Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regan isoenzyme, variant alkaline phosphatase, and alpha-fetoprotein were found in the serum of a patient with gastric cancer. The histology of the tumor was tubular adenocarcinoma. There were metastases in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, but not in the liver. The liver was normal microscopically, with no evidence of bile duct obstruction. alpha-Fetoprotein in the tumor tissue was detected by immunoprecipitation reaction in agar. Regan isoenzyme and variant alkaline phosphatase were also detected in the tumor tissue and total alkaline phosphatase activity of the tissue was very high. These findings suggested their tumor origin.
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PMID:Occurrence of alpha-fetoprotein, Regan isoenzyme, and variant alkaline phosphatase in the serum of a patient with gastric cancer. 5 76

Electron-histochemical study of phosphohydrolases (ATPase, acid and alkaline phosphatases) in cells of the normal gastric mucosa, duodenal mucosa and gastric adenocarcinoma of man was carried out. In cancer cells retaining to a certain extent the ultrastructural features of the chief cells, parietal cells of enterocytes, the distribution of the product of reaction for ATPase and acid phosphatase in nucleoli, endoplasmic reticulum membranes, intracellular cannaliculi, plasmalemma, mitochondria, the distribution of the product of reaction for ATPase and acid phosphatase in nucleoli, tural features of enterocytes, no activity of alkaline phosphatase could be demonstrated in membranes of the villi of the striated border. Alongside with the retention or disappearance of electron-histochemical features, some of them may be enhanced. Thus, the activity of acid phosphatase was increased in lysosomes of cancer cells (of the type of chief cells). So, in cancer cells of adenocarcinoma the structure-functional rearrangement going in different directions is observed in addition to the process of simplification and unification.
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PMID:[Electron-microscopic histochemistry of phosphohydrolases in the normal mucosa and in the cells of human gastric adenocarcinoma]. 14 57

Using the simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase could be separated 5 isozyme bands in various digestive diseases, consisting of 54 cases of gastric cancer, 11 of colonic cancer, 12 of hepatoma, 4 of cholangioma, 14 of pancreatic cancer, 81 of benign hepatobilliary diseases, 13 of cancers of other organs and 61 of control. The obtained results were as follows: 1) The electrophoretic analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase showed the specific band remaining at the origin, already reported as "alkaline phosphatase O", in primary and metastatic cancer of the liver and cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cancerous metastasis to the liver, and it was also inclined to be positive with the progress of liver metastasis among them. 2) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was usually found in higher frequency in blood group B and O than in the others, and it was apt to disappear in gastric or colonic cancer with an exacerbation of its cancerous lesions. 3) Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 10% of gastric or colonic cancer, all of which were histologically proved to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-Pase) isozyme in gastric and colonic cancer (using a simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 21 41

Adenocarcinomas that arise from primary or secondary prostatic ducts have distinctive histopathologic features. The age of patients, symptoms, findings on digital rectal examination and determinations of serum acid and alkaline phosphatase are similar to those of patients with acinic carcinomas. Carcinomas of secondary ducts may be less responsive to endocrine manipulation and of greater malignancy than carcinomas of primary ducts. The course and survival of patients with ductal carcinomas treated conservatively are poor.
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PMID:Prostatic adenocarcinoma of ductal origin. 21 63

The cytomorphologic and cytochemical investigation of 59 samples of pleural and peritoneal effusions with malignant tumor cells was performed and the results were compared. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in most cases. The cytomorphologic method gave very good results not only in the determination of malignant tumor cells but also in the differentiation of various kinds of tumors. A diagnosis was made of differentiated carcinoma (adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma) in 40 cases, undifferentiated carcinoma in five, sarcoma or hemoblastosis in nine and undifferentiated malignant tumor in five cases. The results of cytochemical reactions investigated demonstrated a significant difference between the cells of carcinoma and sarcoma, and in various kinds of carcinoma the most important difference was found between the positive reaction of the alkaline phosphatase and negative reaction of the acid phosphatase in the cells of ovarina and uterine carcinoma. Although we consider the morphologic examination of effusions the most important for the diagnosis of malignancy, the cytochemical methods can sometimes be helpful in a more precise differentiation.
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PMID:The results of some cytochemical reactions in metastatic malignant tumor cells in pleural and peritoneal effusions. 26 48

It is rather seldom to detect a cancer of the common bile duct at the non-icteric stage of the disease. This report presents a non-icteric case of carcinoma of the choledochus. A 70-year-old woman complained of r-hypochondralgia with occasional fever. Laboratory examination revealed an increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity without any elevation of serum bilirubin content. The oral cholecystography failed to visualize the gallbladder. By endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a bilateral filling defect was demonstrated at the common bile duct. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and the resected specimen showed a 1 X 2 cm tumor (adenocarcinoma) at the choledochus. She is now in good health over 13 months after operation.
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PMID:A case of carcinoma of the common bile duct, diagnosed at the non-icteric stage of the disease. 60 73

Percutaneous liver biopsies were performed on twenty-two patients with locally unresectable adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas within a median of six weeks of laparotomy. Three patients (13 per cent) had positive biopsies obtained either blindly or at peritoneoscopy. Of these three patients, two had elevations in either alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, or hepatic transaminase levels, and one of these two patients had an abnormal liver-spleen scintigram. Liver biopsies are recommended for all patients being evaluated for pancreatic resection either pre- or intraoperatively.
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PMID:The role of percutaneous liver biopsy in the pretreatment evaluation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 62 94

The activity and distribution of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, beta-glucuronidase, and aminopeptidase were examined in the transplantable R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma and compared with those in the four prostatic lobes of the rat. Both the well and poorly differentiated tumor cells in R-3327 carcinoma were characterized by high activities of beta-glucuronidase and aminopeptidase. The poorly differentiated cells had a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The enzymatic profile of the R-3327 adenocarcinoma closely resembled that of the anterior and dorsal prostate. The origin of the tumor in one of these prostatic lobes is probable, but not certain.
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PMID:Enzyme activity and distribution in rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. 63 35

Activities of the lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin B1 (CBI), beta-glucuronidase, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, as well as sialyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and placenta-like alkaline phosphatase, were determined on blind-coded serums from 99 women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero and 40 unexposed subjects of comparable age range. Cathepsin B1 averaged 100%, 1040% (P less than 0.001), 2720 % (P less than 0.001), and 4760% (P less than 0.001) of controls in DES-exposed women with no genital tract abnormalities (N = 11), adenosis (N = 68), adenosis with concomitant dysplasia (N = 15), and clear-cell adenocarcinoma (N = 5), respectively. The later two groups also exhibited 0.01). Activities of the other four enzymes in serums of DES-exposed women were unchanged from those controls, suggesting that alterations in CBI were not due to generalized increases in lysosomal membrane instability or other gross cellular damage. In 2 DES-exposed women with clear-cell adenocardinoma, from whom serial samples were available, preoperative levels of serum CBl fell from a mean of 4280% to values indistinguishable from controls by 7--12 days after tumor excision, concurrently with objective signs of remission. Recrudescence of serum CBI levels preceded by at least 3 months clinical evidence of persistent adenosis accompanied by vaginal dysplasia. Although the nature of the increments in CBI-like activity in the majority of subjects with DES-related pathology remains to be determined, the findings may complement present methods of physical diagnosis and prognosis.
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PMID:Elevated serum cathepsin B1 and vaginal pathology after prenatal DES exposure. 70 88

A spontaneous papillary adenocarcinoma was found in the lung of an A/St female mouse 20 months of age, and its transplantable line forming bone and chondroid tissue was established. The basic patterns changed from papillary adenocarcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma or a fibrosarcoma-like pattern through tubular adenocarcinoma. Osseous tissue appeared in the 1st transplant generation and increased with serial transplantations. In the 5th transplant generation, abundant osseous tissue was seen, a fibrosarcoma-like pattern became predominant and chondroid tissue appeared. Morphologically, the fibrosarcoma-like pattern was proved to be epithelial in nature. Marked alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated in the spindle-shaped tumor cells, and the activity obviously elevated in the serum of hosts bearing tumors which included more spindle-shaped cells and osseous tissues than chondroid ones. It is presumed that the osseous and chondroid tissues formed by carcinoma cells did not result from metaplasia in the strict sense of the word but rather from pseudometaplasia or metamorphosis.
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PMID:A transplantable pulmonary tumor line in mouse forming bone and chondroid tissue. 80 91


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