Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.26.9 (ribonuclease)
 6,589 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two antigenic variants of visna virus were isolated sequentially from a single sheep inoculated with a plaque-purified strain of virus designated 1514. The genetically stable variants, LV1-1 and LV1-4, are of two classes: LV1-1 is partially neutralized by antibody to the inoculum strain 1514, while LV1-4 is not neutralized by antibody to 1514. The genetic mechanism responsible for generating the antigenic variants was investigated by comparing the chymotryptic and tryptic maps of the envelope glycoprotein gp135 and core polypeptides (p30, p16, p14), and by comparing the pattern of large oligonucleotides produced by digestion of the RNAs by T1 ribonuclease. We show that only the peptide maps of gp135 differ among strains, that the number of peptide fragments altered is small and that gp135 is the polypeptide that elicits neutralizing antibody. The maps of the RNAs are identical. We conclude that mutation in the glycoprotein gene rather than recombination is more probably responsible for antigenic variation, and speculate on the special aspects of visna virus replication relevant to this phenomenon.
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PMID:Antigenic variation in visna virus. 22 3

The expression of different cell cycle proteins in terminally differentiated neurons apparently precedes cell death or contributes to pathogenetic progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), physiologically involved in mitotic processes of proliferating cells, are elevated in neurons prone to dedifferentiation and degeneration. Previously, it was shown that even inhibitors of the Cdks as p16(INK4a), p18(INK4c) or p27(KIP1) are expressed in neurons of AD patients, indicating a rather complete involvement of cell cycle machinery in affected neurons. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the non-classical cyclin C in the pathogenetic process of AD. A marked elevated immunoreactivity of cyclin C was found both in neurons and astrocytes in AD. Increased levels of cyclin C RNA were detected by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) in severe AD cases. Colocalization of cyclin C and its preferred binding partner, Cdk8, was only observed in astrocytes but not in neurons. The present observations suggest different cellular functions of cyclin C in neurons and astrocytes in AD.
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PMID:Cyclin C expression is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. 1260 Jul 19

Frog ribonucleases have been demonstrated to have anticancer activities. However, whether RC-6 ribonuclease exerts anticancer activity on human embryonal carcinoma cells remains unclear. In the present study, RC-6 induced cytotoxicity in NT2 cells (a human embryonal carcinoma cell line) and our studies showed that RC-6 can exert anticancer effects and induce caspase-9 and -3 activities. Moreover, to date, there is no evidence that frog ribonuclease-induced cytotoxicity effects are related to cellular senescence. Therefore, our studies showed that RC-6 can increase p16 and p21 protein levels and induce cellular senescence in NT2 cells. Notably, similar to retinoic acid-differentiated NT2 cells, neuron-like morphology was found on some remaining live cells after RC-6 treatment. In conclusion, our study is the first to demonstrate that RC-6 can induce cytotoxic effects, caspase-9/-3 activities, cellular senescence and neuron-like morphology in NT2 cells.
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PMID:RC-6 ribonuclease induces caspase activation, cellular senescence and neuron-like morphology in NT2 embryonal carcinoma cells. 2453 4