Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study was performed to assess the use of plasma measurement of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin alpha (LT alpha) and their soluble receptors (p55 and p75) for prognostic risk assignment in 61 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Plasma levels of TNF, p55 and p75, but not of LT alpha, were higher in Hodgkin's disease patients than in healthy controls. Plasma levels of TNF, p55 and p75 were associated with several prognostic factors for Hodgkin's disease, including those related to the host (age, performance status) and to the tumour (disease stage, extranodal site involvement, bulky tumour, serum levels of LDH and beta2-microglobulin, histology). Elevated plasma levels of TNF, p55 and p75 were also associated with several parameters reflecting an immune activation, including the presence of B symptoms, elevated serum levels of gammaglobulins, alkaline phosphatase and fibrinogen, as well as peripheral monocytosis, anaemia and low serum albumin levels. Finally, elevated TNF ligand receptor plasma markers were associated with a lower incidence of complete response to therapy and predicted shorter free-from-progression survival and overall survival of the patients. These results indicate that the plasma levels of TNF and its soluble receptors correlate with clinical features and outcome of patients with Hodgkin's disease.
 ...
PMID:Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor and its soluble receptors correlate with clinical features and outcome of Hodgkin's disease patients. 964 58

The time of appearance and pattern of expression of several alpha-granule proteins, von Willebrand factor (VWF), fibrinogen and immunoglobulins (Ig) were examined and compared in human bone marrow megakaryocytes (MK) using an immunocytochemical approach. VWF is synthesized by immature MK, whereas it has been shown that fibrinogen is incorporated from the plasma into alpha-granules. The present study was undertaken in order to determine whether there are chronological and morphological differences in the expression of VWF and fibrinogen in vivo in human MK. Seven paraffin-embedded biopsies of normal human bone marrow were labelled with specific antibodies for VWF and for fibrinogen, detected by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. and analysed by immunomorphometry. We found a clear, statistically significant. difference in the labelling pattern of VWF and fibrinogen. The expression of other endocytosed alpha-granule proteins, immunoglobulins G and A, was therefore studied in bone marrow MK from two patients with multiple myeloma, one with monoclonal IgG and one with monoclonal IgA. The immunostaining pattern was similar to that of fibrinogen and different from VWF, and characteristic of endocytosed alpha-granule proteins. This study demonstrates that: (i) immunohistochemical staining of MK alpha-granules proteins distinguishes the peripheral cockade distribution pattern of endocytosed protein from the perinuclear pattern of endogenously synthesized proteins; (ii) VWF is present in human bone marrow MK when fibrinogen is not yet detectable: (iii) VWF synthesis ceases while fibrinogen is still being incorporated: (iv) immunoglobulins can be detected in MK cytoplasm, with a staining pattern resembling that of fibrinogen.
 ...
PMID:Inverse immunostaining pattern for synthesized versus endocytosed alpha-granule proteins in human bone marrow megakaryocytes. 967 31

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in solution primes neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. We show that LPS immobilized on polystyrene or polypropylene acted on neutrophils by a mechanism different from that of LPS in solution. Coating the surface with 1% plasma, either before coating with LPS (plasma/LPS) or after coating with LPS (LPS/plasma), was essential to induce the LPS response in neutrophils. However, plasma could be replaced by fibrinogen, type I collagen or type IV collagen, or, to a lesser extent, by fibronectin or vitronectin, which was not true for LPS in solution. About 20% of the LPS added was immobilized on the plastic surfaces, based on its ability to adsorb anti-LPS antibody after extensive washing. The amount of soluble LPS that might have been released from surfaces during the incubation with neutrophils was too low to account for the priming by immobilized LPS. About 13-20 min was needed for neutrophils to become primed after incubation with immobilized LPS. Immobilized LPS induced up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 and latent alkaline phosphatase and also enhanced the adhesive response of neutrophils. Priming by immobilized LPS was inhibited by anti-CD14 antibody or by treatment of neutrophils with the LPS antagonist LA-14-PP. When immobilized LPS was treated with anti-LPS-binding protein (LBP) antibody, the response of neutrophils to LPS/plasma was inhibited but the response to plasma/LPS or fibrinogen/LPS was not. Thus, the LPS in plasma/LPS or fibrinogen/LPS acted on neutrophils in an LBP-independent manner. We conclude that the CD14-dependent LPS receptor system of neutrophils was capable of working in the absence of LBP, but only when LPS was immobilized on a surface coated with protein.
 ...
PMID:Neutrophils responded to immobilized lipopolysaccharide in the absence of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. 971 56

Propofol and pentobarbital were used for deep sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation (3 weeks) and nutritional supplementation in 17 clinically normal dogs in an intensive care setting. Tolerance developed to both drugs. Propofol, in combination with pentobarbital, at an infusion rate of 75 micrograms/kg of body weight per minute was preferred. Pentobarbital infusion alone, begun at the rate of 5 to 6 mg.kg-1.h-1, was satisfactory. The combination of both drugs provided smooth, stable anesthesia and required minimal interventions by intensive care unit personnel. Blood gas tensions and electrolyte, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and metabolite concentrations were generally stable throughout, unless condition of the dog deteriorated (e.g., infection, pneumothorax). Hematocrit and red blood cell count decreased with time, likely attributable principally to multiple blood sample collections. White blood cell count, alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, fibrinogen, cholesterol, and triglyceride values increased with time, in association with pentobarbital and the combination of pentobarbital and propofol. Some of these changes appear to have been related to generic responses to stress and inflammation, some to altered metabolism, and some to the lipid solvent of propofol. The increase in triglyceride concentration was greater when propofol was used. Mortality was 47%, with death occurring between days 2 and 18.
 ...
PMID:Plasma electrolyte and metabolite concentrations associated with pentobarbital or pentobarbital-propofol anesthesia during three weeks' mechanical ventilation and intensive care in dogs. 1009 67

We have identified and cloned a novel connective tissue growth factor-like (CTGF-L) cDNA from primary human osteoblast cells encoding a 250-amino acid single chain polypeptide. Murine CTGF-L cDNA, encoding a polypeptide of 251 amino acids, was obtained from a murine lung cDNA library. CTGF-L protein bears significant identity ( approximately 60%) to the CCN (CTGF, Cef10/Cyr61, Nov) family of proteins. CTGF-L is composed of three distinct domains, an insulin-like growth factor binding domain, a von Willebrand Factor type C motif, and a thrombospondin type I repeat. However, unlike CTGF, CTGF-L lacks the C-terminal domain implicated in dimerization and heparin binding. CTGF-L mRNA ( approximately 1.3 kilobases) is expressed in primary human osteoblasts, fibroblasts, ovary, testes, and heart, and a approximately 26-kDa protein is secreted from primary human osteoblasts and fibroblasts. In situ hybridization indicates high expression in osteoblasts forming bone, discrete alkaline phosphatase positive bone marrow cells, and chondrocytes. Specific binding of 125I-labeled insulin-like growth factors to CTGF-L was demonstrated by ligand Western blotting and cross-linking experiments. Recombinant human CTGF-L promotes the adhesion of osteoblast cells and inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to integrin receptors. In addition, recombinant human CTGF-L inhibits osteocalcin production in rat osteoblast-like Ros 17/2.8 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that CTGF-L may play an important role in modulating bone turnover.
 ...
PMID:Identification and cloning of a connective tissue growth factor-like cDNA from human osteoblasts encoding a novel regulator of osteoblast functions. 1035 67

Liver function and its correlation with bilirubin and hepatic enzymes were evaluated in 30 male chronic asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic alcoholics admitted into the psychiatric hospital for detoxification and treatment of alcoholism. Hypoalbuminemia, lowered prothrombin activity, hypotransferrinemia and hypofibrinogenemia were detected in 32%, 32%, 28%, and 24% of patients, respectively. Transferrin was elevated in 8%. Greater prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia was found in patients with lowered prothrombin activity, hypofibrinogenemia, or hypotransferrinemia. No correlation was found between serum bilirubin or aminotransferase levels and normal or elevated albumin levels, time or activity of prothrombin, and fibrinogen levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in normoalbuminemics and gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with lowered prothrombin activity. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with hypofibrinogenemia, hypotransferrinemia with elevated aspartate aminotransferase or gamma-glutamyltransferase, and hypertransferrinemia with elevation of alanine aminotransferase. These data indicated the occurrence of hepatic dysfunction due to liver damage caused directly by alcohol or by alcoholism-associated nutritional deficiencies.
 ...
PMID:Liver synthesis function in chronic asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic alcoholics: correlation with other liver tests. 1066 80

Alterations of fluidity of the hepatocytic membrane and of the transport related systems are the basis of the cholesteatic syndrome and favour the tissue accumulation of cytotoxic metabolites. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM) is a natural molecule which acts as a giver of methylic groups and as an enzymatic activator in several enzymatic actions of transmethylase and of transulphuration and plays a key role in biochemical processes of hepatic cell. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of SAM on the restoration of the membrane fluidity and on the hepatic function in general. In studying the fluidity of the cell membrane we evaluated some hemorheological parameters (total blood viscosity and red cell morphology). Fluidity of the red cell membrane is one of the most important elements of red cell rheology. We studied 15 patients (Group A) suffering from micro- and macro-nodular cirrhosis verified through hepatic biopsy, with alcoholic or post-viral causes. We evaluated the values of: blood viscosity (with a cone-plate rheometer by Carri-med), haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and the erythrocytic morphology at the optical microscope with the Zipursky-Forconi method before and after 7 days of therapy with SAM i.v.. Data were compared with those of a similar group (Group B) treated with traditional therapy only (hyposodic and hypoprotein diet supplemented with multivitamin preparations, vitamin K in particular, if necessary, and potassium sparing diuretics). We also measured biliary salts, alkaline phosphatase, transaminase and gamma-GT. In the first group we observed a statistically significant reduction of blood viscosity, haematocrit didn't change significantly; biliary salts reduced in a statistically significant way. Evaluation of red cell morphology showed in all cases a pathological percentage (>15%) of echinocytes and knizocytes which reduced to a mean of 5% after SAM therapy. We observed no further modifications of the other hemorheological parameters. Results demonstrate that SAM has a positive action on the fluidity of the membrane, as indicated by the improvement of haemorheological parameters and by the significant decrease of biliary salts, indicating the presence of cholesteasis.
 ...
PMID:Blood viscosity and red cell morphology in subjects suffering from cirrhosis before and after treatment with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). 1097 15

Fourteen calves were used to investigate the changes from birth to 83 days of age in the concentrations of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, beta-hydroxybutyrate, plasma cortisol, serum creatine kinase, creatinine, iron, plasma fibrinogen, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, plasma glucose, haptoglobin, serum non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, transferrin, triglycerides, urea and gamma globulin; the haematological variables measured were: basophils, eosinophils, haematocrit, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, monocytes, band neutrophils, neutrophils, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. The changes are presented as a series of graphs and the values are discussed in relation to the published reference ranges for adult cattle. Two populations of calves were identified which gave rise to a bimodal distribution for some of the variables. Differences in haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts were apparent at birth, with raised values for these measurements being associated with an increased white blood cell and neutrophil count between three and 27 days of age.
 ...
PMID:Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age. 1111 Apr 79

The significant factors of risk for bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease included age over 40 yrs, such unfavorable histological features as lymphoid exhaustion and nodular sclerosing stage II, symptoms of intoxication, an ESR of more than 50 mm/h, increased fibrinogen (> 5.0 g/l), blood-plasma alkaline phosphatase (> 130 units), leukocyte concentration (> 10,000 per min) and decreased hemoglobulin (< 100 g/l). Despite the reliable correlation between bone marrow involvement and said factors, relevant data did not provide a similarly reliable basis for accurate prognosis of tumor dissemination. However, our findings pointed to two categories of Hodgkin's disease patients characterized by minimal risk of tumor dissemination--patients under 20, with stage I-II AB and IIIA tumors,--and patients with similar tumors and such favorable histological patterns of major pathology as high lymphocytic ratio and nodular sclerosing stage I.
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors for bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease]. 1131 33

An 18-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of an omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid-enriched ration on plasma fatty acid concentrations and platelet aggregation in healthy horses. Flaxseed oil served as the source of the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Twelve horses were fed dietary maintenance requirements using a complete pelleted ration (80%) and timothy grass hay (20%) for a 2-week acclimation period before being randomly assigned either to a treatment (group 1) or control (group 2) group. Group 2 horses (n = 6) were fed the diet described in the acclimation period, whereas group I horses (n = 6) were fed a 10% flaxseed oil-enriched complete pellet (80%) and grass hay (20%). Biological samples and physical measurements were collected at one point during the acclimation period (week 0) and every 4 weeks thereafter (weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16). Body weight, CBC (including platelet count), plasma fibrinogen. electrolyte (Na, K, and Cl) concentrations, and biochemical profile enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase) did not change markedly with diet. Platelet aggregation was not altered by the supplementation of flaxseed oil in these healthy horses, although increases in plasma cis-polyunsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids C18:3; n-3 (ALA) and C18:2; n-6 (linoleic acid), biologically active C20:5; n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evident. There were no marked decreases in C20:4; n-6 (arachidonic acid [AA]) or increases in C22:6; n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), signifying that flaxseed oil may have had a high percentage of omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids as well as n-3 fatty acids, and this relatively high n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio may have affected the biochemical effect of n-3 fatty acids. In healthy horses supplemented with flaxseed oil, platelet aggregation was not altered, which may have been due to the limited biologic effect in healthy subjects or the inability of flaxseed oil to induce the necessary biochemical effect of replacing n-6 fatty acids with n-3 types.
 ...
PMID:Effects of dietary flaxseed oil supplementation on equine plasma fatty acid concentrations and whole blood platelet aggregation. 1214 9


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>