Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.26.3 (RNase III)
 1,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific endonucleases belonging to RNase III classes 3 and 2 process dsRNA precursors to small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA, respectively, thereby initiating and amplifying RNA silencing-based antiviral defense and gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. However, we now provide evidence that a class 1 RNase III is involved in suppression of RNA silencing. The single-stranded RNA genome of sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) encodes an RNase III (RNase3) homologous to putative class 1 RNase IIIs of unknown function in rice and Arabidopsis. We show that RNase3 has dsRNA-specific endonuclease activity that enhances the RNA-silencing suppression activity of another protein (p22) encoded by SPCSV. RNase3 and p22 coexpression reduced siRNA accumulation more efficiently than p22 alone in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves expressing a strong silencing inducer (i.e., dsRNA). RNase3 did not cause intracellular silencing suppression or reduce accumulation of siRNA in the absence of p22 or enhance silencing suppression activity of a protein encoded by a heterologous virus. No other known RNA virus encodes an RNase III or uses two independent proteins cooperatively for RNA silencing suppression.
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PMID:Viral class 1 RNase III involved in suppression of RNA silencing. 1589 Sep 61

Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus) belongs to the family Closteroviridae, members of which have a conserved overall genomic organization but are variable in gene content. In the bipartite criniviruses, heterogeneity is pronounced in the 3'-proximal region of RNA1, which in sweet potato chlorotic stuat virus (SPCSV) encodes two novel proteins, RNase3 (RNase III endonuclease) and p22 (RNA silencing suppressor). This study showed that two Ugandan SPCSV isolates contained the p22 gene, in contrast to three isolates of the East African strain from Tanzania and Peru and an isolate of the West African strain from Israel, which were missing a 767 nt fragment of RNA1 that included the p22 gene. Regardless of the presence of p22, all tested SPCSV isolates acted synergistically with potyvirus sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) in co-infected sweetpotato plants (Ipomoea batatas), which greatly enhanced SPFMV titres and caused severe sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD). Therefore, the results indicate that any efforts to engineer pathogen-derived RNA silencing-based resistance to SPCSV and SPVD in sweetpotato should not rely on p22 as the transgene. The data from this study demonstrate that isolates of this virus species can vary in the genes encoding RNA silencing suppressor proteins. This study also provides the first example of intraspecific variability in gene content of the family Closteroviridae and may be a new example of the recombination-mediated gene gain that is characteristic of virus evolution in this virus family.
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PMID:Analysis of gene content in sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus RNA1 reveals the presence of the p22 RNA silencing suppressor in only a few isolates: implications for viral evolution and synergism. 1819 89

Viruses encode silencing suppressor proteins to counteract RNA silencing. Because dsRNA plays a key role in silencing, a general silencing suppressor strategy is dsRNA binding. The p22 suppressor of the plant virus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) has been described as having one of the longest lasting local suppressor activities. However, the mechanism of action of p22 has not been characterized. Here, we show that ToCV p22 binds long dsRNAs in vitro, thus interfering with their processing into small RNAs (sRNAs) by an RNase III-type Dicer homolog enzyme. Additionally, we have studied whether a putative zinc finger motif found in p22 has a role in dsRNA binding and suppressor function. The efficient ability of p22 to suppress RNA silencing, triggered by hairpin transcripts transiently expressed in planta, supports the relationship between its ability to bind dsRNA in vitro and its ability to inhibit RNA silencing in vivo.
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PMID:The p22 RNA silencing suppressor of the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus preferentially binds long dsRNAs preventing them from cleavage. 2662 53