Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:3.1.26.9 (
ribonuclease
)
6,589
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Background:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
colonize the human nasopharynx in the form of biofilms. The biofilms act as bacterial reservoirs and planktonic bacteria from these biofilms can migrate to other sterile anatomical sites to cause pneumonia, otitis media (OM), bacteremia and meningitis. Human amniotic membrane contains numerous growth factors and antimicrobial activity; however, these have not been studied in detail. In this study, we prepared amniotic membrane extract and chorionic membrane extract (
AME
/CME) and evaluated their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against
S. pneumoniae
using an
in vitro
biofilm model and
in vivo
OM rat model.
Materials and Methods:
The
AME
/CME were prepared and protein was quantified using DC
TM
(detergent compatible) method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using broth dilution method, and the synergistic effect of
AME
/CME with Penicillin-streptomycin was detected checkerboard. The
in vitro
biofilm and
in vivo
colonization of
S. pneumoniae
were studied using microtiter plate assay and OM rat model, respectively. The
AME
/CME-treated biofilms were examined using scanning electron microscope and confocal microscopy. To examine the constituents of
AME
/CME, we determined the proteins and peptides of
AME
/CME using tandem mass tag-based quantitative mass spectrometry.
Results:
AME
/CME treatment significantly (
p
< 0.05) inhibited
S. pneumoniae
growth in planktonic form and in biofilms. Combined application of
AME
/CME and Penicillin-streptomycin solution had a synergistic effect against
S. pneumoniae.
Biofilms grown with
AME
/CME were thin, scattered, and unorganized.
AME
/CME effectively eradicated pre-established pneumococci biofilms and has a bactericidal effect.
AME
treatment significantly (
p
< 0.05) reduced bacterial colonization in the rat middle ear. The proteomics analysis revealed that the
AME
/CME contains hydrolase,
ribonuclease
, protease, and other antimicrobial proteins and peptides.
Conclusion:
AME
/CME inhibits
S. pneumoniae
growth in the planktonic and biofilm states via its antimicrobial proteins and peptides.
AME
/CME are non-cytotoxic, natural human product; therefore, they may be used alone or with antibiotics to treat
S. pneumoniae
infections.
...
PMID:Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects of Human Amniotic/Chorionic Membrane Extract on
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. 2908 28
