Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

alpha- and beta-Fibrinogenases (EC 3.4.21.5) were purified from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom by the technique of recycling chromatography. Both enzymes were single polypeptide chains and homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation constants of alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases were 2.52 and 3.04 respectively. The molecular weight of alpha-fibrinogenase was 21 500--23 400, and that of beta-fibrinogenase was 25 000--26 000. The contents of proline, glycine and tryptophan were higher in beta-fibrinogenase than in alpha-fibrinogenase. The isoelectric points of alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases were pH 8.1 and 5.7 respectively. The optimal pH of alpha-fibrinogenase was about 7.4 and that of beta-fibrinogenase was around 8.5. The activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was completely destroyed after 30 min at 60 degrees C, pH 5.6, 7.4 and 9.0, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was not significantly affected by the same treatment. Both enzymes showed proteolytic activities toward fibrinogen and casein, but were devoid of phospholipase A, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities of the crude venom. The tosyl-L-arginine methylester esterase activity of beta-fibrinogenase was about 17 times that of the crude venom, while alpha-fibrinogenase was completely devoid of this activity. The fibrinogenolytic activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was markedly inhibited by EDTA and cysteine, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was inhibited markedly by phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride and slightly by tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone and cysteine.
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PMID:Physicochemical properties of alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom. 1 16

By means of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 Column chromatography, Trimeresurus gramineus venom was separated into twelve fractions. The fibrinogenolytic activities were distributed in Fractions 1 and 10. These enzymes were further purified by gel filtration and were homogeneous as judged by cellulose acetate membrane, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. Both of them were single peptide chains. The sedimentation constants of alpha- (Fraction 1) and beta-fibrinogenases (Fraction 10) were 2.20 and 3.60, respectively. The molecular weights of alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases were 23 500 and 25 000 respectively. The contents of proline and glycine were higher in beta-fibrinogenase than in alpha-fibrinogenase. The isoelectric points of alpha-fibrinogenase and beta-fibrinogenase were pH greater than 10 and 4.5, respectively. The optimal pH of alpha-fibrinogenase was approx. 7.4 and that of beta-fibrinogenase was approx. 9.0. The activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was completely destroyed after 30 min at 60 degrees C, pH 5.4, 7.4 and 9.0, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was much less affected by the same treatment. The specific fibrinogenolytic activity alpha-fibrinogenase was 31 mg fibrinogen/min per mg protein, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was 9 mg fibrinogen/min per mg protein. alpha-Fibrinogenase cleaved specifically the alpha(A) chain of monomeric fibrinogen without cleaving the beta(B) chain and gamma-chain. beta-fibrinogenase preferentially cleaved the beta(B) chain, and the alpha(A) chain was also partially cleaved by beta-fibrinogenase, if the incubation time was prolonged. Both enzymes showed proteolytic activities toward fibrinogen, fibrin and casein, but were devoid of phospholipase A, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities found in the crude venom. The tosyl-L-arginine methylester esterase activity of beta-fibrinogenase was about 14 times that of crude venom, while alpha-fibrinogenase was completely devoid of this activity. The fibrinogenolytic activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was markedly inhibited by EDTA and cysteine, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was inhibited markedly by phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride. alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases exert their fibrinogenolytic activity by a direct action on fibrinogen or fibrin without activation of plasminogen.
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PMID:Alpha and beta-fibrinogenases from Trimeresurus gramineus snake venom. 4 82

1) Variations in the serum concentrations of total proteins and the electrophoretic fractions, glycoprotein, mucoprotein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline, and acid phosphatases were analyzed until the 30th day following uncomplicated fracture of shafts of long bones of the limbs in 25 cases. 2) A significant fall of albumin with concomitant rise of alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta globulins were noted until 30th day. 3) Mucoprotein, glycoprotein, and fibrinogen showed parallel elevations with that of alpha and beta globulins. 4) The peak values of alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulins, mucoprotein, and fibrinogen were registered on the 10th day after trauma. Albumin showed maximum fall on the 10th day in all these cases. 5) Glycoprotein showed a peak value on the 5th day. 6) Total protein and gamma globulin remained almost unchanged throughout the studies. 7) Beta globulin showed higher values and paralleled more closely the fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedementation rates. 8) The elevations of beta globulin, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were higher, and persisted beyond 30 days in lower-limb fractures as compared to upper-limb fractures. 9) Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were not significantly different following fractures and therefore did not reflect much physiologic variation. 10) The most significant changes in the levels of plasma fractions studied were conspicuous on the 10th day and lasted for about 1 month.
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PMID:Variations of some plasma components after closed fractures. 5 53

In 56 patients with Hodgkin's disease, the following bloodtests were carried out: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, alpha2-globuline, serium iron concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity. In some patients we additionally measured alkaline leucocyte phosphatase and serum ribonuclease activity. In our series ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations were the most sensitive metabolic parameters. A rise in fibrinogen concentration, alkaline phosphatase and serum ribonclease activity seems to indicate extensive disease. It is not possible, however, to discern between a state of remission and stage I by means of these parameters. ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations might be either elevated or normal in both instances. These parameters seem important in order to distinguish between a remission or stage I on the one hand and extensive disease in stage III and IV on the other hand. Concomitant findings of ESR above 40 mmh, elevated concentrations of fibrinogen and alpha2-globuline, as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase and serum and serum ribonuclease activity mostly indicate stage III or IV.
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PMID:[Significance of metabolic parameters in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. 5 79

Liver injury was investigated in the course of salmonellosis evoked by Salmonella agona in experimental infection of rabbits. Histological and biochemical examination (proteinogram, the level of bilirubin, fibrinogen, cholesterol and its esters in blood, activity of asparine and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase and guanase in blood) were carried out in 70 animals. Liver injury showing degeneration, steatosis and necrosis was found in the course of salmonellosis. Hepatitis gigantocellularis was sporadically observed. Biochemical parameters were not in correlation with the observed histological changes.
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PMID:Injury of liver in experimental salmonellosis of rabbits infected by salmonella agona. 42 97

The hepatic tolerability of phthalazine-(2,2-b)-phthalazin-5,12-(7H,14H)-dione (diftalone--administered at the dosage of 750 mg/day p.o. for a mean period of 23 days--has been studied in 40 patients by means of: total plasma protein, albumin, fibrinogen, serum glutamin-oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, glycemic curve after glucagon and plasmatic elimination of bromosulphalein. A statistically but not clinically significant increase of the SGPT level is the only change observed.
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PMID:Some laboratory aspects of hepatic tolerability of diftalone. 57 43

By means of CM-Sephadex column chromatography, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom was separated into 20 fractions. Fraction XX had the marked anticoagulant action. This fraction was refractionated three times on Sephadex G-75, and a single peak was obtained. The patterns of microzone and disc electrophoresis also showed a single band. A single, symmetrical boundary with a value of 1.61 S was obtained by ultracentrifugation. It was a single peptide chain with a molecular weight of 11 700. The isoelectric point was higher than pH 10. The anticoagulant principle possessed phospholipase A activity and was calcium ion dependent. It did not possess proteolytic, tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterase, phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities of the crude venom. The phospholipase A activity was heat-labile at pH 7.4, but was heat-stable at pH 5.6. The anticoagulant activity was more resistant to heat treatment as compared with phospholipase A activity. The anitoagulant action of the purified principle was competitively inhibited by platelet phospholid, tissue thromboplastin and cephalin, and was neutralized by antiserum. The anticoagulant principle inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP. It did not destroy fibrinogen, Factor X, prothrombin and thrombin; nor did it induce fibrinolysis nor interfere with the interaction between thrombin and fibrinogen. It is concluded that the anticoagulant action of this phospholipase A was due to the inhibition of the activations of Factors X and II through the inactivation of the procoagulant activity of phospholipids mediated partly by phospholipid-binding activity of this venom enzyme and partly by its enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of the anticoagulant principle of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom. 66 29

Biochemical changes, especially isolated rise in alkaline phosphatase and increased thromboplastin time, which have been described as "reversible hepatic dysfunction" (Stauffer's syndrome) were found in a 47-year-old patient with hypernephroma and hepatomegaly without liver metastases at post-mortem examination. The alkaline phosphatase could not be distinguished from the placental isoenzyme (Regan's enzyme). Increased thromboplastin time was due to circulating fibrinogen degradation products.
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PMID:[Contribution to the aetiology of "reversible hepatic dysfunction" (Stauffer's syndrome) associated with renal tumours]. 111

1. Rats were given moderate-selenium (4-5 mg/kg) or low-Se (0-5 mg/kg) diets during gestation and lactation. Their young were given diets with high (10 mg/kg), moderate or low Se contents from weaning, and groups of rats were killed at intervals during the 14-week experimental peroid. 2. Compared with young rats which received the low-Se diet, those which received the moderate- or high-Se diets had a high incidence of liver lesions and there were changes in liver Se content, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, prothrombin activity, fibrinogen content, spleen weight, body water and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminas (L-aspartate : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.1 and L-alanine : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.2 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activities. In those rats which received the high-Se diet the changes were more pronounced than in those which received the moderate-Se diet. 3. In young rats from dams given moderate-Se diets, which were themselves given the moderate-Se diet, the liver Se content decreased continuously, whereas rats given the same diet but from dams which had received the low-Se diet, the liver Se content increased continuously. There was a slight improvement of symptoms of Se toxicity in all groups by the 5th week of the experimental peroid. 4. The results suggest that there was an adaptation to chronic Se intake.
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PMID:Effects of ingestion of organic selenium in adapted and non-adapted rats. 112 69

By means of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography, Trimeresurus gramineus venom was separated into 12 fractions. Fraction 8 had marked anticoagulant action in the tests of whole blood clotting time, calcium clotting time and plasma prothrombin time. Fraction 8 was rechromatographed on Sephadex G-100, then on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 again, and finally on Sephadex G-100, and a single peak was obtained. The patterns of microzone and disc electrophoresis also showed a single band. A single symmetrical boundary with 1.70 Svedberg units was obtained by ultracentrifugation. The estimated molecular weight was 19 500. The isoelectric point was pH 4.5. Chemical analysis showed that the anticoagulant principle was a glycoprotein and that it was thermolabile. The anticoagulant activity of this purified principle was 3.5 times higher than that of the crude venom. Fraction 5 potentiated its anticoagulant activity to 10 times higher than that of the crude venom. This principle did not possess caseinolytic, tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterase, phospholipase A, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, fibrinolytic, hemorrhagic or local irritating activities. The purified anticoagulant principle did not destroy fibrinogen, induce fibrinolysis, inactivate thrombin nor interfere with the interaction between thrombin and fibrinogen. However, a marked inhibition of prothrombin activation was caused by the anticoagulant principle. The inhibition of prothrombin activation was not due to the destruction of prothrombin or its activation factors, but due to an interference in the interaction between prothrombin and its activation factors because of the reversible binding of these factors with the anticoagulant principle of the venom.
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PMID:Purification and properties of the anticoagulant principle of Trimeresurus gramineus venom. 113 81


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