Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present 3 patients with chronic renal failure who had postoperative paralysis due to the administration muscle relaxants. One of them received gallamine, a non-depolarizing blocking agent that is mainly excreted by the kidney (70--90%). Two of them received pancuronium bromide, also a non-depolarizing blocking agent which is partially excreted by the kidneys (37--44%). All of them received succinylcholine. Succinylcholine is hydrolyzed by the serum cholinesterase into succinylmonocholine and choline. These active metabolites are excreted by the kidney. These patients serve as examples of the importance of considering the route of excretion of drugs and their metabolites in clinical situations involving the renal failure patient. The pharmacology of drugs administered relative to surgical procedures is reviewed.
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PMID:Anesthesia related muscle paralysis in renal failure. 35 7

Serum cholinesterase concentrations were measured in 181 patients in chronic renal failure. Significant differences in cholinesterase concentrations were not found in patients undergoing dialysis and changes appear to be independent of the method of treatment used. Clinical experience with suxamethonium to facilitate tracheal intubation was satisfactory in 80 patients undergoing renal transplant. Apnoea occurred in one patient who was found subsequently to have atypical cholinesterase inheritance.
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PMID:Preoperative serum cholinesterase concentration in chronic renal failure. Clinical experience of suxamethonium in 81 patients undergoing renal transplant. 91 95

Nutritional status, assessed by anthropometric and biochemical methods, and muscle water, protein and amino acid composition, were evaluated in a control group of 10 children with normal renal function who were undergoing elective surgery, and in 15 children with end-stage chronic renal failure. Samples of the rectus abdominis muscle were taken when surgery was performed in the control children and when a peritoneal catheter was implanted in the uremic children. Height and body weight were reduced in the uremic children compared to the controls but skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference and serum proteins (total protein, albumin, transferrin, pseudocholinesterase) were essentially normal. The muscle contents of total, extracellular and intracellular water, and of alkali-soluble protein (ASP), DNA and the ASP-DNA ratio were not significantly different in uremic children from those in the controls. Plasma leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, valine, and serine levels were significantly decreased, whereas plasma citrulline, 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine levels were increased. Muscle isoleucine and valine levels and the valine/glycine ratio were low in the uremic children. Our results demonstrate that children with chronic renal failure and growth retardation may maintain a satisfactory nutritional status but exhibit amino acid abnormalities typical of uremia.
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PMID:Nutritional status and muscle amino acids in children with end-stage renal failure. 151 82

The evaluation of the nutritional state of patients on maintenance haemodialysis is one of the main aspects involved in the prescription of treatment, since malnutrition is frequent among these patients and is a very important risk factor. We studied the albumin levels and the levels of several rapid interchange proteins (prealbumin, transferrin, cholinesterase) in 106 patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis. The proteic catabolism rate (pcr) and total dose on normalized dialysis (KT/V) was also determined in these patients, in accordance with the kinetic urea model. Anthropometrical measurements were taken (dry weight following haemodialysis, skin fold of the triceps and muscular circumference of the arm) in 65 patients. The average levels of the proteins studied were within normal laboratory limits, except for albumin, which was slightly lower. The greater frequency of infranormal levels corresponded to albumin (57%); the protein least altered was prealbumin (14.7%), although 70.4% of patients showed lower levels of this protein compared to those considered as indicating a poor prognosis (30 mg/day). The estimated daily proteic intake, according to the proteic catabolism rate, was lower than the recommended rate in 58% of our patients, this was not correlated with any of the proteins studied, and was significantly lower in the group of patients whose dialysis dose was too low. Although the anthropomorphic parameters did not correlate with any protein, the average levels of prealbumin were significantly lower in patients with infranormal levels of dry weight and skin fold of the triceps. The albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and cholineserase levels were not affected by treatment with erithropoyetin, haemodialysis buffer bath or type of membrane used.
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PMID:[An evaluation of the nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney failure on hemodialysis via rapid-turnover proteins]. 155 87

Twenty anephric and 20 healthy patients received a bolus dose of mivacurium 150 micrograms kg-1. When the first EMG response (T1) of the train-of-four had recovered to 5% of control (T0), an infusion of mivacurium 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1 was started and adjusted to keep T1 at 5%. Ten patients in each group were given neostigmine 35 micrograms kg-1 when the infusion was stopped when T1/T0 had recovered to 20%; in the others recovery was spontaneous. After the bolus dose of mivacurium, mean (SD) depression of T1 was greater in the anephric group than in the normal group (98.4 (3.5) vs 96.8 (4.4)%; P less than 0.01) and recovery of T1/T0 to 5% was slower (15.3 (6.9) vs 9.8 (3.5) min; P less than 0.01). Anephric patients required a slower infusion rate (6.3 (1.9) vs 10.4 (2.8) micrograms kg-1 min-1; P less than 0.001). Neostigmine hastened recovery of both T1/T0 and T4/T1 in both groups. Spontaneous recovery of T1/T0 (from 25% to 75%) after the infusion was also slower in anephric patients (12.2 (8.2) vs 7.7 (1.2) min; P less than 0.05). Plasma cholinesterase activity was less in the anephric group (785 (207) vs 943 (217) iu litre-1; P less than 0.05) and there was a (negative) correlation overall between cholinesterase activity and time to 5% recovery of T1/T0 after the bolus dose (r = -0.42; P less than 0.02). We conclude that patients with chronic renal failure may require a reduced dose of mivacurium.
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PMID:Use of mivacurium chloride by constant infusion in the anephric patient. 164 38

Insulin-like growth factor II is secreted primarily by the liver and is reported to be transcribed in many primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) cell lines. We have studied diagnostic significance of serum IGF-II in chronic liver diseases using specific enzyme immunoassay. Serum IGF-II levels (mean +/- SE) were decreased in chronic hepatitis (538 +/- 51 ng/ml; N = 29), liver cirrhosis (427 +/- 45; 50) and PHC (260 +/- 41; 17) compared to controls (830 +/- 49; 57). Serum IGF-II was not different from controls in any of nonhepatic diseases such as diabetes (1032 +/- 97; 19) pancreatic cancer (1413 +/- 282; 8), chronic pancreatitis (999 +/- 126; 17), peptic ulcer (1186 +/- 43; 11), irritable bowel syndrome (1002 +/- 109; 12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (1250 +/- 216; 21) and chronic renal failure (733 +/- 135; 14). In liver diseases serum IGF-II showed a significant correlation with liver function test (negative with retention of indocyanine green and total bile acids; positive with albumin, thrombo-test, and cholinesterase). These results suggest that serum IGF-II reflects a reduced production of IGF-II in the liver and that it can be an index for the residual capacity of liver function.
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PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor II in chronic liver disease. 253 15

Studies were performed to investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the nutritional status in chronic hemodialysis patients. Serum IL-6 in 45 patients (21 men and 24 women), each with chronic renal failure and having undergone hemodialysis for more than 3 years, was measured before and after a dialysis session. The nutritional status of each patient was evaluated by measuring body mass index (BMI), body weight loss for 3 years, midarm muscle area (MAMA), serum albumin, prealbumin, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the patients undergoing hemodialysis (11.7 +/- 2.8 pg/mL) than in healthy volunteers (< 0.6 pg/mL). There was no further increase in serum IL-6 after a dialysis session when the extracellular water volume was corrected by the ultrafiltrate volume. Predialytic serum IL-6 was significantly correlated with serum albumin (r = -0.4, P = 0.006), cholinesterase (r = -0.51, P = 0.001), body weight change for 3 years (r = -0.48, P = 0.001) and MAMA r = -0.39, P = 0.05). With the patients divided into two groups, a high serum IL-6 (>10 pg/mL) group and low serum IL-6 (<10 pg/mL) group, the body weight loss for 3 years (-4.60% +/- 1.39% v 0.76 +/- 0.75%, P < 0.01) was significantly higher, and the serum albumin level (3.66 +/- 0.10 g/dL v 3.96 +/- 0.05 g/dL, P < 0.05) was significantly lower in those patients with high serum IL-6 than in those with low serum IL-6. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that the serum IL-6 level was dependent on the duration of hemodialysis, age, and the dialysis membrane properties. These results suggest that the nutritional status in chronic hemodialysis patients was affected, at least in part, by the circulating IL-6 level. Multiple factors, such as long-term hemodialysis, aging, and the use of a regenerated cellulose membrane dialyzer, were associated with this increased level of IL-6.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 may mediate malnutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients. 942 58

The authors monitored, for a period of 12 months, anemia-, nutrition-, and free radical-related parameters and the rHuEPO dose required to maintain target hemoglobin (Hb) in 20 patients with chronic renal failure. Ten patients each were randomized for treatment by either acetate-free biofiltration (AFB) or low-flux hemodialysis (HD). At baseline, Hb levels were 102+/-2 (AFB) vs. 98+/-2 g/L (HD) (not significant difference, NS), the rHuEPO dose was 4050+/-976 vs. 5100+/-1538 lU/week (NS). Compared with baseline and with HD, lower rHuEPO doses were required during AFB at months 8, 9, 10 and 11, and 12 when they were 2100+/-510 (AFB) vs. 6000+/-1153 (HD), p=0.008. Prealbumin, transferrin and cholinesterase levels rose in the AFB group. Kt/V, albumin, transferrin saturation, aluminium, bicarbonate in serum, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes, and malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity in plasma did not differ between the AFB and HD groups. In terms of anemia control, AFB using an AN69 membrane was found to be more advantageous than low-flux HD, AFB improves some nutritional parameters. The compared methods do not differ in their effect on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system.
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PMID:The effect of hemodialysis and acetate-free biofiltration on anemia. 1079 62