Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.26.9 (ribonuclease)
 6,589 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation was designed to characterize the immunoprotective antigen of ribosomal preparations from Haemophilus influenzae. The ribosomes that elicited 80 to 90% protection contained 25% protein and 75% ribonucleic acid but did not contain any detectable hexoses. The immunodiffusion and hemagglutination inhibition tests also failed to demonstrate that the capsular material (polyribose phosphate) was in ribosomal preparations. Treatment of ribosomes with ribonuclease degraded 78% ribonucleic acid but did not affect the immunogenicity of such preparations. The proteolytic enzymes reduced the immunogenicity of ribosomes corresponding to the amount of protein degraded. The protection elicited by ribosomal protein extracted with 2-chloroethanol was comparable to that induced by intact ribosomes. In contrast, the low levels of protection observed by immunization with phenol-extracted ribonucleic acid were dependent on the amounts of contaminating protein. Finally, immunogenicity of ribosomal ribonucleic acid and protein was abrogated by treatment with proteolytic enzymes. These results clearly indicate that the protein associated with Haemophilus ribosomes is the major immunoprotective antigen.
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PMID:Characterization of the immunoprotective antigen of ribosomal preparations from Haemophilus influenzae. 30 44

Hybrid dynamic coating using n-dodecyl beta-d-maltoside (DDM) and methyl cellulose (MC) has been developed for suppression of analyte adsorption and electroosmotic flow (EOF) in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) channel. The adsorption of APTS-labeled sugars in a PMMA channel was obviously suppressed with DDM dynamic coating; however, EOF was reduced only by a factor of approximately 25%, resulting in irreproducible separations. In contrast, both analyte adsorption and EOF in a PMMA channel were efficiently minimized with MC coating; however, concentrated MC above 0.3% was required to achieve high-performance separations, which greatly increased viscosity of the solution and caused difficulties during buffer loading and rinsing. In addition, n-dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride did not show observable effects on reducing analyte adsorption, although it has the same hydrophobic alkyl chain as DDM. These results strongly indicated that the polysaccharide moiety of surface modifiers has a specific affinity to surface charges and is crucial to achieving efficient and stable dynamic coating on the PMMA surface. Hybrid dynamic coating with 0.25% DDM and 0.03% MC was found to minimize both analyte adsorption and EOF in a PMMA channel to a negligible level, while still keeping a low viscosity of the solution. High-speed and high-throughput profiling of the N-linked glycans derived from alpha1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and ribonuclease B was demonstrated in both single-channel and 10-channel PMMA chips using DDM-MC hybrid coating. We propose that DDM-MC hybrid coating might be a general method for suppressing analyte adsorption and EOF in polymer MCE devices. The current MCE-based method might be a promising alternative for high-throughput screening of carbohydrate alterations in glycoproteins.
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PMID:Hybrid dynamic coating with n-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside and methyl cellulose for high-performance carbohydrate analysis on poly(methyl methacrylate) chips. 1650 93

The synthetic polyribonucleotides adenylic acid (poly A), uridylic acid (poly U), cytidylic acid (poly C), and inosinic acid (poly I), whether single- or double-stranded (poly A:U, poly I:C), cannot replace mycobacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the production of a high immune response in CF-1 mice against tuberculous disease. These conclusions are based on the results of several types of experiments. (i) Poly A and poly U, used either singly or in combination, did not increase the immunogenicity of mycobacterial RNA preparations whether emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) or not emulsified. (ii) Mycobacterial ribosomal protein, extracted with 2-chloroethanol, was not immunogenic; the addition of poly A:U to the protein did not produce an immune response and FIA did not affect these results. (iii) The RNA left after the protein was extracted was partially immunogenic when emulsified in FIA even though it was partially degraded. (iv) Mycobacterial RNA prepared with ethyl alcohol and partially degraded with ribonuclease had a significantly lower immunogenic activity, and the original higher immune response was not restored by the addition of poly A:U. (v) Mycobacterial RNA totally degraded by weak alkali was not immunogenic, the original immunogenic activity was not restored by the addition of poly A:U or poly I:C, and FIA again did not influence the results. These findings suggest that (i) protein, polypeptides, or other antigenic fragments, if present, are not the specific immunogens; and (ii) mycobacterial RNA is responsible for the high immunogenic activity of mycobacterial ribosomal and RNA preparations. In addition, since the double-stranded forms of these synthetic polynucleotides markedly potentiate the formation of circulating antibodies, these results also reemphasize the lack of correlation between conventional antibody formation and immunity against tuberculosis.
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PMID:Failure of synthetic polynucleotides to affect the immunogenicity of mycobacterial ribonucleic Acid and ribosomal protein preparations. 1655 31