Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis and degree of osteopoenia in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) we conducted a cross-sectional study of 47 non-selected female patients with biopsy-proven PBC. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and femoral shaft was determined using dual photon absorptiometry. Compared to healthy females of corresponding decades the PBC patients exhibited significantly decreased mean BMC-values in lumbar spine (88%, P less than 0.05) and femoral neck (92%, P less than 0.05) but not in femoral shaft (96%, NS). Bone mineral content was not significantly associated with duration of liver disease, impairment of liver function (serum concentrations of albumin, clotting factors II + VII + X, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase galactose elimination capacity or histology), variables reflecting calcium homeostasis (serum concentrations of ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D binding protein, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3) or previous treatment with glucocorticosteroids. In view of our negative findings we suggest that future studies in this field should focus on physical activity and female sex hormones as determinants for the prevention of osteopoenia in females with primary biliary cirrhosis.
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PMID:Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral content of lumbar spine and femur in primary biliary cirrhosis. 270 2

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis were determined in 18 infants (birth weight, 2,810 +/- 135 g; gestational age, 37.4 +/- 0.5 weeks; mean +/- SEM) who received high or low Ca and P content (Ca, P) parenteral nutrition (PN) with a fixed, low dose of vitamin D (25 IU/dl). Nine infants were randomized into low (standard) Ca, P (20 mg Ca and 15.5 mg P/dl) and nine into high Ca, P (60-80 mg Ca and 46.5-62 mg P/dl) PN, and then were studied for up to 6 weeks. The high Ca, P group had stable serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], which consistently remained within the normal range (less than 116 pg/ml). Tubular reabsorption of phosphorus (TRP) also was stable and remained consistently less than 90%. The low Ca, P group had elevated and higher 1,25(OH)2D (p = 0.03) than the high Ca, P group. The mean serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration rose from 32 to 112, 115, and 133 pg/ml over a period of 6 weeks. TRP also was higher (p = 0.02) and remained consistently greater than 90%. There were no significant differences between groups in serum parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, Ca, Mg, P, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D binding protein, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations; urine Ca/creatinine and Mg/creatinine ratios, and fractional excretion of sodium (Na). Thus, a "high" Ca (60 mg/dl) and P (46.5 mg/dl) content in PN solutions can result in stable serum 1,25(OH)2D and TRP, presumably reflecting minimal stress to Ca and P homeostatic mechanisms without further increase in urinary Ca excretion.
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PMID:Parenteral nutrition for infants: effect of high versus low calcium and phosphorus content. 309 50

Transdermal oestradiol, 100 micrograms/d, was used to treat 11 women suffering from postmenopausal symptoms. After 3 weeks therapy there was a significant rise in the plasma oestradiol into the premenopausal range and a significant fall in plasma FSH level and symptom score. Bone resorption, assessed by urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline, decreased significantly while plasma alkaline phosphatase activity remained constant. There was a significant fall in plasma calcium and phosphate but the plasma concentrations of PTH, calcitonin and calcitriol and the urinary excretion of cAMP were unchanged. Plasma levels of vitamin D binding protein, albumin and globulin were unaltered, and blood pressure did not rise. These effects were similar to those found in postmenopausal women with oral ethinyloestradiol, 30 micrograms/d, (Selby et al., 1985), apart from those on plasma vitamin D binding protein, total calcitriol, albumin, globulin, tubular reabsorption of phosphate and blood pressure, changes which probably arise from a direct action of oral oestrogen on the liver.
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PMID:The effect of transdermal oestrogen on bone, calcium-regulating hormones and liver in postmenopausal women. 311 80

We tested the hypothesis that repeated whole body suberythemal ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure would result in less increase of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in black compared with white young adults with no significant change or racial differences in serum calciotropic hormones concentrations. Thirteen white and 7 black adults ranging from 22 to 35 years of age were submitted to sequential total body suberythemal doses of UVB (280-315 nm) biweekly for 6 weeks. Initial UVB dose was 5% below the minimal erythemal dose for the most sensitive skin, followed by 10% increase per exposure for 4 weeks. Blood samples were drawn weekly. Baseline 25OHD concentrations were significantly lower in blacks compared to whites, but the increases in serum 25OHD concentrations were similar in both groups; there were no significant differences by sex or age. Serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D] concentrations paralleled the serum 250HD response. Mean serum calcium (total and ionized), magnesium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D binding protein, C-terminal parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], and osteocalcin concentrations did not differ between blacks and whites at any time. The ratio of the concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D to 25OHD in their serum was initially higher in blacks compared to whites (p less than 0.0001); the ratios decreased to levels similar to whites by the third UVB exposure. We conclude that, in blacks and whites, sequential suberythemal UVB exposure produces similar elevations of serum 25OHD concentrations and unchanged calciotropic hormones concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serial ultraviolet B exposure and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D response in young adult American blacks and whites: no racial differences. 336 Oct 35

The serum concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D), and vitamin D binding protein, calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined in 19 grand multiparous Libyan women at delivery, and in the umbilical cord blood of 14 of their babies. The results were compared with similarly collected data from 22 vitamin D-supplemented Norwegian mother-infant pairs. The median 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were significantly lower for the Libyan group (maternal 25-OHD: 34 vs 112 nmol/l; cord 25-OHD: 20 vs 76 nmol/l; maternal 24,25-(OH)2D: 0.6 vs 4.1 nmol/l; cord 24,25-(OH)2D: 0.4 vs 2.7 nmol/l, P less than 0.001 for all differences). In both groups the 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D levels in maternal as well as in cord blood were closely associated (P less than 0.001). The median 1,25-(OH)2D level was similar for the two maternal groups (198 vs 194 pmol/l), but slightly lower for the Libyan than for the Norwegian cord samples (80 vs 93 pmol/l, P = 0.04). A calculated free 1,25-(OH)2D concentration (not bound to vitamin D binding protein) did not differ between the two maternal or cord groups. Calcium and phosphate concentrations were similar for the respective maternal and cord samples, while the median alkaline phosphatase level of cord blood was slightly higher for the Libyan group (P = 0.04). The results suggest that calcium and phosphate homoeostasis of pregnant women and their fetuses can be maintained despite wide variations in vitamin D supply and numerous repeated pregnancies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in maternal and umbilical cord blood of Libyan and Norwegian women. 660 43

Levels of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25 OHD) were found to be lower in 58 pregnant Asians when compared with 59 Caucasian controls. Thirty per cent of Asians and none of the controls had levels less that 10 ng/ml. The low plasma was associated with biochemical evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover as assessed by plasma parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Vitamin A and its binding protein, and vitamin D binding protein, were also measured in a subgroup of 40 patients. There was no difference between Asians and their controls. The data suggest that vitamin D supplementation would be beneficial in Asian women during pregnancy.
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PMID:Biochemical evidence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant Asian women. 720 62

Although women lose 30% of their skeletal mass after the menopause, the mechanism of this loss is uncertain. Clearly estrogen deficiency is important but whether this works only through direct effects on the skeleton is uncertain. To examine these mechanisms further we have evaluated calcium-related metabolic factors in 655 healthy women. Fasting blood samples were collected from all subjects who were up to 35 years past the menopause, and fasting urine and 24-h urine samples were collected in 365 women who were up to 25 years past the menopause. In the first 15 years postmenopause, there was a rise in total plasma calcium due to a rise in albumin. Bone resorption (hydroxyproline creatinine ratio), bone formation (alkaline phosphatase), and the urine calcium creatinine ratio all rose at menopause and remained elevated for the next 25 years. There was a transient further rise in bone resorption for the 10 years following menopause. Neither PTH nor the free calcitriol index changed for the first 10 years following menopause. Ten years past the menopause, although total calcitriol rose, the free calcitriol index fell due to a rise in vitamin D binding protein. PTH began to rise at 15 years past menopause. GFR fell gradually over the 25 years following menopause. Thus following menopause there is an increase in bone turnover and increased urine calcium loss independent of any effect of PTH or calcitriol, suggesting a direct effect of estrogen deficiency on bone and kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effects of menopause and age on calcitropic hormones: a cross-sectional study of 655 healthy women aged 35 to 90. 757 5

To evaluate the vitamin D status in pregnant Pakistani women living in Oslo, we measured levels of serum calcidiol, calcitriol, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), osteocalcin, free calcium (Ca2+), phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH). Thirty Pakistani and 23 Norwegian women who delivered vaginally after uncomplicated pregnancies were included. The serum levels of calcidiol were significantly lower in the Pakistani group (p < 0.0001) as compared with the Norwegians, the mean values being 15.1 nmol/l and 43.1 nmol/l, respectively. PTH levels were above 5.5 pmol/l in 13 of the Pakistanis, none of the Norwegians. There were no differences in calculated free calcitriol, free calcium and inorganic phosphorus between the groups. Alkaline phosphatase was high, while osteocalcin was low in both groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. This study shows that there is a widespread vitamin D deficiency amongst pregnant Pakistani women living in Oslo, indicating the need for vitamin D supplementation to these women and their children.
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PMID:Vitamin D deficiency amongst Pakistani women in Oslo. 838 12

The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of putative regulatory factors of the calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (P(i)) homeostatic system in the horse. The concentrations of Ca, P(i), vitamin D metabolites, parathyroid hormone (PTH), the activity of the alkaline phosphatase (AP) and the concentration and binding properties of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) were measured in the plasma. In addition, the ability of the renal cortex to hydroxylate calcidiol into 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 was evaluated in vitro. The plasma concentration of Ca (3.2 +/- 0.15 mmol.L-1, N = 100) showed no significant differences between different horse breeds and was not influenced by Ca intake, exercise or by indoor maintenance. The concentration of plasma P(i) which ranged from 0.58 to 1.99 mmol.L-1 was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with the P content of the feed. AP activities in plasma ranging from 131 to 852 U.L-1 were also negatively correlated with age tended to be higher in horses than in other domestic animals. Plasma concentrations of calcidiol and 24,25(OH)2D were much lower than in most other mammals and birds. The concentration and binding properties of DBP to calcidiol were not markedly different from those of other mammals. The mean plasma concentration of calcitriol (55 +/- 24 pmol.L-1, N = 19) was much lower than in other mammals. The plasma concentration of PTH was 218 +/- 181 ng.L-1. In renal cortex homogenates, only 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase activity could be detected (Vmax: 0.42 +/- 0.11 pmol.min-1.mg-1 protein; Km: 373 +/- 263 nmol.L-1). In conclusion, this study provided evidence that in contrast to other species, vitamin D does not appear to play a key role in regulating Ca and P(i) homeostasis in horses.
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PMID:Peculiarities of vitamin D and of the calcium and phosphate homeostatic system in horses. 960 Nov 49

We examined how cholecalciferol (vitamin D) nutrition affected serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) and 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)(2)D). Rats were fed conventional diet (vitamin D, 4.5 IU/g, or 7 nmol/d) or the same diet plus 18 nmol/d of extra vitamin D for 3 wk. The extra vitamin D resulted in greater serum 25(OH)D (51 +/- 3, vs. control of 21 +/- 2 nmol/L), and kidney mRNA for vitamin D receptor [VDR mRNA] (P = 0. 026) and lower serum 1,25(OH)(2)D (72 +/- 16 vs. control of 161 +/- 10 pmol/L, P = 0.001), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (89 +/- 4 vs. control of 160 +/- 15 ng/L, P = 0.001). Kidney VDR mRNA relative to GAPDH mRNA correlated inversely with serum 1,25(OH)(2)D (r = -0.714, P = 0.006). There were no differences in serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, or weight gain. Experiment 2 compared groups supplemented with 0.2, 2 or 20 nmol/d of vitamin D orally, or 20 nmol/d dermally to see how vitamin D nutrition influenced the response of 1,25(OH)(2)D to changes in diet calcium. Vitamin D did not affect urinary calcium or pyridinoline excretion, serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin D binding protein or alkaline phosphatase. In groups given 20 nmol/d of vitamin D, renal mitochondrial 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase was lower (P < 0.01) and 25(OH)D-24-hydroxylase was higher (P < 0.05). Higher 25(OH)D concentration was related to proportionally lower 1,25(OH)(2)D at every calcium intake, indicating greater tissue sensitivity to 1, 25(OH)(2)D. We conclude suppression of 1,25(OH)(2)D and PTH, and higher renal VDR mRNA and 24-hydroxylase did not involve higher free 1,25(OH)(2)D concentration or a first pass effect at the gut. Thus, 25(OH)D or a metabolite other than 1,25(OH)(2)D is a physiological, transcriptionally and biochemically active, noncalcemic vitamin D metabolite.
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PMID:Improved cholecalciferol nutrition in rats is noncalcemic, suppresses parathyroid hormone and increases responsiveness to 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. 1070 88


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