Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.27.1 (RNase)
 16,360 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Kidney homogenates from rats injected with egg white and from control rats were fractionated simultaneously into six fractions and the content of acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, cathepsin, and beta-glucuronidase in corresponding fractions from treated and untreated animals was compared. These observations were correlated with the amount of dark brown bottom sediments in fractions NDrI, DrII, and DrIII, and with the number of droplets in fraction NDrI. 2. It was found that after injection of egg white the amount of small droplets decreased as indicated by the decrease of the dark brown bottom layer in the sediment of fraction DrIII and by the concomitant decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the same fraction, and that the number of large droplets increased as indicated by the increase of brown sediment in fraction NDrI and the increase in the number of droplets counted in a bacterial counting chamber in the same fraction. It was concluded that the treatment with egg white induced the transformation of small droplets into large droplets. 3. The decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the fractions containing the small droplets was accompanied by a marked increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. The enzyme content of fraction NDrI was not increased after treatment, although it contained greatly increased numbers of large droplets. Counting of the droplets in this fraction showed decreased enzymatic activity of the average large droplet after treatment with egg white. It was suggested that during the transformation of small into large droplets, a portion of the hydrolytic enzymes was released into the surrounding cytoplasm, and that this was partly responsible for the increased enzyme content of the supernatant fluid after fractionation of the kidney homogenate. In contrast to the four other hydrolytic enzymes, beta-glucuronidase was not increased in the supernatant fluid. 4. Eighteen hours after intraperitoneal injection of egg white, the specific enzymatic activities of kidney homogenates showed a 25 to 35 per cent increase for cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease, no change for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and approximately a 7 per cent decrease for cytochrome oxidase. The increase of cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease in the total homogenate was interpreted as an indication of the formation of new enzymes, and it was suggested that this partly accounted for the increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. 5. The activation of the enzymes by osmotic effects was investigated in vitro by incubation of droplet fractions in the presence of different concentrations of sucrose.
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PMID:Changes in droplet fractions from rat kidney cells after intraperitoneal injection of egg white. 1348 Oct 27

A single dose of 10 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), administered to rats through intragastric intubation, was sufficient to induce many biochemical and histopathological changes in their mammary tissue. Significant increases were observed in the activity levels of the enzymes acid ribonuclease, 5-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase in mammary tissue homogenates of DMBA-treated rats after an experimental period of five months. Histopathological studies of the mammary tissue also revealed malignant epithelial tumors (cribriform carcinoma) induced among 85% of the treated rats, with an incidence of 4 tumors in 12 mammary glands. Nevertheless, administration of 30% soybean in the diet of rats or 5,000 ppm ascorbic acid in their drinking water in addition to DMBA revealed a significant chemoprotective effect against the carcinogenesis induced by DMBA alone. This chemoprotective effect was demonstrated by the normalization of the activity levels of the enzymes studied in mammary tissue homogenates, because most of the enzymes were maintained at near the levels in the control animals. The incidence and number of tumors were also decreased. Cribriform carcinoma was observed in 50% of the rats, and the incidence of the affected glands was 2 in 12 mammary glands among both groups. On the other hand, a less chemoprotective effect was observed due to Vicia faba administration.
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PMID:Effect of soybean, Vicia faba, and vitamin C on the carcinogenicity of DMBA. 1450 48

We previously cloned two distinct cDNA clones, NGR1 and NGR3, encoding S-like ribonucleases (RNases) induced by wounding and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection, respectively, in Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanism of the RNase genes, we analyzed nucleotide sequences of the genes ngr1 (4.1 kbp) and ngr3 (5.3 kbp), containing their structural genes as well as 5'-flanking regions. The ngr1 gene is organized in three exons with two intervening introns, and ngr3 has four exons interrupted by three introns. Primer extension analyses localized single transcription initiation sites at -32 and -99 upstream of the translation initiation codons ATG in the genes ngr1 and ngr3, respectively. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene analysis with serial 5'-deletion mutants as well as a gel shift assay defined the wound-responsive region at residues -509 to -288 in gene ngr1 and a TMV-responsive region at the residues -401 to -174 in ngr3, respectively. Sequence search using PLACE and PlantCARE data bases showed that a wound-responsive element: the WUN-motif, occurs within the wound-responsive region in ngr1, while ngr3 contains several potential cis-regulating elements, such as the elicitor responsiveness element: the W-box, a TMV responsive element: GT1, and the WUN-motif at positions between -401 and -174. These findings suggested that some of these cis-elements may be involved in inducible expressions of ngr1 and ngr3. Furthermore, the gel shift assay suggested that the dissociation of protein factor(s) upon TMV-infection from the regulatory region may cause an inducible expression of ngr3.
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PMID:Genomic cloning of ribonucleases in Nicotiana glutinosa leaves, as induced in response to wounding or to TMV-infection, and characterization of their promoters. 1473 Jan 35

Ribonuclease LE (RNaseLE) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Lukullus) belongs to the widespread RNase T2 family of ribonucleases. With the exception of S-RNases of the solanaceous self-incompatibility system the functions of other members of the RNase T2 family are only barely understood. Using a 2.6-kbp putative promoter sequence of RNaseLE in front of the uidA reporter gene, expression of beta-glucuronidase in developing phloem tissue and, especially, in the meristematic and elongation zones at root tips was detected. The tissue-specific expression accords with the range of cis-acting elements detected in the RNaseLE promoter. RNaseLE mRNA was localized in developing phloem cells but not in mature phloem tissue, suggesting association of RNaseLE expression with phloem development. Histochemical staining of beta-glucuronidase activity as well as detailed inspection of RNaseLE at mRNA, protein and enzyme activity levels revealed that the wound-induced expression of RNaseLE was also restricted to vascular tissue. RNaseLE transcript accumulation detected by in situ hybridization occurred preferentially in phloem and cambial cells of stem sections upon wounding. The data provide evidence for a role of RNaseLE in a tissue-specific wound response and in wound healing of tomato.
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PMID:Phloem-specific expression of the wound-inducible ribonuclease LE from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Lukullus). 1499 95

1. Nine acid hydrolases, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phenylphosphatase and catalase were demonstrated in 0.25m-sucrose homogenates of newborn-rat calvaria. The acid hydrolases were: acid phenylphosphatase, acid beta-glycerophosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta-N-acetylaminodeoxyglucosidase), acid ribonuclease and acid deoxyribonuclease, showing optimum activity at about pH5; cathepsin, beta-galactosidase and hyaluronidase, with optimum activity at about pH3.6. 2. The main kinetic characters of these enzymes have been studied and methods for their quantitative assay have been worked out. The activities present in bone are given and compared with those found in liver. 3. Acid-phosphatase activity was assayed with phenyl phosphate and beta-glycerophosphate as substrates: activities with these two substrates appeared to be due to two different enzymes. Acid phenylphosphatase is particularly labile and is readily inactivated by various physical or chemical agents.
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PMID:Studies on bone enzymes. The assay of acid hydrolases and other enzymes in bone tissue. 1674 42

1. Changes occurring in the activities and latency of acid ribonuclease and beta-glucuronidase have been studied in rat mammary gland during the early phases of mammary involution. 2. It was found that there were rapid increases in the proportions of both enzymes in the ;free' (i.e. unsedimentable) form. The total activities of both enzymes did not show the rapid decrease characteristic of most other enzymes studied during mammary-gland involution. 3. The effects of pretreating the rats with reserpine or the antihistamine drug Phenergan on these lysosomal changes was studied. Neither treatment affected the enzymic redistribution that occurs during early involution. 4. It was concluded that lysosomal rupture occurs as an early manifestation of mammary-gland involution. Although reserpine treatment preserves the histological appearance of the gland and, apparently, inhibits involution, this drug did not prevent the lysosomal changes normally found in suspensions.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzyme changes in enforced mammary-gland involution. 1674 58

Ribonuclease LX (RNaseLX) from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the RNase T2/S-RNase superfamily of plant endoribonucleases and this is a report on the characterization of the RNaseLX gene and its encoded protein as a member of the phosphate starvation response in tomato. RNaseLX gene sequences were cloned by a PCR-assisted approach. RNaseLX promoter sequences contained the conserved binding motif of the transcription factor PHR1 known to mediate phosphate starvation-dependent gene expression. The increase of RNaseLX transcript levels in roots during phosphate starvation correlated with high promoter activity in transgenic plants carrying a PromLX::uidA gene construct and pointed to transcriptional control of RNaseLX expression. Histochemical staining for beta-glucuronidase activity and immunodetection of RNaseLX protein revealed striking RNaseLX expression in main and lateral root tips of phosphate-starved transgenic plants, specifically in epidermal cells, as well as in lateral and adventitious root primordia. Induced RNaseLX expression in roots correlated with stimulated growth and elongation of primary and lateral roots during phosphate deprivation. Phosphate-starvation-induced RNaseLX transcript levels in roots were not modulated by auxin or ethylene. These data indicate that the role of intracellular RNaseLX in the phosphate starvation response is connected with specific RNA turnover processes at the root tip.
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PMID:Tissue-specific expression of tomato Ribonuclease LX during phosphate starvation-induced root growth. 1699 Mar 75

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a positive strand RNA virus that infects mainly Cruciferae plants. In this study, the TYMV genome was modified by inserting an extra subgenomic RNA promoter and a multiple cloning site. This modified TYMV was introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana using a Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transfer system (agroinfiltration). When a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase or green fluorescent protein was expressed using this modified TYMV as a vector, replication of the recombinant viruses, especially the virus containing beta-glucuronidase gene, was severely inhibited. The suppression of replication was reduced by co-expression of viral silencing suppressor genes, such as tombusviral p19, closteroviral p21 or potyviral HC-Pro. As expected, two subgenomic RNAs were produced from the recombinant TYMV, where the larger one contained the foreign gene. An RNase protection assay revealed that the recombinant subgenomic RNA was encapsidated as efficiently as the genuine subgenomic RNA.
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PMID:Replication and encapsidation of recombinant Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA. 1895 22

Ultrastructural cytochemical tests for several enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids were conducted on secretory granules o pound dorsal and subventral esophageal glands of preparasitic second-stage juveniles and the dorsal gland of adult females of Meloidogyne incognita. Secretory granules in the subventral glands of juveniles stained positive for acid phosphatase. Peroxidase, DNase, RNase, cellulase, and nucleic acids were not detected in these granules. Secretory granules in the dorsal gland of adult females stained positive for peroxidase (pH 7.6) in < 50% of the tests, Acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, DNase, RNase, polyphenoloxidase, cellulase, and carbohydrates were not detected in dorsal gland granules in adult females. Positive staining with cobalt thiocyanate, a stain for amino groups of basic proteins, occurred in secretory granules in the dorsal gland, ribosomes, and chromatin in adult females. Ribosomes, nuclei, and secretory granules of the dorsal gland of adult females intensely stained when incubated in three reagents specific for nucleic acid.
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PMID:Ultrastructural Cytochemistry of Secretory Granules of Esophageal Glands of Meloidogyne incognita. 1929 Jan 95


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