Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.27.1 (RNase)
 16,360 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) relays an important signal to hepatocytes during the early stages of an acute inflammatory response, causing an alteration in the expression of several major defense proteins. Additional regulation of this signal could occur either by altering the number of IL-6 receptors (IL-6-R) or of the signal transducing protein, gp130. We employed ribonuclease protection assays to measure the expression of IL-6-R and gp130 mRNA in primary rat hepatocytes in response to IL-6, interleukin-1, dexamethasone, and combinations thereof. Dexamethasone increases receptor mRNA levels 2.7-fold above controls but has no detectable effect on that of gp130. Such treatment increased surface expression of IL-6-R from 600 receptors per cell to greater than 6000, without a change in Kd (2.5-4.6 x 10(-10) M). In contrast to the stimulatory effect of the steroid signal, the inflammatory cytokines, individually and together, down-modulated both the mRNA and the cell surface expression of IL-6-R. These findings demonstrate for the first time that a sensitive control system exists between inflammatory mediators and IL-6-R.
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PMID:Differential regulation of interleukin-6 receptor and gp130 gene expression in rat hepatocytes. 155 Sep 52

We have used SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as a model for differentiating neurons to examine the mechanisms that regulate responses to the neuropoietic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Retinoic acid and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) each induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Cells treated for 24 h with retinoic acid (10 microM) showed a threefold increase in 125I-CNTF binding sites and were up to five times more sensitive to CNTF than untreated cells in stimulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3. TPA (10 nM) induced a transient 42% decrease in 125I-CNTF binding sites after 4 h of treatment that recovered to near control levels after 7 h of continuous exposure. TPA-treated cells showed a decreased sensitivity to CNTF and a sevenfold decrease in levels of STAT3. The retinoic acid-induced increase in 125I-CNTF binding could be prevented by administration of either cycloheximide or actinomycin D, whereas neither agent altered the TPA-induced decrease in 125I-CNTF binding. In addition, levels of mRNA for both the CNTF receptor alpha and gp130 subunits increased twofold as measured by RNase protection after treatment with retinoic acid for 30 h. The increase in CNTF receptor alpha subunit mRNA was not due to a decrease in its turnover rate, and therefore, was likely due to an increase in gene expression. Thus, retinoic acid and TPA regulate CNTF receptors on neuroblastoma cells differently, and the results demonstrate the importance of transcriptional control of CNTF receptors and also implicate translational and post-translational mechanisms in the regulation of cytokine receptors and responses on neurons.
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PMID:Opposing regulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors on neuroblastoma cells by distinct differentiating agents. 898 65

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a novel cytokine that belongs to the interleukin-6 cytokine family, activates gp130 dependent signaling pathway to transduce hypertrophic and cytoprotective signals in cardiac myocytes. To investigate the pathophysiological significance of CT-1 in myocardial disease, the expression of CT-1 was examined after hypoxic stimulation in cardiac myocytes. Highly expressed CT-1 mRNA was observed in embryonic and adult hearts by RNase protection assay. Cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxic stimulation augmented CT-1 mRNA expression. Although CT-1 mRNA was expressed to a higher extent in non-myocardial cells, the expression was not affected with the stimulation. Conditioned medium from cultured cardiac myocytes presented the ability to tyrosine phosphorylate STAT3 through gp130 and that was further augmented with hypoxic conditioned medium. These results demonstrated for the first time that CT-1 expression is augmented after hypoxic stimulation and hypoxic conditioned medium presented enhanced ability to activate STAT3 in cardiac myocytes. CT-1 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Hypoxic stress induces cardiotrophin-1 expression in cardiac myocytes. 1052 82

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of renal dysfunction in both native kidneys and renal allografts. To broaden our understanding of the inflammatory mediators involved in IRI, we used multi-probe RNase protection assays to examine the expression of 26 different cytokine genes in a murine model of renal IRI. We observed that, in addition to up-regulation of IL-1beta and to a lesser extent TNF-alpha, IRI was associated with an intense and sustained up-regulation of three gp130-signaling cytokines, IL-6, IL-11, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), as well as with up-regulation of the neutrophil chemotactic and activating mediator macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were also moderately up-regulated after IRI, whereas mRNA levels of several other inflammatory mediators including IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma, GM-CSF, and RANTES were minimally increased or remained undetectable. These findings identify MIP-2 as an attractive target for inhibition of leukocyte recruitment in renal IRI and also suggest a potentially novel role for gp130-mediated signals in IRI.
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PMID:Prominent and sustained up-regulation of gp130-signaling cytokines and the chemokine MIP-2 in murine renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. 1075 57

Studies in mice have shown that interleukin 11 (IL-11) signalling is required for female fertility. In the absence of IL-11, decidualization is markedly retarded and implantation fails. IL-11 acts via a heterodimeric receptor composed of a ligand-specific receptor alpha chain (IL-11R alpha) and the signalling moiety gp130. This study reports the cloning of genes encoding rat IL-11 and IL-11R alpha. RNase protection was used to demonstrate that expression of IL-11 is upregulated in the rat uterus at the initiation of implantation at 5.5 days after mating. Expression of the genes encoding the two receptor components, IL11Ra and gp130, did not change throughout the peri-implantation period. In situ hybridization studies revealed that, as in mice, expression of IL-11 was high in the primary decidual zone at the time of the attachment reaction, whereas IL11Ra was expressed throughout primary and secondary decidua. Conservation of the temporal and spatial expression of IL-11 and IL-11R alpha in the uterus of the mouse and rat during the peri-implantation period will facilitate future studies investigating the role of IL-11 in fertility.
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PMID:Cloning of rat interleukin 11 and interleukin 11 receptor alpha chain and analysis of their expression in rat uterus in the peri-implantation period. 1157 Sep 67

We searched human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry inhibitors and found a novel anti-HIV protein, actinohivin (AH), in a culture filtrate of the newly discovered genus actinomycete Longispora albida gen. nov., sp. nov. This paper deals with the mechanism of action of the anti-HIV activity of AH. AH exhibited potent anti-HIV activities against various strains of HIV-1 and HIV-2. AH bound to the glycoprotein gp120 of various strains of HIV-1 and gp130 of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), but did not bind to non-glycosylated gp120 nor to cells having CD4 and coreceptors, suggesting that AH inhibits viral entry to cells by binding to the envelope glycoprotein. The investigation of the effects of various sugars on AH-gp120 binding by ELISA revealed that yeast mannan alone strongly inhibited the binding (IC50 = 3.0 microg/ml). Experiments investigating the binding of AH to other glycoproteins revealed that AH binds to ribonuclease B and thyroglobulin that have a high-mannose type saccharide chain, but not to other glycoproteins having a N-glycoside type saccharide chain. The above results indicate that high-mannose type saccharide chains of gp120 are molecular targets of AH in its anti-HIV activity.
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PMID:Actinohivin, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus protein from an actinomycete, inhibits viral entry to cells by binding high-mannose type sugar chains of gp120. 1500 31

The sensitivity to the fibrosis-inducing effect of bleomycin varies considerably from species to species, the reasons for which are unknown. The variability of the response in different strains of mice is well documented. Recent evidence indicates that the upregulated expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors may be involved. We evaluated the expression pattern of some cytokines and their receptors in C57Bl/6J bleomycin-sensitive and Balb/C bleomycin-resistant mice. Animals from both strains received, under ether anesthesia, either saline (50 microl) or bleomycin (0.1 U/50 microl) intratracheally. At various times after the treatment, the lungs were analyzed for cytokines and cytokine receptors by histochemistry and their mRNA by RNase protection assay. A significantly increased expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta was observed in both strains. However, an upregulated lung expression for TNF-alpha and IL-1 receptors was observed in C57Bl/6J-sensitive animals only. This profile is evident from 63 h onward. In addition to TNF-alpha, bleomycin administration also resulted in the upregulated expression of TGF-beta in the lungs of both strains at 8 h and in an enhanced expression of TGF-beta receptors I and II in C57Bl/6J mice only. The upregulation of TGF-beta receptor expression was preceded in this strain by an increased expression of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-13 receptor-alpha (at 8 h after bleomycin) and followed by an upregulation of gp130 and IL-6. The difference we observed in the cytokine receptor profile may offer an additional explanation for the different fibrogenic response of the two mouse strains to bleomycin.
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PMID:Early response to bleomycin is characterized by different cytokine and cytokine receptor profiles in lungs. 1532 84