Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.27.5 (RNase)
 17,967 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro metabolism of [14C]toluene by liver microsomes and liver slices from male Fischer F344 rats and human subjects has been compared. Rat liver microsomes produced only benzyl alcohol from toluene. Liver microsomes from human subjects metabolized toluene to benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid. Liver microsomes from one human donor also produced p-cresol and o-cresol. The overall rate of toluene metabolism by human liver microsomes was 9-fold greater than by rat liver microsomes. Human liver microsomal metabolism of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde required NADPH and was inhibited by carbon monoxide and high pH (pH 10). but was not inhibited by ADP-ribose or sodium azide. These results suggest that cytochrome P-450, rather than alcohol dehydrogenase, was responsible for the metabolism of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Human and rat liver slices metabolized toluene to hippuric acid and benzoic acid. The overall rate of toluene metabolism by human liver slices was 1.3-fold greater than by rat liver slices. Cresols and cresol conjugates were not detected in human or rat liver slice incubations. Covalent binding of [14C]toluene to human liver microsomes and slices was 21-fold and 4-fold greater than to the comparable rat liver preparations. Covalent binding did not occur in the absence of NADPH, was significantly decreased by coincubation with cysteine, glutathione, or superoxide dismutase, and was unaffected by coincubation with lysine. Protease and ribonuclease digestion decreased the amount of toluene covalently bound to human liver microsomes by 78% and 27% respectively. Acid washing of human liver microsomes had no effect on covalent binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Metabolism and covalent binding of [14C]toluene by human and rat liver microsomal fractions and liver slices. 198 39

A highly selective affinity labeling procedure has been applied to map the active center of DNA primase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme molecules that have been modified by covalent attachment of benzaldehyde derivatives of adenine nucleotides are autocatalytically labeled by incubation with a radioactive ribonucleoside triphosphate. The affinity labeling of primase requires a template DNA, is not affected by DNase and RNase treatments, but is sensitive to proteinase K. Both the p58 and p48 subunits of yeast DNA primase appear to participate in the formation of the catalytic site of the enzyme, although UV-photocross-linking with [alpha-32P]ATP locates the ribonucleoside triphosphate binding site exclusively on the p48 polypeptide. The fixation of the radioactive product has been carried out also after the enzymatic reaction. Under this condition the RNA primers synthesized by the DNA polymerase-primase complex under uncoupled DNA synthesis conditions are linked to both DNA primase and DNA polymerase. When DNA synthesis is allowed to proceed first, the labeled RNA chains are fixed exclusively to the DNA polymerase polypeptide. These results, in accord with previous data, have been used to propose a model illustrating the interactions and the putative roles of the polypeptides of the DNA polymerase-primase complex.
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PMID:Affinity labeling of the active center and ribonucleoside triphosphate binding site of yeast DNA primase. 264 56

This paper describes an unexpectedly broad ligand specificity of a scavenger receptor of sinusoidal liver cells that is responsible for endocytic uptake of formaldehyde-treated bovine serum albumin (f-Alb). Binding of 125I-f-Alb to the isolated cells was effectively inhibited by bovine serum albumin (BSA) modified with aliphatic aldehydes such as glycolaldehye, DL-glyceraldehyde, and propionaldehyde whereas albumin preparations modified by aromatic aldehydes such as pyridoxal, pyridoxal phosphate, salicylaldehyde, and benzaldehyde did not affect this binding process. Binding of 125I-glycolaldehyde-treated BSA to the cells exhibited a saturation kinetics with an apparent Kd = 3.3 micrograms of the ligand/ml. This binding process was inhibited by unlabeled f-Alb as well as by the antibody raised against the f-Alb receptor. Indeed, 125I-glycolaldehyde-treated BSA underwent a rapid plasma clearance (t1/2 approximately 2 min) which was markedly retarded by unlabeled f-Alb. Upon treatment by these aldehydes, other proteins such as ovalbumin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and hemoglobin were also converted to active ligands for the f-Alb receptor, while no ligand activity was generated with gamma-globulin and RNase A. These results clearly show that the f-Alb receptor, originally described as being specific for f-Alb, exhibits a broad ligand specificity in terms of both aldehydes and proteins and, hence, should be described as a scavenger receptor for aldehyde-modified proteins.
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PMID:Scavenger receptor for aldehyde-modified proteins. 300 83