Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.26.9 (ribonuclease)
6,589 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Potassium efflux through Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels (K[Ca] channels) is increased in arterial smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. The goal of this study was to compare the levels of K(Ca) channel current between aortic smooth muscle cells from adult Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and then use Western blot methods and ribonuclease protection assays to examine the expression and mRNA levels for the K(Ca) channel in these same vascular tissues. Whole-cell patch-clamp methods indicated a larger component of K(Ca) channel current, sensitive to block by iberiotoxin (100 nmol/L), in single aortic smooth muscle cells from SHR compared with WKY. Subsequent Western blot analysis using a site-specific antibody (anti-alpha[913-926]) directed against the S9/S10 linker of the alpha-subunit of the K(Ca), channel revealed a 125-kD immunoreactive band in lanes loaded with either WKY or SHR aortic muscle membranes. The immunoreactive density of this band, which corresponded to the known molecular size of the alpha-subunit, was 2.2-fold greater in lanes loaded with aortic smooth muscle membranes from the hypertensive animals. However, despite this evidence for an increased expression and functional enhancement of K(Ca) channels in aortic smooth muscle membranes of SHR, ribonuclease protection assays with a 32P-labeled riboprobe targeted against the S9/S10 linker of the K(Ca) channel alpha-subunit revealed no difference in mRNA levels for the alpha-subunit between WKY and SHR aortic tissue. These findings provide initial evidence that (1) an increased expression of K(Ca) channels may be a mechanism for the enhanced K(Ca) current in aortic smooth muscle membranes of SHR, and (2) the upregulation of K(Ca) channels in arterial muscle membranes during hypertension, which is regarded as a homeostatic mechanism for buffering vascular excitability, may rely on posttranscriptional events.
...
PMID:Increased expression of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels in aorta of hypertensive rats. 940 60

The role of calcium in the regulation of GnRH gene expression and the mechanism for its effects were examined in the present study. Using the immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cell line, which synthesizes and secretes GnRH, we demonstrated by ribonuclease protection assay and Northern blot analysis that these cells respond to treatment with the calcium ionophores ionomycin and A23187 with an inhibition of transcription of the GnRH gene and decreases in GnRH messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Ionomycin treatment caused the GnRH mRNA half-life to decrease from 25 to 9 h, concomitant with a decrease in mRNA poly(A) tail length, suggesting that ionomycin causes a decrease in GnRH mRNA stability. The ionomycin inhibitory effect on GnRH cytoplasmic mRNA levels was significantly inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide or the RNA synthesis inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1beta-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, indicating that novel protein/RNA synthesis is obligatory for this effect. We conclude that an increase in calcium levels caused by ionomycin inhibits GnRH gene expression at multiple levels, including GnRH gene transcription and mRNA stability in GT1-7 cells.
...
PMID:The role of calcium in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene in GT1-7 cells. 960 73

Young animals adapt to a low calcium diet by increasing renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], the active metabolite of vitamin D. However, the capacity of adult animals to adapt is markedly diminished. With the recent cloning of the cytochrome P450 component (CYP1a) of the renal 1-hydroxylase enzyme complex, it is now possible to determine directly the effect of dietary calcium and maturation on the expression of renal 1-hydroxylase. Using a ribonuclease protection assay, it was found that feeding a low Ca diet markedly increased renal CYP1a mRNA levels in young rats. However, feeding this diet to adult rats produced an increase in CYP1a mRNA that was only 10% that of the young rats. These studies demonstrate that a low calcium diet increases renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in young animals but not in adult animals by increasing CYP1a expression. Since the low calcium diet increased plasma parathyroid hormone levels to similar levels in both age groups, this suggests that in the adult there is a renal refractoriness to parathyroid hormone.
...
PMID:Capacity of a low calcium diet to induce the renal vitamin D 1a-hydroxylase is decreased in adult rats. 1004 79

There is growing evidence that alterations in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis may play a role in processes of brain aging and neurodegeneration. There also is evidence that some of the altered Ca2+ homeostasis in hippocampal neurons may arise from an increased density of L-type voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels (L-VSCC). In the present studies, we tested the possibility that previously observed increases in functional L-VSCC with aging might be related to up-regulated gene/mRNA expression for Ca2+ channel subunits. A significant aging-related increase in mRNA content for the alpha1D subunit of the L-type VSCC was observed in hippocampus of aged F344 rats (25 months old) relative to young (4 months old) and middle-aged animals (13 months old), as assessed by both in situ hybridization analyses (densitometry and grain density) and ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). In RPA analyses, the alpha1C subunit mRNA also showed a significant increase in 25-month-old rats. No age changes were seen in mRNA for the beta1b subunit of VSCC or for GAPDH, a standard control. The clearest increases in alpha1D mRNA expression were observed in subfield CA1, with little or no change seen in dentate gyrus. Although these results alone do not demonstrate that mRNA/gene expression changes contribute directly to changes in functional Ca2+ channels, they clearly fulfill an important prediction of that hypothesis. Therefore, these studies may have important implications for the role of gene expression in aging-dependent alterations in brain Ca2+ homeostasis.
...
PMID:Up-regulation of alpha1D Ca2+ channel subunit mRNA expression in the hippocampus of aged F344 rats. 1019 18

Recently published results (Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 5573-5580, 1998) suggest that the ribonuclease sensitivity of the DNA demethylation reaction may be an experimental artifact due to the possible tight binding of the nucleases to the methylated DNA substrate. Using an improved protocol we show for two different systems that demethylation of hemimethylated DNA is indeed sensitive to micrococcal nuclease, requires RNA and is not an experimental artifact. The purified 5-MeC-DNA glycosylase from chicken embryos and G8 mouse myoblasts was first incubated for 5 min at 37 degrees C with micrococcal nuclease in the presence of Ca2+ in the absence of the DNA substrate. Upon blocking the nuclease activity by the addition of 25 mM EGTA, the DNA demethylation reaction was initiated by adding the labeled hemimethylated DNA substrate to the reaction mixture. Under these conditions the DNA demethylation reaction was abolished. In parallel controls, where the purified 5-MeC-DNA glycosylase was pre-incubated at 37 degrees C with the nuclease, Ca2+ and EGTA or with the nuclease and EGTA, RNA was not degraded and no inhibition of the demethylation reaction was obtained. As has already been shown for chicken embryos, the loss of 5-MeC-DNA glycosylase activity from G8 myoblasts following nuclease treatment can also be restored by the addition of synthetic RNA complementary to the methylated strand of the substrate DNA. No reactivation of 5-MeC-DNA glycosylase is obtained by complementation with a random RNA sequence, the RNA sequence complementary to the non-methylated strand or DNA, thus ruling out a non-specific competition of the RNA for the binding of the nuclease to the labeled DNA substrate.
...
PMID:A re-investigation of the ribonuclease sensitivity of a DNA demethylation reaction in chicken embryo and G8 mouse myoblasts. 1033 42

Calcium signaling critical to neural functions is mediated through Ca(2+) channels localized on both the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum. Whereas Ca(2+) influx occurs via the voltage- or/and ligand-sensitive Ca(2+) channels, Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores that amplifies further the Ca(2+) signal is thought to be involved in more profound and lasting changes in neurons. The ryanodine receptor, one of the two major intracellular Ca(2+) channels, has been an important target for studying Ca(2+) signaling in brain functions, including learning and memory, due to its characteristic Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release. In this study, we report regional and cellular distributions of the type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) mRNA in the rat brain, and effects of spatial learning on RyR2 gene expression at mRNA and protein levels in the rat hippocampus. Using in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and ribonuclease protection assays, significant increases in RyR2 mRNA were found in the hippocampus of rats trained in an intensive water maze task. With immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, protein levels of RyR2 were also demonstrated to be increased in the microsomal fractions prepared from hippocampi of trained rats. These results suggest that RyR2, and hence the RyR2-mediated Ca(2+) signals, may be involved in memory processing after spatial learning. The increases in RyR2 mRNA and protein at 12 and 24 h after training could contribute to more permanent changes such as structural modifications during long-term memory storage. Zhao, W., Meiri, N., Xu, H., Cavallaro, S., Quattrone, A., Zhang, L., Alkon, D. A. Spatial learning induced changes in expression of the ryanodine type II receptor in the rat hippocampus.
...
PMID:Spatial learning induced changes in expression of the ryanodine type II receptor in the rat hippocampus. 1065 85

The goal of this study was to determine whether hypoxia alters expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the systemic circulation. Rats breathed either air or 10% oxygen for 12 hours, 48 hours, or 7 days. Thoracic aortas were excised and either mounted in organ bath myographs or frozen in liquid nitrogen for later extraction of protein and RNA. eNOS protein (Western blotting) was decreased (20% of normoxic control) after 12 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days of hypoxia. eNOS mRNA (ribonuclease protection assay) was similarly reduced. Acetylcholine (10(-4) mol/L) reversed phenylephrine (10(-5) mol/L) preconstriction by 53.3+/-5.6% in aortic rings from normoxic rats and 26.1+/-4.8% in rings from rats exposed to hypoxia for 48 hours (P<0.05), with comparable impairment of relaxation by the calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-5) mol/L). Responses to diethylamine nitric oxide and 8-bromo-cGMP were unaffected. Aortic cGMP levels after incubation with acetylcholine (10(-6) mol/L) averaged 14.0+/-1.8 fmol/mg in rings from normoxic rats compared with 8.7+/-1.0 fmol/mg in rings from hypoxic rats (P<0. 05). Similarly, nitrate concentration (by capillary electrophoresis) in the media in which the rings were incubated was reduced in the hypoxic group (5.6+/-0.23 micromol/L for hypoxic rats and 7.8+/-0.7 micromol/L for normoxic rats). Impaired endothelial NO release may handicap the vascular responses that defend vital organ function during hypoxia.
...
PMID:Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat aorta after prolonged hypoxia in vivo. 1074 3

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes; PMN) are phagocytic cells instrumental in the clearance of infectious pathogens. Human PMN are commonly thought to respond primarily to chemokines from the CXC family. However, recent findings suggest that under specific cytokine activation conditions, PMN can also respond to some CC chemokines. In this study, the effect of GM-CSF, a well-characterized PMN priming and maturation factor, on CC-chemokine receptor (CCR) expression in PMN was investigated. Constitutive expression of CCR1 and CCR3 mRNA in PMN was detected by ribonuclease protection assay. Following incubation of PMN with GM-CSF (0.01-10 ng/ml; 6 h) CCR1 mRNA expression was rapidly (approximately 1 h) up-regulated. In contrast, no significant induction of CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, or CCR5 mRNA was observed. CCR1 protein was also up-regulated by GM-CSF stimulation. GM-CSF-induced up-regulation of CCR1 showed functional consequences because GM-CSF-treated PMN, but not control cells, responded to the CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, and RANTES in assays of chemotactic migration and intracellular calcium mobilization. These results suggest that PMN activated by the proinflammatory cytokine GM-CSF can change their receptor expression pattern and become responsive to CC chemokines.
...
PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor up-regulates CCR1 in human neutrophils. 1114 99

The antiproliferative action of the guanine-specific ribonuclease secreted by Bacillus intermedius (binase) was studied in different chicken and mouse cell lines. The proliferation rate of chicken embryo fibroblasts, either normal or Rous sarcoma virus-transformed, was significantly reduced by binase treatment. Among mouse fibroblasts, v-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells were sensitive to binase, whereas the growth of non-transformed, v-src-transformed or v-fms-transformed NIH3T3 cells was not affected. A 48 h treatment with binase inhibited the Ca2+-dependent K+ current of v-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells but had no effect on this membrane current in non-transformed and in v-src- or v-fms-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Our results suggest that mammalian cells expressing the ras-oncogene are a potential target for the antiproliferative action of binase.
...
PMID:Bacillus intermedius ribonuclease as inhibitor of cell proliferation and membrane current. 1116 12

In the present work, we investigated whether IGF-1 regulates the transcription of the genes encoding the L-type Ca2+ channel (DHPR) channel and RyR1 in young adult and senescent mice. To this end, a transgenic mouse model overexpressing IGF-1 exclusively in skeletal muscle (S1S2) was studied at different ages and the results were compared with wild type age-matched mice (FVB). We found that ribosomal RNA expression did not change significantly either with age or IGF-1 according to ribonuclease protection and nuclear run-on transcription assays. Transgenic overexpression of IGF-1 resulted in marked increases in skeletal muscle DHPR alpha(1S) and RyR1 mRNA in young and old mice and in enhanced DHPR alpha(1S) nuclear transcription in skeletal muscles from young mice when normalized to 28S ribosomal RNA. These results support the concept that IGF-1 regulates the expression of DHPR by modulating DHPR alpha(1S) nuclear transcription.
...
PMID:Age-dependent IGF-1 regulation of gene transcription of Ca2+ channels in skeletal muscle. 1124 Jan 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---