Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study in the enzymatic properties of muscle membranes established that sarcolemma of the rabbit skeletal muscles contains the Ca2+-ATPase system which does not require Mg2+ for manifestation of ions activity. By some kinetic properties it differs from ATPase of myosin. The complex Ca-ATP2+ is a substrate of Ca2+-ATPase. Ions of a series of bivalent metals inhibit the latter as well as the passive transport of Ca2+, that may evidence for a definite relation of Ca2+-ATPase with Ca+2 transport in skeletal muscles. Acetyl cholinesterase and AMP-aminohydrolase are strongly bound with the sarcolemma. The sarcolemma structural organization is shown to play a certain role in manifestation of their activity. On the basis of the data obtained when studying the activity in the ATPase systems and dynamics of formation and decay of the intermediate phosphorylated product in the microsomal fraction of cow and rabbit myometrium certain peculiarities are established for the active mechanisms of Ca2+ transport in smooth muscles. A problem is under discussion on the possible active participation of sarcolemma in regulation of Ca2+ concentration in the smooth muscle cells. Two ATPase systems, Mg2+-dependent and Mg2+-dependent Ca2+ activated are found in nuclei; the role of lipids of the skeletal muscles in manifestation of their activity is studied. AMP-amino hydrolase properties are characterized for different areas of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum membranes. The model of E-avitaminous muscular distrophy was used to show disturbances in the structure of sarcolemma and membranes of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum which are accompanied by changes in their ATPase and Ca2+-transporting properties.
...
PMID:[Enzymatic properties in muscle membranes]. 12 74

Differences in morphogenetic and metabolic activities of the arterial smooth muscle cells (s.m.c.) of the young rat's aorta and femoral artery were studied by histochemical, radiochemical and quantitative radioautographic methods. 3H-proline was found to be incorporated into the medial myocyte of both vessels and released into the extracellular connective tissue matrix during the first 6 hours. The intracellular and extracellular phases of this process were similar to those of other scleroprotein-synthesizing cells. The 3H-proline incorporation, the metachromasia (GAG) and the activities of acetyl-cholinesterase, beta-glucuronidase, aryl-sulfatase and 5'-nucleotidase were more intense in the aortic media. On the other hand, some oxido-reductases linked with cellular respiration, glycogenolysis and energy production as well as the myosin-ATPase and MAO activities are more intense in the femoral artery. These differences suggest the morpho-functional diversity of the arterial s.m.c.: greater morphogenetic activity of the aortic myocyte; earlier and higher contractile differentiation of the femoral one.
...
PMID:Segmental differences in morphogenetic activity of arterial smooth muscle cells. Histochemical and radioautographic studies. 15 89

The authors found that the contractile activity of isolated myofibers as-well as superprecipitation of myosin B were reduced after intoxication of white rats with 1/2 of dose of LD50 of neguvon. The reaktivator of cholinesterase TMB-4 (20 mg/kg) recovered the contractile capability of myofibres even on the third day after treatment, but superprecipitation of myosin B-after the twentieth day.
...
PMID:[Changes in the transverse striated musculature during treatment with the pesticide, Neguvon, and TMB-4 reactivator]. 43 9

The morphology of the peroneus longus muscle of the Chinese quail was studied in relation to partial behavorial characteristics. On the basis of the actomyosin ATPase reaction after alkaline and acid preincubation, three fiber types are revealed. The indirect immunofluorescence, using specific antibodies against 'slow' myosin from the human vastus lateralis muscle, provokes a strong reaction on the small fiber type. The characteristics of the innervation revealed by the cholinesterase activity, concentrated in the synaptic gutters and the direct study of the nerve fibres, show focal, mono-axonal 'en plaques' endings, typical of the phasic motor system.
...
PMID:[Histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and biometry of muscle fibers and their innervation of the peroneus longus muscle]. 183 85

Eight liver biopsy specimens from five patients with PAS-negative intracisternal hyalin were investigated by immunofluorescence for: (1) immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A, M, D, E; (2) light chains (kappa and lambda); (3) complement components C1q, C4, C3c, C5, C9; (4) C1-inactivator; (5) C3-activator; (6) alpha 1-antitrypsin; (7) alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; (8) plasminogen; (9) fibrinogen; (10) fibrinogen breakdown products D and E; (11) fibronectin; (12) prealbumin; (13) albumin; (14) betalipoprotein; (15) apolipoprotein; (16) alpha 1- and alpha 2-glycoprotein; (17) cholinesterase; (18) ceruloplasmin; (19) haemopexin; (20) myoglobin; (21) placenta lactogen; (22) transferrin; (23) actin; (24) myosin; (25) cathepsin D; and (26) hepatitis B surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg). The globules reacted significantly with antisera against C3c (three patients), C4 (three patients), C3-activator (one patient) and fibrinogen (two patients). The cause of the protein accumulation is not clear. Serial studies indicate the possibility of a disturbance of protein secretion and an as yet unidentified immune complex disorder.
...
PMID:Immunohistological investigations of PAS-negative globular intracisternal hyalin in human liver biopsy specimens. 285 88

A total of 147 muscle spindles was studied histochemically in serial transverse sections of 42 cat tenuissimus muscle specimens. Nuclear bag1, nuclear bag2 and nuclear chain intrafusal muscle fibers were distinguished by the differential staining resulting from the reactions for myosin adenosine 5'-triphosphatase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase. The majority of intrafusal fibers were of the same histochemical type at both fiber poles. However, seven muscle spindles contained one nuclear bag fiber each that presented as a bag1 in one pole and as a bag2 in the other pole. These "mixed" nuclear bag fibers were found in spindles that also contained at least one bag1 and one bag2 fiber of equivalent histochemical presentation in both fiber poles. The "mixed" bag fibers displayed differences of apparent fiber diameter and relative polar length between the two fiber poles. The motor innervation pattern, as revealed by staining for cholinesterase, was also dissimilar between the two poles of "mixed" bag fibers. The study indicates that the spindle equatorial region may in some instances serve as a boundary between two morphologically and histochemically different poles of the same intrafusal fiber.
...
PMID:The occurrence of "mixed" nuclear bag intrafusal fibers in the cat muscle spindle. 616 92

It is shown that myosin of human skeletal muscles is more difficult for purification from the actin and nucleic acids admixtures. It is also characterized by a less yield and a pronounced lability to denaturant effects as compared to rabbit myosin. The ATPase activity of human myosin is 1.5-2 times as low and the cholinesterase one--tens of times as high as those of rabbit myosin. A relative content of LC3 (LC--light chains) is approximately twice as low and that of LC1--as high as in rabbit myosin. It is supposed that the found differences in the properties may be explained to a considerable extent by a different ratio of certain light chains contained in the investigated proteins.
...
PMID:[Subunit composition and enzymatic properties of myosins from human and rabbit skeletal muscles]. 621 80

Cat tenuissmus muscles were deprived of motor nerve supply for three months by sectioning of the appropriate ventral spinal roots. Muscle spindles were located in the chronically de-efferented muscles and examined histochemically in serial transverse sections. Staining for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase showed that the spindle sensory innervation was preserved. The de-efferented intrafusal muscle fibers retained their differential staining with the reaction for myosin adenosine triphosphatase. However, all cholinesterase-active areas that are normally found along nuclear bag and nuclear chain intrafusal fibers demonstrated loss of the enzyme activity in the chronically de-efferented spindles. It is concluded that all histochemically demonstrable cholinesterase activity within the cat muscle spindle is dependent upon the continuous presence of motor innervation.
...
PMID:Examination of chronically de-efferented cat muscle spindles for cholinesterase activity. 706 45

Two cholinesterase (ChE) fractions were extracted from homogenates of rabbit skeletal muscle. One of them the sarcoplasmic ChE could be dissolved quantitatively with solution A. Following the extraction with solution B the myofibrillar ChE fraction could be recovered. The ChE-activity of the sarcoplasmic extract was about 38% and the activity of myofibrillar extract was about 50% of the ChE-activity of muscle homogenates. According to our calculations about 10-12% of the total ChE-activity is insoluble. By the aid of PAGE seven zones of ChE-activity could be distinguished in the sarcoplasmic extract. The activity of myofibrillar ChE-fraction was obtained by chromatographic purification of LMM. The LMM1 proved to be inhomogeneous with PAGE, however, only one fraction displayed ChE-activity. Immune-serum produced against myosin did not give reaction with purified sarcoplasmic ChE, only with the myofibrillar fraction. Our results suggest that the heterogeneous distribution of muscle ChE-es in different molecular forms is not an artifact.
...
PMID:Distribution of cholinesterases of rabbit skeletal muscle. 725 37

We hypothesized that hindlimb suspension unloading of 8-day-old neonatal rats would disrupt the normal development of muscle fiber types and the motor innervation of the antigravity (weightbearing) soleus muscles but not extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Five rats were suspended 4.5 h and returned 1.5 h to the dam for nursing on a 24 h cycle for 9 days. To control for isolation from the dam, the remaining five littermates were removed on the same schedule but not suspended. Another litter of 10 rats housed in the same room provided a vivarium control. Fibers were typed by myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry and immunostaining for embryonic, slow, fast IIA and fast IIB isomyosins. The percentage of multiple innervation and the complexity of singly-innervated motor terminal endings were assessed in silver/cholinesterase stained sections. Unique to the soleus, unloading accelerated production of fast IIA myosin, delayed expression of slow myosin and retarded increases in standardized muscle weight and fiber size. Loss of multiple innervation was not delayed. However, fewer than normal motor nerve endings achieved complexity. Suspended rats continued unloaded hindlimb movements. These findings suggest that motor neurons resolve multiple innervation through nerve impulse activity, whereas the postsynaptic element (muscle fiber) controls endplate size, which regulates motor terminal arborization. Unexpectedly, in the EDL of unloaded rats, transition from embryonic to fast myosin expression was retarded. Suspension-related foot drop, which stretches and chronically loads EDL, may have prevented fast fiber differentiation. These results demonstrate that neuromuscular development of both weightbearing and non-weightbearing muscles in rats is dependent upon and modulated by hindlimb loading.
...
PMID:Effects of hindlimb unloading on neuromuscular development of neonatal rats. 1067 66


1

---