Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.26.9 (ribonuclease)
 6,589 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synthesis of glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) by the enzyme GlmS initiates bacterial cell envelope biosynthesis. To ensure ongoing synthesis, GlcN6P homeostasis is required. Escherichia coli achieves this through a post-transcriptional control mechanism comprising the RNA-binding protein RapZ and small RNAs (sRNAs) GlmY and GlmZ. GlmZ stimulates glmS translation by base-pairing. When GlcN6P is abundant, GlmZ is cleaved and inactivated by endoribonuclease RNase E. Cleavage depends on RapZ, which binds GlmZ and recruits RNase E. Decreasing GlcN6P concentrations provoke up-regulation of the decoy sRNA GlmY which sequesters RapZ, thereby suppressing GlmZ decay. In our current study we identify RapZ as the GlcN6P sensor. GlcN6P-free RapZ interacts with and stimulates phosphorylation of the two-component system (TCS) QseE/QseF triggering glmY expression. Thereby generated GlmY sequesters RapZ into stable complexes, allowing for glmS expression. Sequestration by GlmY also disables RapZ to stimulate QseE/QseF, providing a negative feed-back loop limiting the response. When GlcN6P is replenished, GlmY is released from RapZ and rapidly degraded. Our work has revealed a complex regulatory scenario, in which an RNA binding protein senses a metabolite and communicates with two sRNAs, a TCS and ribonuclease RNase E to achieve metabolite homeostasis.
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PMID:A multifunctional small RNA binding protein for sensing and signaling cell envelope precursor availability in bacteria. 3206 19

The role of archetypal ribonucleases (RNases) in the physiology and stress endurance of the soil bacterium and metabolic engineering platform Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has been inspected. To this end, variants of this strain lacking each of the most important RNases were constructed. Each mutant lacked either one exoribonuclease (PNPase, RNase R) or one endoribonuclease (RNase E, RNase III, RNase G). The global physiological and metabolic costs of the absence of each of these enzymes were then analysed in terms of growth, motility and morphology. The effects of different oxidative chemicals that mimic the stresses endured by this microorganism in its natural habitats were studied as well. The results highlighted that each ribonuclease is specifically related with different traits of the environmental lifestyle that distinctively characterizes this microorganism. Interestingly, the physiological responses of P. putida to the absence of each enzyme diverged significantly from those known previously in Escherichia coli. This exposed not only species-specific regulatory functions for otherwise known RNase activities but also expanded the panoply of post-transcriptional adaptation devices that P. putida can make use of for facing hostile environments.
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PMID:Ribonucleases control distinct traits of Pseudomonas putida lifestyle. 3308 10

Riboswitches are thought generally to function by modulating transcription elongation or translation initiation. In rare instances, ligand binding to a riboswitch has been found to alter the rate of RNA degradation by directly stimulating or inhibiting nearby cleavage. Here, we show that guanidine-induced pseudoknot formation by the aptamer domain of a guanidine III riboswitch from Legionella pneumophila has a different effect, stabilizing mRNA by protecting distal cleavage sites en masse from ribonuclease attack. It does so by creating a coaxially base-paired obstacle that impedes scanning from a monophosphorylated 5' end to those sites by the regulatory endonuclease RNase E. Ligand binding by other riboswitch aptamers peripheral to the path traveled by RNase E does not inhibit distal cleavage. These findings reveal that a riboswitch aptamer can function independently of any overlapping expression platform to regulate gene expression by acting directly to prolong mRNA longevity in response to ligand binding.
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PMID:Widespread Protection of RNA Cleavage Sites by a Riboswitch Aptamer that Folds as a Compact Obstacle to Scanning by RNase E. 3321 19


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