Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.27.5 (RNase)
 17,967 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pheochromocytomas occur sporadically or in individuals affected by inherited syndromes including multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B, neurofibromatosis, and the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (vHL). Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) also occur sporadically or as part of MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial MTC. Little is known of the molecular genetic background of these tumors. We have shown previously that activation of the N-ras, H-ras, and K-ras oncogenes does not occur in these tumors, but that deletions of the short arm of chromosome 1 are extremely common (> 60%) and may indicate loss of a suppressor gene in the chromosomal region 1p31-36. We have examined the structure and expression of N-myc, c-myc, L-myc, c-mos, nerve growth factor (beta-NGF), and the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) in a series of pheochromocytomas and MTCs from patients with hereditary and sporadic diseases. Southern analysis, using radiolabeled DNA probes, revealed no evidence of amplification or rearrangement of these genes in any normal or tumor tissues except for loss of heterozygosity at the L-myc locus (1p32) in 9 pheochromocytomas from patients with MEN 2A or MEN 2B, in 5 of 11 non-MEN pheochromocytomas, and in 3 of 24 non-MEN MTCs. Gene expression at the RNA level was examined by Northern analysis or ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) using radiolabeled DNA or cRNA probes. C-myc transcripts were detectable at low levels in all tumors tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oncogene and growth factor expression in MEN 2 and related tumors. 136 25

A PTH-related peptide (PTHRP) has been identified and its cDNA cloned from human tumors associated with the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The human PTHRP gene has been recently isolated and found to be a complex transcriptional unit using multiple promoters and containing alternatively spliced 3' exons which result in three mRNA classes, each class encoding a PTHRP with a unique carboxy-terminus. The PTHRP gene appears to be expressed in a number of normal tissues, and PTHRP transcripts have been previously reported to be overexpressed in a small sample of human parathyroid adenomas. In the present study we surveyed RNA prepared from a total of 60 abnormal human parathyroid glands for PTHRP gene expression using a combination of Northern blotting and RNase protection techniques. Apparent overexpression of PTHRP mRNA was observed in two thirds of parathyroid adenomas, whereas no overexpression was found in 7 examples of sporadic primary hyperplasia, 5 examples of secondary hyperplasia, and 3 examples of parathyroid carcinoma. Apparent overexpression was also observed in 1 of 4 cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, 1 of 2 examples of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and 1 gland considered to represent tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Northern analysis of poly(A)+ RNA prepared from three representative adenomas using region-specific probes indicated that two putative promoters are used and revealed a pattern of preferential splicing of transcripts to include the most distal 3' exon. These findings suggest that the PTHRP gene is commonly overexpressed in adenomatous parathyroid glands, but not in sporadic primary hyperplasia, that this overexpression does not seem to be dependent on the use of a single specific promoter, and that adenomatous parathyroid cells appear to preferentially use one of several alternative splicing pathways. It is presently not known whether PTHRP is secreted by abnormal parathyroid tissues and, if so, in what form.
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PMID:Expression of transcripts encoding a parathyroid hormone-related peptide in abnormal human parathyroid tissues. 257 15

Recent transcriptome analyses have shown that thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from mammalian genomes. Although the number of functionally annotated ncRNAs is still limited, they are known to be frequently retained in the nucleus, where they coordinate regulatory networks of gene expression. Some subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies include RNA species whose identity and structural roles are largely unknown. We identified 2 abundant overlapping ncRNAs, MENepsilon and MENbeta (MENepsilon/beta), which are transcribed from the corresponding site in the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) I locus and which localize to nuclear paraspeckles. This finding raises the intriguing possibility that MENepsilon/beta are involved in paraspeckle organization, because paraspeckles are, reportedly, RNase-sensitive structures. Successful removal of MENepsilon/beta by a refined knockdown method resulted in paraspeckle disintegration. Furthermore, the reassembly of paraspeckles disassembled by transcriptional arrest appeared to be unsuccessful in the absence of MENepsilon/beta. RNA interference and immunoprecipitation further revealed that the paraspeckle proteins p54/nrb and PSF selectively associate with and stabilize the longer MENbeta, thereby contributing to the organization of the paraspeckle structure. The paraspeckle protein PSP1 is not directly involved in either MENepsilon/beta stabilization or paraspeckle organization. We postulate a model for nuclear paraspeckle body organization where specific ncRNAs and RNA-binding proteins cooperate to maintain and, presumably, establish the structure.
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PMID:MENepsilon/beta noncoding RNAs are essential for structural integrity of nuclear paraspeckles. 1918 2