to have signs of abdominal discomfort and was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed a large mass at the junction of the right dorsal colon and transverse colon, and several smaller masses in the liver. Histologic characteristics of the small-colon mass were consistent with colonic adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia.
...
PMID:Colonic adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia in a horse. 201 37

A case is presented of a 57-year-old male patient who underwent total gastrectomy due to gastric adenocarcinoma. During the postoperative period the patient required long-term parenteral nutrition due to a high-debit GI fistula (over 700 ml/day) and sepsis. Two months after parenteral nutrition was started, the patients presented irritability, mucocutaneous lesions and progressive bolding. Serum alkaline phosphatase and zinc levels were lower than normal, although a supplemental 0.03 mg/k/day of zinc was administered. Faced with this zinc deficiency picture, 10 mg zinc sulfate was administered parenterally on a daily basis. The deficiency picture improved markedly over a week's period, and serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase levels returned to normal. The importance of zinc balance control in patients under long-term parenteral nutrition and high fluid debit through GI fistulas is highlighted.
...
PMID:[Zinc deficiency caused by postgastrectomy fistula with high flow in a patient undergoing prolonged parenteral nutrition]. 212 25

We established seven hybridomas secreting murine IgG monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). The seven hybridomas were designated (1) 7C6, (2) 6G10, (3) 5B9, (4) 6D5, (5) 6B5, (6) 11G6 and (7) 3E10, respectively. The characteristics of these hybridomas were evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with 125I-PLAP. Their reactivity with the intestinal alkaline phosphatase, one of the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, was (1) 0.04, (2) 0.2, (3) 1.4, (4) 1.8, (5) 0, (6) 4.0 and (7) 6.2(%), respectively. None of them showed signs of cross-reactivity with the liver-type alkaline phosphatase, also one of the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, within a PLAP concentration of 2,000 IU/l. The subtype of 5B9 was IgG1, and that of the others was IgG2a. We then used 7C6, to develop a sensitive, specific and convenient enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the determination of PLAP, and assayed sera from patients with various gynecologic diseases. The incidence of increased PLAP was 6.4% in patients with benign diseases, 21.5% in cervical cancer, 36.4% in endometrial carcinoma, and 39.5% in malignant ovarian tumors. The specificity for malignant diseases seemed to be higher than that of CA125. Among endometrial carcinomas, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma had the highest incidence of an increased concentration. Among malignant ovarian tumors, serous cystadenocarcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, dysgerminoma and Krukenberg's tumor showed a higher incidence than the other types.
...
PMID:Establishment of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to placental alkaline phosphatase and development of an enzyme immunoassay for its determination. 220 81

The authors developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). Four specific MoAb reacting only with PLAP and two nonspecific MoAb reacting equally with isozymes of alkaline phosphatase (hepatic, intestinal, and placental) were obtained. Immunohistochemical staining with the specific MoAb showed that the cell membrane and cytoplasm of cancer cells were stained in gastric and colorectal carcinoma. The incidence of PLAP positivity was 23% (25 of 107) of all gastric carcinomas. Among gastric carcinomas, the 42% (13 of 31) positivity of highly differentiated carcinoma (papillary adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma) was a significantly higher rate than that found in poorly differentiated carcinoma (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma, five of 41, 12%). The incidence of PLAP positivity was 11% (four of 35) in colorectal carcinoma. In contrast, gastric adenoma, intestinal metaplasia, and noncancerous tissue adjacent to cancer did not show staining. These results indicated that expression of PLAP was apt to occur in more highly differentiated gastric carcinoma and was highly specific for carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract, although its incidence was not high.
...
PMID:Expression of placental alkaline phosphatase in gastric and colorectal cancers. An immunohistochemical study using the prepared monoclonal antibody. 224 98

The radioimmunotherapeutic potential of 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies was investigated in 36 nude mice (BALB/c nu/nu) inoculated s.c. with the HeLa Hep 2 human adenocarcinoma cell line. The membrane bound tumour associated antigen placental alkaline phosphatase and several intracellular cytokeratins served as targets for the antibodies. The specific radioactivity in each organ was determined after i.p. injection of the 131I-labeled antibodies (0.2-0.3 mg, approximately 15 MBq/animal), and high localization to the tumours was seen. Significant growth inhibition was observed after injection of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibody H7 against the placental alkaline phosphatase, which reduced the tumour growth to only 12% during a 3 week period compared to a growth of more than 100% for the controls. Animal weight losses were seen. Synthesis of endogenous antibodies to the target antigens was found to be significant. Morphometric evaluation of the relations between stroma, tumour cells and necrotic areas in the tumours after radioimmunotherapy demonstrated a significant increase of the mean relative connective tissue volume and a significant decreased mean of relative volume of tumour cells in the group treated with iodinated antiplacental alkaline phosphatase antibody. This therapeutic principle is encouraging and may offer new possibilities for future treatment of some malignant diseases.
...
PMID:Experimental radioimmunotherapy of HeLa tumours in nude mice with 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies. 234 12

The HeLa TCRC-1 human adenocarcinoma cell line expresses a form of alkaline phosphatase that is similar to the common S-variant of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, catalytic properties, and reactivity with polyclonal antibodies. More sensitive probes of changes in protein structure than polyclonal antibodies are monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which recognize individual antigenic sites on molecules. Therefore, we produced MAbs to HeLa TCRC-1 cells and selected those which bound to the alkaline phosphatase expressed by the cancer cells. Seven MAbs were obtained and characterized by (a) fine specificity analysis using allelic variants of PLAP and other human alkaline phosphatase isozymes, (b) immunoglobulin isotype, and (c) relative binding affinities to PLAP from two sources, placental tissue and HeLa TCRC-1 cells. The seven MAbs bind the enzymes from both sources with equal affinity indicating a high degree of structural homology if not identity between the normal S-variant of PLAP and its cancer-associated counterpart. We note that most of the MAbs to cancer cell surface-bound PLAP express either Ig (immunoglobulin) G2a or IgG2b heavy-chain isotypes, a higher incidence of these classes of IgG than has been observed with the purified and soluble PLAP immunogen which yields MAbs predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Finally, some of these antibodies, like the ones prepared from purified PLAP, recognize differences between allelic variants.
...
PMID:Evidence for homology of normal and neoplastic human placental alkaline phosphatases as determined by monoclonal antibodies to the cancer-associated enzyme. 240 48

A case of advanced gastric carcinoma in a 47-year-old man with widespread metastasis of generalized bone and associated with high serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is reported. Macroscopically, the primary tumor was Borrmann type IV. Microscopically, it showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Bone metastasis, however, showed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. These lesions did not manifest conspicuous trophoblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that hCG-positive cells were observed sporadically in the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis, but remarkably in the bone metastasis. Cancer cells in the lymph nodes were positively stained by modified Burstone's ALP staining. The serum levels of hCG and ALP fluctuated with the clinical course. Therefore, the authors concluded that this gastric carcinoma produced hCG and ALP.
...
PMID:[Gonadotropin and alkaline phosphatase-producing gastric carcinoma with widespread metastasis to the bones]. 241 70

The most common diagnoses of transhepatic cholangiography (THC) among 58 surgical patients were pancreatic adenocarcinoma, choledocholithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. THC was complicated in 17 of 58 patients or 18 of 68 attempts due to bacteremia or fever in four, subcapsular hematoma in two and Ring catheter shearing and apical pneumothorax in one each. THC related deaths occurred in four patients. In uncomplicated THC, the mean hematocrit value decreased from 35.9 +/- 5.8 (n = 39) to 34.1 +/- 4.8 (n = 39) (p less than 0.02). Of THC attempts, 8.8 per cent failed; before THC, ultrasonography (UTZ) in most of these showed no dilation of the bile ducts. THC showing dilated ducts had a significantly higher (p less than 0.01) bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels (14.8 +/- 8.7 milligrams per cent, n = 46 and 414 +/- 283.9 units, n = 46) compared with the THC showing no dilation (5.29 +/- 5.45 milligrams per cent, n = 13 and 235 +/- 294.1 units, n = 13). Of the 30 patients given ampicillin and gentamicin before THC, only three had bacteremia develop; two of six who were untreated and nine of 47 of those pretreated with other antibiotics had bacteremia develop. Of seven instances of stones of the common bile duct found at operation, computed tomography diagnosed zero of seven; UTZ, two of seven, and THC, seven of seven. No THC gave a misleading diagnosis. Eighteen palliative transhepatic drains were attempted with the THC (15 successfully). A significant (p less than 0.01) 50 per cent decrease in the bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels were obtained by catheter drainage but neither test returned to normal. THC is not a benign procedure and should be done only if bilirubin or alkaline phosphatase, or both, are elevated above 5 milligrams per cent and 200 units, respectively, and UTZ shows dilated biliary ducts. Pretreatment with antibiotics and operating room availability are important to limit THC morbidity.
...
PMID:Patient selection and complications of transhepatic cholangiography. 244 23

Reported here is a 38-year-old woman who had a gastric cancer accompanied with liver metastasis. Abnormal serum levels of a carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and an alkaline phosphatase isozyme were observed persistently after a gastrectomy. The properties of this alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme were identical to a hepatoma alkaline phosphatase type. Histologic findings of the stomach revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient died on the 180th postoperative day.
...
PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and hepatoma alkaline phosphatase in gastric carcinoma]. 245 Feb 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---