Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effects on 25 analytes of duration of contact of serum with non-anticoagulated blood and of temperature. Serum was separated after blood was allowed to stand, for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, or 48 h at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C. Results obtained for bilirubin, albumin, zinc sulfate turbidity, thymol turbidity, cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), total cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoprotein, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) were not influenced by storage at 4, 24, or 30 degrees C for as long as 48 h. Negligible differences were seen for potassium in sera in contact with cells as long as 24 h at 23 degrees C and for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 4 degrees C. However, at 4 degrees C we noted an increase at 8 h, a slight decrease at 30 degrees C. Statistically significant changes were seen for total protein and calcium after 48 h at 30 degrees C; for aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C and as soon as 6 h at 30 degrees C; for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) after 8 h at 30 degrees C and between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C; for glucose at 24, 4, or 2 h of storage at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C, respectively; for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 23 degrees C or 8 h at 30 degrees C; for potassium after 4 h at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 30 degrees C; and for sodium after 48 h at 4 degrees C or 6 h at 23 or 30 degrees C.
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PMID:Serum-constituents analyses: effect of duration and temperature of storage of clotted blood. 744 20

Recent progress in biotechnology is tremendous and its application to isozyme diagnosis has been altered. First, the mechanism of isozyme system in molecular level has been revealed and clinical assessment of isozymes has been followed. Several examples are shown: tumor-producing amylase is caused by translocation of amylase gene; serum cholinesterase is encoded by only one gene; pyruvate kinase gene has two independent exon, containing translation initiator signal; electrophoretic variant of lactate dehydrogenase is caused by missense mutation; alkaline phosphatase isozymes are constituted from different allele products and post-translational modification. Second, improvement of assay procedure by using biotechnology have made isozyme analysis easier, faster, more convenient and more precise. Stable enzymes and monoclonal antibodies against the produced enzymes have been utilized for a different recognition of isozymes. It is believed that a diagnostic system of isozymes will be established in detail.
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PMID:[Progress in biotechnology and its clinical application to isozyme diagnosis]. 760 65

Information on the stability of serum analytes during storage of serum or whole blood samples is often incomplete and sometimes contradictory. Using a widely available analyser (Hitachi 737/Boehringer), we therefore determined the effects of storage time and temperature on the measured concentrations of the following serum analytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase, lactate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase. When separated serum was stored at + 9 degrees C for seven days, the mean changes in inorganic phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase exceeded significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.001, respectively) the maximum allowable inaccuracy according to the Guidelines of the German Federal Medical Council; all other quantities were sufficiently stable. In serum at room temperature, inorganic phosphate, uric acid, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols increased continuously, whereas bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased more than the guidelines permit during the storage period (p < 0.05 for aspartate aminotransferase, p < 0.001 for the other analytes mentioned). In whole blood stored for 7 days at + 9 degrees C, only the following serum analytes satisfied the stability requirements of the guidelines: calcium, urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and cholinesterase. When stored at room temperature, only sodium, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase and cholinesterase were still stable after 3 days. The data collected show that all quantities examined are sufficiently stable for four days in separated serum stored at + 9 degrees C.
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PMID:Storage of serum or whole blood samples? Effects of time and temperature on 22 serum analytes. 762 90

The effects of strenuous physical exercise on the serial changes in the haematological, biochemical and hormonal markers were investigated. A group of 14 soldiers, aged 24-36 years, took part in a military training course for about 13 weeks. After severe exercise stress, an increase (90%) in the number of peripheral blood leucocytes was observed. The degree of leucocytosis showed a close correlation with the values of some serum parameters, such as concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; r = 0.747), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; r = 0.748), blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.756), creatine kinase (CK; r = 0.637), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; r = 0.508), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; r = 0.542) and uric acid (r = 0.538), and concentrations of urinary parameters, such as vanilmandelic acid (r = 0.429) and free cortisol (r = 0.437). The subjects showing prominent leucocytosis over 9500 cells.microliters-1 exhibited a lower concentration of serum cholinesterase than those who showed milder leucocytosis. The serum Mn-SOD concentration was closely correlated with the serial changes in serum concentrations of AST, ALT, LD and CK, indicating exercise-induced muscle and liver damage. The change in peripheral leucocyte number was assumed to be diagnostically informative and may be a prognostic marker, reflecting organ damage and restoration after strenuous physical exercise.
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PMID:Leucocytosis as a marker of organ damage induced by chronic strenuous physical exercise. 878 93

The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence the prognosis of hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage. We investigated the outcome of the activity of daily living (ADL 1: full recovery at social life, 2: self cared, 3: required partial care at home, 4: remained bedridden, 5: vegetative state, 6: dead) one year after the onset of putaminal hemorrhage in comparison with initial data obtained on the day when it occurred. The following parameters were assessed: sex, age, side of hematoma, classification of computed tomography (CT) findings, neurological grade, degree of muscle power, hematoma volume, treatment, past history of cerebrovascular disease, and laboratory data. In 67 patients with putaminal hemorrhage, the relationships among these parameters were examined using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Additionally, in 55 patients (24 male and 31 female) with complete data from the day of onset, multiple regression analysis was performed. The data of muscle power were handled by the quantification method. The result of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient indicated that the outcome had a positive correlation with age (correlation coefficient = 0.375), CT classification (0.595), neurological grade (0.714), hematoma volume (0.689), a past history of cerebrovascular disease (0.475), the white blood cell count (0.541), and the lactate dehydrogenase level (0.347). The outcome had a negative correlation with muscle power (-0.579) and the cholinesterase (-0.340).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Outcome evaluation in putaminal hemorrhage by multiple regression analysis]. 784 9

The objective of this investigation was to determine the distribution of cholinergic (acetyl-cholinesterase, AChE) and noncholinergic markers in slow-, fast-, and mixed-fiber containing muscles (soleus, SOL; extensor digitorum longus, EDL; and diaphragm, DIA, respectively). Noncholinergic markers included high-energy phosphates (adenosine triphosphate, ATP; phosphocreatine, PCr; and their metabolites), and the activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and their isoenzymes and subforms. All three types of muscles had only one CK isoenzyme, CK-MM, which totally consisted of MM3 subform. Levels of these determinants were highest in EDL followed by DIA and least in SOL. Another objective was to determine alterations of these markers under the influence of acute carbofuran (1.5 mg/kg) or methyl parathion (MPTH, 5 mg/kg) toxicity. Rats receiving either insecticide showed cholinergic signs with maximal severity including muscle fasciculations and convulsions within 15-30 min that lasted for about 2 h. At 1 h postinsecticide injection, when AChE was maximally inhibited (81-96%), significant depletion of ATP and PCr was evident in muscles (DIA > SOL > EDL), and activities of CK-MM and LDH were elevated in muscles and consequently in serum. Serum CK-MM3 activity was markedly reduced with sequential increase in MM2 and MM1 subforms, probably due to induced higher carboxypeptidase activity. These findings suggested that (1) the differences in levels of biochemical constituents in muscles depend upon the fiber type, (2) anticholinesterase insecticide-induced increased muscle activity produces characteristic changes in CK and LDH isoenzymes patterns, and (3) leakage of these enzymes/isoenzymes into serum is due to depletion of ATP and PCr, which are required to maintain the cell membrane permeability.
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PMID:Cholinergic and noncholinergic changes in skeletal muscles by carbofuran and methyl parathion. 796 39

A total of 25 apparently healthy adults (13 men and 12 women), 29.5 years (SD = 3.6 years) of age, served as subjects in a 24-h study conducted in Barcelona, Spain, in the spring of 1990. The group had a homogeneous pattern of meals, activity, and behavior. Six blood samples were collected at 4-h intervals over a single 24-h period beginning at 10:00 h. The oral temperature was measured at 2-h intervals to facilitate an independent biological time reference for the local population being studied. The serum concentration of 12 enzymes of clinical interest were measured in each sample: creatine kinase, creatine kinase 2, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase 1, 5'-nucleotidase, pancreatic alpha-amylase, and triacylglycerol lipase. We supposed that all experimental data obtained for a quantity came from a single "hypothetical subject" that represented the central tendency of the population and then these data were analyzed for circadian rhythm by single cosinor. A statistically significant circadian rhythm was detected in all quantities studied (p < or = 0.05) except for serum concentrations of pancreatic alpha-amylase and triacylglycerol lipase. The maximum daily rhythmic variation was approximately 10% (interval, 6-14%) for all quantities studied except pancreatic alpha-amylase (2.6%). This rhythmic variation is greater than the analytical variation except for 5'-nucleotidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase. The acrophases for the quantities studied (except that of triacylglycerol lipase) coincide with times near those of the oral temperature acrophase (18:01 local time). The results of this study will doubtless contribute to further documentation of the structure of the human circadian timing system and to establishment of time-qualified reference intervals for a defined group of subjects.
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PMID:Circadian rhythms of serum concentrations of 12 enzymes of clinical interest. 810 Apr 88

Plasma myeloperoxidase levels in patients with cirrhosis were compared with those in patients with chronic hepatitis and healthy controls by means of a specific radioimmunoassay for myeloperoxidase. The mean concentration of plasma myeloperoxidase in cirrhotic patients (309.1 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 41) was markedly higher than that in chronic hepatitis patients (222.6 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 21) (p < 0.01) and normal controls (219.5 +/- 5.7 ng/ml, n = 50) (p < 0.01). Plasma myeloperoxidase showed good negative correlations with neutrocyte count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), thrombocyte count (r = -0.40, p < 0.01), red blood cell count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), serum albumin (r = -0.35, p < 0.01), and cholinesterase (r = -0.32, p < 0.02) and positive correlations with serum alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.31, p < 0.01) in patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Among lactate dehydrogenase isozymes, a good positive correlation was seen between plasma myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase-2 (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase-1 (r = 0.03, p < 0.02). Plasma myeloperoxidase was significantly higher in the cirrhotic and chronic hepatitis patients with splenomegaly (341.1 +/- 19.4 ng/ml, n = 31) than in those without splenomegaly (217.4 +/- 12.2 ng/ml, n = 29) (p < 0.01). We also examined the difference between plasma levels of myeloperoxidase in the portal and peripheral blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:High plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase in cirrhosis: a possible marker of hypersplenism. 824 62

Six serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were studied in 30 cases of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). The mean serum values of alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase in cases of PEM were significantly lower than the controls, lowering being maximum in PEM Grade IV. The mean serum values of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in patients with PEM were significantly higher than the controls. The mean serum values of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase showed similar significant rise in all but PEM Grade IV. The degree of increase in the serum values of these three enzymes were maximum in cases with PEM Grade I. These findings suggest that abnormalities in blood levels of these enzymes occur in any form of PEM and these are related to the severity of the disease.
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PMID:Serum enzyme abnormalities in protein energy malnutrition. 828 27

Cerebral microvessels from rats were prepared and characterized by their enrichment of specific markers, namely alkaline phosphatase (AP) and tau-glutamyl transpeptidase (tau-GT). Further, it was observed that AP and tau-GT registered marked increase in aged rats. On the contrary, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity decreased with the increasing age. Monoamine oxidase A activity in the microvessels decreased with age whereas MAO-B moved in the reverse direction. No noticeable change was seen in acetyl-cholinesterase activity with increasing age of rats.
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PMID:Permeability function related to cerebral microvessel enzymes during ageing in rats. 873 83


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