Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a series of experiments with a total of 1480 veal calves, different aspects of treating calves with anabolic steroids were examined. The anabolics used were 17beta-estradiol (E), trenbolone acetate (T), progesterone (P), testosterone (Te), C+T, E+P, E+Te and zeranole (Z). The N-retention was estimated by examining the urea: creatinine ratio in single urine specimens during the course of two feeding trials. Increased gain due to the treatment with E (20 mg implanted/calf) + P (200 mg) and Te (200 mg), respectively, E + T (140 mg) or Z (36 mg) was during the whole experimental period. The extra gain, due to anabolics seems to contain even more protein. This conclusion may be supported by the crude protein content of meat samples. The antibody production of a total of 311 male and female calves was investigated after the application of the following steroids: E (20 mg), T (200 mg), T (200 mg), E + T, P (200 mg), Te (200 mg), E + P, E + Te, and Z. Eleven days after the implantation of the steroids the animals were immunized with alumprecipitated human serumalbumin. Antibody-titres were determined by the Antigen-Binding-Capacity Test on day 14 following immunization. In nearly all groups the antibody-titres of female calves exceeded those of male calves on the average by 75%. The immune response of all experimental groups did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding control groups. However, the results indicate that both E + T and its single components E and T exert an immunodepressive effect in male calves. While the humoral antibody formation in the calf appears not to be influenced by anabolic steroids, it cannot be decided presently whether these substances effect cell-mediated immune reactions and/or unspecific mechanisms of resistance. When estradiol (20, 200, and 500 mg) and trenbolone acetate (140, 1400, 3500 mg) alone and in combination were implanted in female calves, blood glucose, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, cholesterine and bilirubine; Hb, PVC, quick value; urine density and pH were not affected by treatment. Some criteria of the mineral metabolism (Ca- and P-levels in serum and bone) was not altered by treatment. Trenbolone (1 400 and 3 500 mg), especially with estradiol, caused a decrease of the serum Mg-level and of the Mg-deposition in the bone. It is discussed that Trenbolone affects the dig-metabolism of calves. Some morphological findings are worth mentioning. The weight of uterus was not affected by the different doses of E or T, but a combination E + T led to a surprising weight increase. The proliferation of uterine glandular cells was responsible for the increased uterine size. The lumen of uterus was partially filled with a watery liquid. The reduction of the ovarian weight was accompanied by a diminution of follicular size for all treated calves, most evident for E (200, 500 mg) + T (1400, 3500 mg). A decrease in the number of follicles was also found for these two groups. T (3500 mg) caused an abnormal size of the clitoris and led to a reduction of the size of thymus.
...
PMID:Physiological data including evaluation of immuno-response in relation to anabolic effects on veal calves. 78 65

1. A number of detergents were used to dissolve calf thymus plasma membranes rich in alkaline phosphatase (orthophosporic-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) activity. 2. The Stokes' radius (r) of alkaline phosphatase in each detergent was measured by gel filtraton. The size of the solubilized enzyme varied from r = 6.2 nm in sodium cholate to r = 8.3 nm in Berol EMU-043. With N-alkylsulphates, the apparent size increased with alkyl chain length, with r = 6.4 nm (C9) and r = 7.3 nm (C12). Tween 20 failed to solubilise the enzyme. 3. The effect of each detergent on the catalytic activity of alkaline phosphatase was determined. The non-ionic detergents Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, Berol EMU-043, Tween 20 and the zwitterionic detergent Empigen BB increased V by 10--50% without substantially altering the Km for p-nitrophenylphosphate. The bile salts sodium deoxycholate and sodium cholate decreased V and increased the apparent affinity of the enzyme for nitrophenylphosphate. Inhibition was concentration-dependent up to the critical micellar concentration, above which it remained constant (deoxycholate, 33% cholate, 76%). Alkylsulphates (C8-12) had no significant inhibitory effect during 24 h at 23 degrees C. 4. Exchanging one detergent for another altered alkaline phosphatase activity to a state characteristic for the second detergent, e.g. the activity of cholate-inhibited alkaline phosphatase was restored to normal levels by excess of Triton X-100 and vice versa. The inhibitory effect of deoxycholate and cholate therefore result primarily from interactions between detergent and alkaline phosphate, rather than from selective removal of lipids from the enzyme. 5. Pure lecithin, lysolecithin and an ether-deoxylysolecithin each reactivated cholate-inhibited alkaline phosphatase in a concentration-dependent fashion. Cholesterol had no effect. 6. The half-life (t1/2) of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase at 55 degrees C was 64 min. With the exception of Berol, solubilisation in non-ionic detergents caused no marked change in this sensitivity. The enzyme became more labile in deoxycholate (t1/2) = 31 min), but less labile in cholate (t1/2 = 99 min). Alkylsulphates, which are strong denaturants, markedly increased the sensitivity of the enzyme to heat-inactivation (C8, t1/2 = 13 min; C9--12, t1/2 less than 2 min). 7. It is concluded that membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase is separated from most if not all of its neighbouring lipid moieties by these detergents, which bind to the solubilised enzyme. The number and character of molecules binding to the enzyme influence its size and shape, its susceptibility to inactivation and its catalytic activity.
...
PMID:Calf thymus alkaline phosphatase. II. Interaction with detergents. 83 32

Effects of antitumor agents on rat liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and thymus lymphocytes were studied in male Wistar rats. High doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cyclophosphamide (CP) given parenterally for 6 days caused a partial decrease in whole body weight and the microsomal enzyme content such as cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5. Aniline p-hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities also decreased in rats dosed for 5 days decreased compared with the control. Both compounds in the high concentrations produced spectral change of "modified type II". However, the magnitude of the spectral changes observed was independent of the the concentration of substrate added. The addition of NADPH to the microsomes-substrate mixture modified the spectral change. Both drugs caused a considerable decrease in thymus weight and the number of thymus lymphocytes, while the alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced in 5-FU groups, indicating that the agents cause a significant involution of the thymus. Decrease in the total number of the lymphocytes was greater than that in the blood leucocytes.
...
PMID:Antitumor agents. I. Effect of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on liver microsomes and thymus of rat. 100 1

(1) Fetal thymuses, organs from patients who died from diseases that are not clinically known to be associated with concomitant lymphoid tissue involvement, as well as thymuses from patients dying from diseases which effect the lymphatic complex of the body, one way or another, have been investigated for their alkaline phosphatase activity, using Gomori technique and applying four different phosphate esters as substrates. (2) Three substrates (beta-glycerophophate, riboflavin 5-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate) showed essentially the same pattern of activity in which the cortex and Hassall's corpuscles were reactive, while the medulla was negative. A reversal of this pattern was demonstrated with 5-monophosphoric acid. (3) Before the age of 32-36 weeks of intra-uterine life there is no alkaline phosphatase activity in the thymus; therafter, the enzyme begins to make its first appearance. (4) There is a definite increase in the intensity of the reaction with advance of intra-uterine life. This increase in phosphatase content is continued postnatally, to reach its maximum at about the age of 10 years: after that, the enzyme activity gradually subsides. (5) There is a tremendous augmentation of phosphatase activity in the case of disease which are known to affect the lymphoid complex. (6) The phosphatase activity of the thymus has been discussed in relation to the prevailing concepts about the function of the thymus, with special emphasis on a possible association with 'lymphocyte-stimulating factor' production and/or secretion.
...
PMID:Alkaline phosphatase in the thymus. 103 83

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (alkP), creatine kinase (CPK), and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) were determined in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, lung, spleen, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, thymus, and red cells of 56 bovine fetuses varying in gestational age from 115 to 255 days. The tissue aminotransferase activities were the most variable with gestational age. The GPT activity of liver, kidney, spleen, and red cells and the GOT activity of red cells decreased with fetal age. The GPT activity of heart, brain, and skeletal muscle and the GOT activity of adrenal, brain, and skeletal muscle increased with fetal age. Increasing activities were also described for adrenal and brain alkP and for brain and skeletal muscle CPK. In contrast, the OCT activities were fairly constant for each tissue as a function of gestational age.
...
PMID:Developmental changes of tissue enzyme patterns in the bovine fetus with gestational age. 116 76

Some peculiarities of activation of (ADP-ribose) polymerase by DNA fragments were studied. DNA fragments were produced by the digestion of calf thymus DNA by micrococcal nuclease and with a subsequent enzymatic modification of their end groups by nuclease S1, polynucleotide kinase of phage T4 and alkaline phosphatase. The dependence of the activating effect of DNA on the chemical structure of its end groups was established. It was shown that the terminal phosphate groups are involved in the formation of a catalytically active complex of (ADP-ribose) polymerase with DNA.
...
PMID:[The role of terminal DNA groups in the activation of (ADP-ribose)polymerase]. 139 Dec 6

We have recently cloned and characterized a novel embryonic alkaline phosphatase (EAP) expressed at the two-cell to blastocyst stage of preimplantation development in the mouse. The isozyme is re-expressed in trace amounts in the thymus, intestine and testis during adult life. In the present report, we find that EAP transcripts can be detected, by RT-PCR analysis, in very low amounts in the testes of newborn mice, but at 24 days of age EAP mRNA levels reach the highest concentrations, remaining high at 40 and even 117 days of age. We produced a synthetic peptide and a corresponding rabbit anti-peptide antiserum (Rb-1434), which was characterized by enzyme antigen immunoassays and reactivity with chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants, as reacting specifically with EAP. The Rb-1434 antibody enabled us to examine immunohistochemically what cell types in the testis are responsible for the expression of EAP during different developmental stages. No positive cells were recognized in the testis of newborns (day 0) and 8-day-old mice. Positive cells were first observed at day 15 and, at 24 days of age, many positive M-phase cells, morphologically corresponding to spermatocytes in mid to late prophase of meiotic division I, were strongly positive for EAP expression. Positive M-phase cells were also observed at 40 days and 151 days of age. Transgenic mice expressing the human GCAP isozyme in a tissue-specific manner in the testis, showed equivalent stages of M-phase figures when stained immunohistochemically with a specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Embryonic alkaline phosphatase is expressed at M-phase in the spermatogenic lineage of the mouse. 148 84

A new covalent mitomycin C-DNA adduct (4) was isolated from DNA exposed to reductively activated mitomycin C (MC) in vitro. The MC-treated DNA was hydrolyzed enzymatically under certain conditions, and the new adduct was isolated from the hydrolysate by HPLC. Its structure was determined by ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectroscopy and chemical and enzymatic transformations conducted on microscale. In the structure, a single 2" beta, 7"-diaminomitosene residue is linked bifunctionally to two guanines in the dinucleoside phosphate d(GpG). The guanines are linked at their N2 atoms to the C1" and C10" positions of the mitosene, respectively. A key to the structure was a finding that removal of the mitosene from the adduct by hot piperidine yielded d(GpG); another was that the adduct was slowly converted to the known interstrand cross-link adduct 3 by snake venom diesterase and alkaline phosphatase. Adduct 4 represents an intrastrand cross-link in DNA formed by MC. Of the two possible strand-polarity isomers of 4, 4a in which the mitosene 1"-position is linked to the 3'-guanine of d(GpG) is designated as the proper structure, on the basis of the mechanism of the cross-linking reaction. The same adduct 4 was isolated from poly(dG).poly(dC), synthetic oligonucleotides containing the GpG sequence, and Micrococcus luteus and calf thymus DNAs. The relative yields of interstrand and intrastrand cross-links (3 and 4) were determined under first-order kinetic conditions; an average 3.6-fold preference for the formation of 3 over that of 4 was observed. An explanation for this preference is proposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Isolation and structure of an intrastrand cross-link adduct of mitomycin C and DNA. 155 96

Owing to the lack of data about thymic non-lymphoid cells in fish we decided to perform a histochemical characterization of these cells in order to ascertain their relationships to other thymic components. In the present study we analyze the enzyme-histochemical patterns for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, non-specific sigma-naphthyl acetate esterase and 5' nucleotidase activities, as well as the presence of keratin demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining, in the non-lymphoid cell populations of the thymus of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. According to their location in the organ, morphology and histochemical reactivities, we were able to define seven different subpopulations of keratin-positive epithelial cells: 1) Epithelial cells limiting with the capsular and septal connective tissues; 2) Subcapsular epithelial cells; 3) Stellate epithelial cells of the inner thymic zone; 4) Large, ovoid epithelial cells of the inner thymic zone; 5) Acidophilic epithelial cells of the outer thymic zone; 6) Cystic cells; and 7) Goblet cells. The significance of the heterogeneity of the epithelial cell (EC) population, its specific distribution in the organ, which apparently conforms distinct cell microenvironments, as well as the possible phylogenetical relationships between these microenvironments and the classical cortex and medulla of the mammalian thymus, are discussed.
...
PMID:Enzyme- and immuno-histochemical study of the thymic stroma in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, Richardson. 169 32

A full-length cDNA clone encoding the constant region of T cell receptor beta chain was labelled by random priming DNA with digoxigenin-dUTP. The probe was used to estimate the relative amount of the receptor beta chain mRNA by in situ hybridization on frozen sections from human thymus and lymph nodes. The hybridization was visualized in blue using an anti-digoxigenin antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase and a subsequent enzyme-catalysed colour reaction. The distributions of the signal in tissue sections were as expected. Moreover, labelled cells showed hybrids both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, and strongly and weakly stained cells were clearly distinguishable. The results indicate that this method of in situ hybridization should be useful in the detection of specific mRNA in frozen sections.
...
PMID:Detection of mRNA and hnRNA using a digoxigenin labelled cDNA probe by in situ hybridization on frozen tissue sections. 183 62


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---