Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.26.9 (ribonuclease)
 6,589 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The action of beryllium on the following enzymes has been examined: alkaline phosphatase (Escherichia coli and kidney), acid phosphatase, phosphoprotein phosphatase, apyrase (potato), adenosine triphosphatase (liver nuclei, liver mitochondria, brain microsomes), glucose 6-phosphatase, polysaccharide phosphorylases a and b, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, phosphoglyceromutase, ribonuclease, A-esterase (rabbit serum), cholinesterase (horse serum), chymotrypsin. Alkaline phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase are inhibited by 1mum-beryllium sulphate whereas the other enzymes are largely unaffected by 1mm-beryllium sulphate. 2. Possible mechanisms for the inhibition of phosphoglucomutase and alkaline phosphatase are discussed.
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PMID:The inhibition of enzymes by beryllium. 428 87

A method for electrophoretic concentration of differently charged proteins is described. A nonlinear pH gradient is generated by imposing a potential gradient on an electrolyte system composed of (+)H3PO4-valine (pI 6.0)-Servalyte (pH 9-11)-triethylamine(-). Proteins contained in the valine solution accumulate at the interphase formed between the valine solution and the Servalyte solution. This interphase acts as a barrier or liquid membrane to all proteins having isoelectric points in the range 6-9. For proteins having isoelectric points in the range 5-7 valine is replaced by histidine (pI 7.64) and the Servalyte by Pharmalyte, pH 2.5-5.0. Ribonuclease, hexokinase, bovine serum albumin, and hemoglobin were concentrated and recovered from the top of the column using a peristaltic pump. The duration of concentration process was 1-4 h, the length of the run depending on the experiment scale (20 or 100 ml protein solution), the amount of protein, and the isoelectric point of the protein. Proteins were concentrated 9- to 48-fold, depending on the initial volume and concentration of the protein. The recoveries ranged from 79.7 +/- 1.1 for hemoglobin to 93.17 +/- 2.84 for ribonuclease.
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PMID:Electrophoretic concentration of proteins in a nonlinear pH gradient. 673 3

A genomic clone containing sequence identical to the 5' region of the cDNA for rat Type I hexokinase was isolated from a lambda Charon 4A library. A 5.4-kb EcoRI fragment from this clone, containing the matching sequence, was sequenced in its entirety. Rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends (5' RACE), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and ribonuclease protection experiments were consistent with the existence of multiple transcriptional start sites clustered in three regions approximately 460, 300, and 100 nucleotides upstream from the translational start codon. Together with results of previous work, the 5' untranslated sequence defined in the present study accounts for the 4.3-kb mRNA for Type I hexokinase seen on Northern blots. Fragments from the 5' flanking region were cloned into a reporter vector containing the luciferase coding region. Based on transfection experiments with both PC12 and H9c2 cells, promoter activity was associated with a region lying between nucleotide positions -742 and -516 (with A of the ATG codon at the translational start site defined as +1). The promoter region lacks a TATA sequence and, together with the transcriptional start sites, is located within a GC rich segment (a "CpG island") approximately 1 kb in length. These characteristics have previously been associated with the promoter and transcriptional start sites of genes for "housekeeping enzymes."
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PMID:Isolation of the promoter for Type I hexokinase from rat. 891 47

Hexokinase II protein is augmented in denervated skeletal muscle; therefore, we determined if hexokinase II gene transcription rates and mRNA levels are increased with denervation. The right hindlimb skeletal muscles of male rats were denervated while the left hindlimbs were sham operated. Seventy-two h following surgery, rats were sacrificed and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were harvested for nuclear and RNA isolation. Nuclear run-on and ribonuclease protection analyses indicated that denervation increased hexokinase II transcription rates and mRNA levels 42% and 88%, respectively (p < 0.05). Total hexokinase activity rose 23% in denervated gastrocnemius muscle. In conclusion, the increase in hexokinase II gene transcription and mRNA may account for the increase in hexokinase II protein and the subsequent rise in total hexokinase activity in denervated rat skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Transcriptional regulation of hexokinase II in denervated rat skeletal muscle. 929 50

The importance of high-throughput analyses of protein abundances and functions is interestingly increasing in genomic/proteomic studies. In such postgenome sequencing era, a protein-detecting chip, in which a large number of molecules specifically capturing target proteins (capturing agents) such as antibodies, recombinant proteins, and small molecules are arrayed onto solid, wet, or semi-wet substrates, enables comprehensive analysis of proteomes by a single experiment. However, whole proteomes are generally complicated for comprehensive analyses so that alternative approaches to subproteome analysis categorized by protein functions and binding properties (focused proteome) would be effective. Approaching the goal of development of designed peptide chip for protein analysis, diversity increases in peptide structures and validation of target proteins are needed. We herein describe design and synthesis of nucleobase amino acid (NBA)-containing peptides, selection of nucleic acid-related proteins derived from S. cerevisiae, and detection of interactions between NBA-containing peptides and T7 phages displaying proteins by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and label-free anomalous reflection of gold (AR) measurements. Twenty-eight phage clones were obtained by the phage-display method and sequenced. Ten of 28 clones were expected to be nucleic acid-related proteins including initiation factor, TYB protein, ribosomal proteins, elongation factor, ATP synthase subunit, GTP-binding protein, and ribonuclease. Other phage clones encoded several classes of enzymes such as reductase, oxidase, aldolase, metalloprotease, and hexokinase. Both ELISA and AR measurements suggested that the methodology of in vitro selection for recognition of the NBA-containing peptide presented in this study was successfully established. Such a combination of NBA and phage display technologies would be potential to efficiently confirm valuable target proteins binding specifically to capturing agents, to be arrayed onto solid surfaces to develop the designed peptide chip.
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PMID:Interactions between peptides containing nucleobase amino acids and T7 phages displaying S. cerevisiae proteins. 1720 24