Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper addresses the role of transcriptional regulation in the determination of the levels of expression of different interferon-alpha subtypes secreted from Namalwa cells following infection with Sendai virus. Using RT-PCR to determine the relative abundance of mRNA species coding for the various subtypes, we found a general correlation with corresponding protein levels, indicative of a role for transcriptional control in the determination of levels of individual subtypes. We have used reporter gene constructs to compare the inducibility of the virus-response elements from the IFNA1, A2, A4, and A14 subtype genes cloned upstream of a secreted alkaline phosphatase gene. The inducibility of these reporter gene constructs broadly correlated with the relative mRNA abundances in both transiently and stably transfected Namalwa cells. During work with stable cell lines, we found that G418, the drug used for the selection of transfected cells, inhibited the induction of interferon by both Sendai virus and double-stranded RNA. This inhibition was reversible when G418 was removed from the medium 24 h before the addition of virus.
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PMID:Relative transcriptional inducibility of the human interferon-alpha subtypes conferred by the virus-responsive enhancer sequence. 874 62

Sixty-five patients with advanced melanoma treated in phase II trials with interferon-alpha and high dose interleukin-2 were analysed for pretreatment prognostic parameters. Three levels of response were used: objective remission [three complete response (CR)/14 partial response (PR)], stable disease and progression. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), impaired performance status and high tumor load were associated with poor response. Multivariate analysis considering two levels of response [CR/PR vs stable disease (SD)/progressive disease (PD)] did not reveal any model with more than one significant factor. Considering survival, LDH was also a strong factor. Additional prognostic factors here were performance status, metastatic sites, alkaline phosphatase and tumor load. A Cox regression analysis revealed LDH, performance status and metastatic sites as independent factors. The prognostic values of these parameters will have to be confirmed in a larger patient cohort. Using the landmark method, it was estimated whether the response obtained after two cycles of treatment predicted survival. Patients with PD at this time had a median further survival of 6 months, SD of 27 months, and PR/CR of more than 31 months. This observation may help making decisions at this time.
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PMID:Prognostic factors for response and survival in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving immunotherapy. 879 Dec 76

Interferons have been utilized widely in chronic liver diseases for their antiviral properties. In addition, there is evidence for their antifibrogenic actions. In this work we studied effects of various doses of interferon-alpha 2b on experimental liver fibrosis and cholestasis induced in the rat by biliary obstruction. Collagen was measured as hepatic hydroxyproline content. Cholestasis was determined by serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities and by bilirubin content. Glycogen was measured in the liver. Interestingly, the best effects (antifibrotic and anticholestatic) were observed in the group receiving the lowest dose of interferon. These results suggest that interferon-alpha 2b may be used at low doses, thereby decreasing side effects and costs.
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PMID:Dose-response studies of interferon-alpha 2b on liver fibrosis and cholestasis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. 921 63

The role of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) group of cytokines in differentiation of two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines has been examined using induction of alkaline phosphatase and expression of surfactant protein A. Oncostatin M was the most active and potent for alkaline phosphatase in A549 cells, with IL-6 having similar activity but less potency. Neither cytokine induced alkaline phosphatase in NCI-H441 cells, although induction was obtained with lung fibroblast-conditioned medium. Surfactant protein A was induced in NCI-H441 cells by conditioned medium and dexamethasone and, to a much lesser extent, by oncostatin M or IL-6. Induction of alkaline phosphatase and surfactant protein A were both dexamethasone-dependent, though some induction of surfactant protein A was obtained with interferon-alpha in the absence of dexamethasone. The activity present in lung fibroblast-conditioned medium suggests paracrine control, but this appears not to be due to oncostatin M or IL-6 as disabling antibodies to either cytokine were not inhibitory, and, although alkaline phosphatase was induced in A549 by both cytokines, it was only induced by conditioned medium in NCI-H441 cells. Furthermore, surfactant protein A was induced in H441 by conditioned medium to a much greater extent than by oncostatin M or IL-6. These data demonstrate that cytokines of the IL-6 group have potential as differentiation inducers in lung adenocarcinoma cells and that there is an equivalent paracrine factor(s) in lung fibroblast conditioned medium. As the production of this factor by fibroblasts is not enhanced by glucocorticoid, although the response of the target cell is, it would appear to be distinct from the fibrocyte pneumocyte factor previously described by Post et al 1984.
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PMID:Activity of growth factors in the IL-6 group in the differentiation of human lung adenocarcinoma. 1073 62

Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic activity and reduce the disease-related skeletal complications when they are used in combination with chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Pamidronate also inhibits apoptosis of primary osteoblastic cells and probably induces apoptosis on human MM cells and osteoclasts. It has been reported that interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) decreases bone resorption and that low doses of IFN-alpha result in a significant increase in serum osteocalcin (OSC). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pamidronate treatment on biochemical markers of bone resorption [cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx)], bone formation [bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and OSC], disease activity [beta2-microglobulin, CRP, paraprotein], and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with MM in plateau phase under IFN-alpha maintenance. The above parameters were evaluated in 28 patients (13 M, 15 F, median age 70 years) during maintenance treatment, before the addition of pamidronate and after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14 months of the combined therapy. The addition of pamidronate to maintenance treatment resulted in a significant reduction of NTx, IL-6, beta2-microglobulin, CRP from the 3rd month and paraprotein from the 6th month of treatment, whereas BAP and OSC were significantly increased from the 6th month. These changes continued during the 14-month follow-up of the combined treatment. Multivariate analysis showed a significant negative correlation between changes of BAP and OSC and the patients' age. The greater increase of the bone formation markers was observed in younger patients. These results suggest that, in addition to the inhibition of osteoclastic activity, pamidronate in combination with IFN-alpha was shown to induce bone formation in patients with MM in the plateau phase.
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PMID:Pamidronate increases markers of bone formation in patients with multiple myeloma in plateau phase under interferon-alpha treatment. 1168 35

Neovir, an inductor of interferon-alpha, was injected intramuscularly to 15 male patients aged 16-44 years with diagnosed acute viral hepatitis in a dose of 250 mg a day, 2-3 times a week, for 3 months. By the end of the therapy hepatitis C virus RNA could still be isolated in 84.6% of the patients; the values of AlaT, AsaT and alkaline phosphatase exceeded the normal levels twofold. The result of the therapy is regarded as ineffective.
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PMID:[Neovir therapy in acute hepatitis C]. 1263 Mar 57

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains a positive-sense RNA genome that encodes a unique polyprotein precursor, which must be processed by proteases to enable viral maturation. Virally encoded NS3/4A protease has thus become an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. To establish an assay system for monitoring NS3/4A protease activity in mammalian cells, this study describes a substrate vector, pEG(Delta4AB)SEAP, in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was fused to secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) through the NS3/4A protease decapeptide recognition sequence, Delta4AB, which spans the NS4A and NS4B junction region. Secretion of SEAP into the culture medium was demonstrated to depend on the cleavage of Delta4AB by HCV NS3/4A protease. We demonstrated that the accumulation of SEAP activity in the culture medium depends on time up to 60h with the coexpression of active NS3/4A protease. The amount of SEAP in the culture medium was around 10 times greater than that of cells with coexpression of inactive NS3/4A mutant protease. This strategy has made it possible to monitor NS3/4A activity inside mammalian cells. Moreover, by using cells containing the HCV subgenomic replicon, the EG(Delta4AB)SEAP reporter can be used to detect the anti-HCV activity of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Consequently, this EG(Delta4AB)SEAP reporter can be used to screen for NS3/4A protease inhibitors in the cellular environment and for anti-HCV drugs in replicon cells.
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PMID:Development of a cell-based assay for monitoring specific hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease activity in mammalian cells. 1271 36


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