Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.27.1 (RNase)
 16,360 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Difficulties with the nondestructive delivery of macromolecules into living cells have limited the potential applications of antibodies, genes, enzymes, peptides, and antisense oligonucleotides in biology and medicine. We have found, however, that the natural endocytosis pathway for the vitamin folate can be exploited to nondestructively introduce macromolecules into cultured cells if the macromolecule is first covalently linked to folate. Thus, treatment of KB cells with folate-conjugated ribonuclease, horseradish peroxidase, serum albumin, IgG, or ferritin allowed delivery of greater than 10(6) copies of the macromolecules within a 2-hr period. Cytochemical staining using 4-chloro-1-naphthol further demonstrated that the horseradish peroxidase retained activity for at least 6 hr after internalization. Since folate is an essential vitamin required in substantial quantities by virtually all cells, these observations may open the possibility of scientific and medical applications for many of the above macromolecules.
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PMID:Delivery of macromolecules into living cells: a method that exploits folate receptor endocytosis. 206 38

Intradermal injection of MY-1, a nucleic acid fraction extracted from Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG, induced in situ infiltration of mononuclear cells, most of which were asialo GM1 (GA1)-positive as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The infiltration occurred with as little as 1 microgram of MY-1 and lasted for a week. Double immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the infiltrating GA1-positive cells were all positive for Ly-5, and partially positive for Thy-1.2, but negative for Mac-1, Ia, mu-chain, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, L3T4, and Fc receptor II. They contained neither peroxidase nor nonspecific esterase. The infiltrating cells thus markedly resembled natural killer (NK) cells in their cytochemical characteristics and surface markers. DNase and RNase destroyed the GA1-positive cell-inducing activity of MY-1. These results indicate that the nucleic acid components of MY-1 are responsible for this effect.
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PMID:In situ infiltration of natural killer-like cells induced by intradermal injection of the nucleic acid fraction from BCG. 248 May 10

The interaction of lactoperoxidase with lysozyme and ribonuclease as well as immunoglobulins from cow milk has been investigated. As gel filtration and enzyme kinetics experiments have shown, the lactoperoxidase was slightly activated by complexing to lysozyme, while IgA and IgM were inhibitory for the peroxidase. Oh the other hand, IgG and ribonuclease had no effect on the enzyme activity although the latter did form a complex with the lactoperoxidase. The interaction between the lysozyme and lactoperoxidase appears to be rather specific since the alteration of the lactoperoxidase sugar moiety by periodate oxidation, prevented the formation of the lactoperoxidase-lysozyme complex.
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PMID:Interaction of lactoperoxidase with enzymes and immunoglobulins in bovine milk. 263 59

The effect of gamma-, 14 MeV neutron- and fission neutron irradiation was investigated on the growth rate and degrading enzyme activities of pea seedlings. Both dormant pea seeds and 4-day-old growing seedlings were used for the experiments. Depending on the gamma dose between 15 and 300 Gy the height of pea seedlings was found shorter, and parallel with this the endogenous RNase and peroxidase activities were higher than in the unirradiated controls. Seedlings proved to be more sensitive by about one order of magnitude than seeds. Irradiation of seeds between 5 and 10 Gy slightly enhanced the growth rate of seedlings (10 per cent) and parallel with this, the RNase activity measured was lower than that in the controls. On irradiation of seedlings with 14 MeV neutrons the growth inhibition and RNase activity enhancement was only 1.3 times more effective than in the case of irradiation of seeds. The following RBE values were obtained after irradiation of seeds, related to the biological effect of gamma rays: in growth inhibition, 6 for 14 MeV neutrons and 12 for fission neutrons, and the enhancement of two enzyme activities was 15-30 for 14 MeV neutrons and 45-58 for fission neutrons. In the case of seedling irradiation with 14 MeV neutrons the RBE was 1.0 for growth inhibition and between 3 and 6 for enhancement of enzyme activity. The isoenzyme pattern of RNase also changed: two isoenzymes became predominant after the gamma irradiation of seeds, characterized by molecular weights of 21,000 and 30,000, respectively. As a result of enhanced RNase activity, the degradation of longer polysomes to monomeric ribosomes occurred. Thus after ionizing irradiation of pea seeds and seedlings an inverse correlation was found between the growth rate of pea seedlings and the activities of degrading enzymes.
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PMID:Inverse correlation between growth and degrading enzyme activity of seedlings after gamma and neutron irradiation of pea seeds. 283 Nov 70

The molybdenum requirement for growth and conidial formation by Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, and A. sulphureus was found to be 0.2 ppb, which was one-fifth that of an A. niger isolate. Molybdenum deficiency depressed growth, conidial formation, dry weight, soluble protein, and the specific activities of nitrate reductase, succinic dehydrogenase, and aconitase in all the isolates of Aspergillus studied, but the specific activities of catalase and peroxidase were depressed only in isolates of A. niger, A. terreus, and A. flavus. Also, molybdenum deficiency stimulated the specific activities of acid phosphatase and ribonuclease in the A. flavus isolate, although the specific activities of these enzymes decreased in other isolates. Eighteen hours after the addition of molybdenum (5 ppb) to molybdenum-deficient (0.02 ppb) cultures of A. niger, the specific activities of catalase, peroxidase and succinic dehydrogenase were restored in the absence of cycloheximide, while the specific activity of nitrate reductase was recovered even in the presence of the inhibitor. There was no effect on the specific activities of aconitase and acid phosphatase following the addition of molybdenum to molybdenum-deficient cultures of A. niger.
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PMID:Molybdenum nutrition of isolates of four Aspergillus species. 309 Dec 28

The peroxidase-labelled IgG fraction of anti-nRNP antibody obtained from a MCTD patient stained the nuclei of almost any kind of cells of man and rat. In addition, the cytoplasma of anterior horn cells of the rat spinal cord was exclusively reacted with this antibody. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of the anterior horn cells were reduced after treatment of tissue sections with RNase.
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PMID:Localization of nRNP antigen in mammalian cells stained with peroxidase-labelled IgG fraction of anti-nRNP antibody obtained from a patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). 311 4

Histological studies using paired immunofluorescence staining and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase staining were performed on sections of rat livers with an antiserum specific for the 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-DNA adduct N-deoxyguanosin-(8-yl)-aminofluorene (dG-8-AF). This is the predominant adduct in rat liver DNA at 5 (80%) and 28 (100%) days of AAF feeding. Nuclear staining was observed in livers of male Fischer rats fed 0.02% AAF for these time periods, and was not present in livers of animals fed control diet or detected when specific antiserum, first absorbed with the immunogen adduct, was utilized. In addition, nuclear staining was unchanged after incubation with RNase and abolished after incubation with DNase. Adducts were not readily detectable when whole-liver adduct concentrations were less than an average of 10(5) adducts per cell (30-50 fmol/micrograms DNA). The overall pattern of adduct distribution in livers of AAF-fed animals was distinctly non-uniform. A predominance of nuclear staining was found in the periportal areas by both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase procedures. In contrast, staining was very weak in the centrilobular areas. When animals were fed AAF for 28 days and control diet subsequently for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days, the overall intensity of the immunohistochemical staining decreased with time on control diet. However, the pattern of localization remained the same as in livers of rats fed AAF for 28 days, with the predominance of adducts being in the periportal areas. In male rats fed 0.02% AAF for 8 weeks, foci positive for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) became apparent, and the nuclei in these areas showed no immunofluorescence, indicating the absence of detectable levels of the dG-8-AF adduct. Twenty adduct-negative areas in the median lobes of three rat livers were positive for GGT, which suggests that loss of ability to form adducts in these regions occurs concomitantly with early phenotypic changes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of DNA adducts in rat liver tissue and phenotypically altered foci during oral administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene. 351 Jul 47

Electron microscope examination of the adrenal cortex from three male human subjects revealed a special type of cell occurring in periendothelial spaces, in all adrenal cortex zones. It is a clear, spindle-shaped cell the principal cytoplasmic features of which are crystalline inclusions with a structure similar to that of the Reinke crystals of human testicular interstitial cells and an abundance of microfilaments. Enzymatic digestions with pronase, pepsin, and ribonuclease were performed, and no digestion of the crystals was obtained. The crystals had no peroxidase or acid phosphatase activities. This cell appears to be exclusive to human males and it may be related to adrenal androgen secretion.
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PMID:A new crystal-containing cell in human adrenal cortex. 434 48

Four proteins, which have been designated A, B, C and D, have been purified from human parotid saliva. These proteins are the major constituents of parotid saliva which migrate rapidly to the anode in polyacrylamide electrophoresis at pH9.5. Gel filtration and polyacrylamide electrophoresis were employed in the purification procedures. After purification all four preparations were tested for homogeneity by electrophoresis at pH2.8 and 9.5, by isoelectric focusing in the pH range 3-10, by immunodiffusion, and by sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge. None of the proteins showed significant activity in assays for amylase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, protease, lysozyme, ribonuclease, peroxidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, iron-binding activity and esterase. No cross-reactions were detected with antisera specific for lactoferrin and 15 serum proteins. All four proteins were rich in glutamic acid, proline and glycine and were lacking completely the sulphur-containing amino acids. Proteins A and C contained no threonine or tyrosine. Carbohydrate could be demonstrated only in protein A at a concentration of 4% of the total protein.
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PMID:Purification and partial characterization of four proteins from human parotid saliva. 500 93

The availability of very high magnetic fields of up to 170,000 gauss made it worthwhile to pursue the search for a critical change in the rate of four enzyme substrate reactions. The four enzymes were ribonuclease, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and aldolase. The experiments showed that, to within +/-3%, no detectable change was observable in the rate of reaction of any of the systems for periods of exposure to the magnetic field of up to 20 min.
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PMID:Enzyme-substrate reactions in very high magnetic fields. I. 604 70


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