Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.25.1 (deoxyribonuclease)
1,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyaluronate lyase (hyaluronidase) has been purified and characterized from a group A type 4 Streptococcus. Production of the enzyme was favored by growth in trypsinized veal infusion in the presence of hyaluronate oligosaccharide and tetrasaccharide. Detectable enzymatic activity was diminished in the presence of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. Purification of hyaluronate lyase consisted of 40 to 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl A-50 Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration with G-200 Sephadex, and adsorption to Sepharose 6B. Purified enzyme was antigenically homogeneous and free of proteinase, deoxyribonuclease, streptolysin 0, and streptokinase. Active hyaluronate lyase was recovered from neutral polyacrylamide gels, and it appeared to be a glycoprotein. A single band was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide electrophoresis, which had a molecular weight of approximately 50,000. A molecular weight of 70,000 was observed by gel filtration. The purified enzyme had a Km of 3.8 x 10(-4) and a pH optimum of 6.0. Reducing agents increased the activity of crude enzyme at least threefold and were necessary to prevent inactivation of the purified enzyme.
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PMID:Purification and properties of streptococcal hyaluronate lyase. 0 65

Comparison of the serum titers obtained with the Streptozyme, the antistreptolysin O, the antideoxyribonuclease B, and the antistreptohyaluronidase tests suggested that the Streptozyme test had failed to detect antibodies against streptococcal deoxyribonuclease B and hyaluronidase. Moreover, sera that were negative in the Streptozyme test could be shown by immunodiffusion to possess significant numbers of precipitins against extracellular factors produced by group A streptococci. Follow-up studies on patients with diagnosed streptococcal infections revealed elevated antideoxyribonuclease and streptohyaluronidase titers and increased numbers of precipitation lines without simultaneous increased titers by the Streptozyme test. There is thus a need for stricter control of possible batch-to-batch variations and more careful standardization of the antigen content of the Streptozyme test.
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PMID:Discrepancy between results of the Streptozyme test and those of the antideoxyribonulcease B and antihyaluronidase tests. 9 11

Optimal conditions for detecting staphylokinase, phosphatase, protease, lipase, esterase, egg yolk factor, lysozyme, deoxyribonuclease, hyaluronidase, penicillinase, and alpha-, beta-, and delta-hemolysins in cell-free filtrates of selected strains of staphylococci by agar plate methods were established by studying the effect of factors such as buffer composition, pH, ionic strength, type of agar, nature and concentration of substrate, and certain metal ions. The final tests that evolved from this study are simple to perform, require only 6 mul of the sample per test, and are capable of detecting microgram and, in some cases, nanogram quantities of the product. The zones of reaction can also be quantitatively related to the amount of material present. The test may also be useful for the detection of extracellular products of other microorganisms.
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PMID:Agar plate tests of enhanced sensitivity for detecting biologically active products of staphylococcal filtrates. 18 61

The extracellular production of hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase was demonstrated in all of the subspecies of Bacteroides fragilis tested with the exception of B. fragilis subsp. vulgatus. Elastase was found only in one strain of B. coagulans tested. This appears to be the first report of these enzyme activities in this genus. Additional enzymes found to be produced by certain members othis genus were fibrinolysin, penicillinase, lysozyme, lecithinase, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, protease, and lipase.
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PMID:Extracellular enzymes of the genus Bacteroides. 18 84

Three methods at present available for the purification of staphylococcal delta-haemolysin were compared as to the purity and identify of the product obtained. None yielded a pure preparation of delta-haemolysin; one of the three preparations did not contain demonstrable delta-haemolysin when tested electrophoretically, but it contained deoxyribonuclease, penicillinase, phosphatase and alpha-haemolysin. The second preparation had delta-haemolysin activity and was free of alpha-haemolysin, but it contained lipase, egg-yolk factor, esterase, deoxyribonuclease, penicillinase, phosphatase and hyaluronidase. The third preparation contained all of the products mentioned above, except phosphatase, and it also contained alpha-haemolysin, staphylokinase, lysozyme and caseinase. These findings are discussed with special reference to the requirement for criteria of purity in work with staphylococcal products.
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PMID:Purity of staphylococcal delta-haemolysin obtained by three different procedures. 18 51

The production of chondroitin sulfatase, hyaluronidase, deoxyribonuclease, gelatinase, phosphatase, lecithinase, and hemolysins was examined in 95 strains of Propionibacterium acnes and four related species of anaerobic, respectively, microaerophilic coryneform bacteria (P. avidum, P. lymphophilum, P. granulosum, and Corynebacterium minutissimum). All enzymes could be demonstrated in at least one representative of the species tested. Those Propionibacterium species most frequently found in acne vulgaris lesions, i.e., P. acnes and P. granulosum, proved to be the most active organisms concerning the production of the enzymes tested. P. avidum, on the other hand, showed the highest rate of hemolytic activity.
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PMID:Enzymatic and hemolytic properties of Propionibacterium acnes and related bacteria. 20 61

Hemolytic mutants of Lancefield strain SS-95 and ATCC 19615 Streptococcus pyogenes were produced by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. These mutants contained the same levels of streptolysin O, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase, deoxyribonuclease, and hyaluronidase. The mutants were deficient in streptolysin S, as was the naturally occurring nonhemolytic Lowry strain. The mutants retained their pathogenicity for mice and, when reisolated from the dead animals, produced the mutant hemolytic pattern.
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PMID:Hemolytic mutants of group A Streptococcus pyogenes. 34 36

Thirty-nine strains of gram-positive microaerophilic cocci isolated from cases of heifer and dry-cow mastitis were biochemically characterized with the API 50E and API-ZYM test kit systems, gas-liquid chromatography for analysis of end products of glucose metabolism, and anaerobic biochemical tests (L. V. Holdeman, E. P. Cato, and W. E. C. Moore, Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, 1977). Strains were screened for production of a variety of extracellular enzymes on substrate-containing agar plates and for hemolysin and coagulase production. Antibiotic susceptibility and sensitivity tests were also performed. The microaerophilic cocci displayed homogeneity with respect to the majority of the biochemical tests used; i.e., greater than or equal to 90% of the strains were consistently positive or negative in any one test and probably represent one species. All produced deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, and hyaluronidase, and 92% were positive for chondroitin sulfatase. Catalase and coagulase tests were negative. Greening was observed on bovine blood agar. Acetic and succinic acids were produced by all strains as the only detectable products of glucose metabolism. The strains were susceptible to penicillin G, cefoxitin, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol and were resistant to clindamycin, novobiocin, and metronidazole. Their taxonomic position remains unclear.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of unidentified microaerophilic cocci isolated from heifer and dry-cow mastitis. 39 19

In the present study, a culture system of human placental cells was established to examine the role of estrogen and androgen in progesterone (P4) formation. Normal human placentae were obtained at term, and cells were dispersed in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (5 ml/g tissue) containing 0.1% collagenase, 0.1% hyaluronidase, 0.01% deoxyribonuclease, and 1% fetal bovine serum for 2 h at 37 C. Dispersed placental cells (10(6) cells/ml) were placed in medium 199 with modified Earle's salts (pH 7.4) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 12.5 mM HEPES buffer, 26 mM NaHCO3, and 40 micrograms/ml Gentamycin-SO4 and incubated for 72 h at 37 C and 5% CO2 in air to allow cell attachment. Medium was then changed (time zero), and P4 formation was studied thereafter. Culture of placental cells for 96 h resulted in linear increases in P4 and estradiol (E2) formation, indicating the maintenance of cell viability and steroidogenic function. Mean +/- SE P4 formation at 48 h was 246 +/- 16 pg/micrograms DNA. To assess the role of estrogen on P4 formation, placental cells were incubated for a period of 48 h with various amounts (10(-7)-10(-4)M) of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25), the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA), and/or E2. Both MER-25 and 4-OHA resulted in a dose-dependent decline (P less than 0.01) in P4 formation (greater than 80% decline at 10(-4)M MER-25 or 4-OHA). The marked reduction in P4 formation caused by 4-OHA alone was reversed by concomitant addition of E2; however, E2 alone had no effect. To assess the role of androgens on P4 formation, cells were incubated for 48 h with increasing amounts (10(-7)-10(-4)M) of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), or dihydrotestosterone. Although the formation of E2 was enhanced by DHA, formation of P4 was not affected by the aromatizable androgens DHA or androstenedione or the nonaromatizable dihydrotestosterone. The decline in P4 formation by human placental cells in culture elicited by MER-25 or 4-OHA supports the hypothesis of a regulatory role for estrogen in placental P4 formation during human pregnancy. The lack of effect of exogenous estrogen suggests that the action of estrogen on P4 formation may be permissive.
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PMID:Regulation of progesterone formation by human placental cells in culture. 294 94

An enzymatic method is described for disaggregation of viable tumor cells from human solid tumors. The enzymatic cocktail consists of 0.1% collagenase, 0.01% hyaluronidase, and 0.002% deoxyribonuclease. After mechanical mincing of the tumor tissue, tumor specimens are dissociated by incubation in the enzymatic cocktail for 12-18 hours at room temperature. In 17 cases of sarcoma, the mean yield was 5 X 10(6) viable cells per gram tumor tissue. Yield was 1 X 10(7) viable cells per gram tumor tissue in 23 cases of gastrointestinal carcinoma. The viabilities of tumor cell suspensions ranged from 50 to 98%, except for low viabilities in four specimens that were grossly composed almost entirely of necrotic tissue. The dissociation procedure is simple and the viable cell yield is sufficient for applications in studies of human cancer immunobiology.
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PMID:An enzymatic method for the consistent production of monodispersed viable cell suspensions from human solid tumors. 298 62


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