Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood cholinergic activity in ketamine anesthesia was studied through the acetylcholine level and activity of true and pseudocholinesterase on 30 patients during surgical interventions which were not very traumatic. Ketamine was found to increase acetylcholine blood level and activity of cholinergic enzymes in the blood due to the rise of parasympathetic nervous system tone and to the absence of depressing effect of the anesthetic upon the renal function.
 ...
PMID:[Blood cholinergic activity during ketamine anesthesia]. 69 93

25 iodomethylates of acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric and valeric esters of N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-derivatives of ephedrine (I) pseudo-ephedrine (II), salsoline (III), salsolidine (IV) and cytisine (V) are studied as substrates and inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase (EC 3.1.1.8) from human erythrocytes and butyrylcholine esterase (EC 3.1.1.8) from horse serum. Butyrylcholine esterase found to increase the hydrolysis rate of all the alkaloid esters studied with the increase of acyl radical either to valerates (for ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine derivatives), or to butyrates (for the rest alkaloids) and then it did not considerably change under further elongation of carbon chain up to valerate. Isobutyrates were observed to be similar to propionates in their hydrolysis rates. Acetylcholine esterase hydrolyzed acetates with the highest rate, while butyrates of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine derivatives were hydrolyzed by the enzyme 2,5-3-fold as slow as acetates. The rate of choline esterase hydrolysis decreased in the row: ephedrine--salsoline--cytisine with the volumetric increase of the cationic group. The decrease was almost 10-fold for butyrylcholine esterase, while a transition from "poor" substrates to reversible inhibitors was observed for acetylcholine esterase (3 of 5 cytisine esters were reversible inhibitors of the enzyme). The data obtained are compared with literary data on other cyclic choline esterase substrates; they are discussed from the viewpoint of unproductive binding hypothesis and on the basis of the structure of active centres of acetyl- and butyrylcholine esterases.
 ...
PMID:[Ephedrine, salsoline and cytisine derivatives as substrates and inhibitirs of cholinesterases]. 69 1

The serum level of beta2-glycoprotein I has been measured in a sample of 532 healthy, unrelated Caucasians resident in Melbourne. The distribution of levels is bimodal but lacks complete separation of the two modes. Samples with levels below 14.0 mg/100 ml are considered to be type I, and those above this level to be type N. The present sample contains 42 subjects of the former phenotype and 490 of the latter. The phenotypes are distributed equally between males and females and between smokers and nonsmokers and are unrelated to age, birth rank, or parental age. The gene frequencies for the Melbourne sample are compared with those found in various European samples. The beta2-glycoprotein I level of type N males is higher than that of females, and smokers have a higher level than nonsmokers. The positive regression of level on age is significant when corrections are made for sex and smoking status. beta2-glycoprotein I level is highly correlated with pseudocholinesterase activity. The pattern of inheritance of phenotypes has been examined in 17 families with a total of 56 children. In all families, this pattern is consistent with the currently accepted mode of autosomal codominant transmission.
 ...
PMID:The relation of sex, smoking status, birth rank, and parental age to beta2-glycoprotein I levels and phenotypes in a sample of Australian Caucasian adults. 70 Jul 2

The activity of plasma pseudocholinesterase (PChE) was determined on admission and prior to discharge from the hospital in 200 patients admitted consecutively to a medical ward specialized in liver and infectious diseases. In 24% of patients without liver diseases and without malignant growths the pseudocholinesterase-activity was below normal on admission but increased during the observation period toward normal values. There was a negative correlation between pseudocholinesterase-activity and the intensity of the inflammatory activity as measured by granulocyte count, ESR, body temperature and IgA. This correlation could be established for patients without demonstrable liver pathology as well as for liver diseases. Elevated pseudocholinesterase-levels were observed only in three cases of toxic liver injury (2 heavy drinkers, 1 case of polytoxicomania). In all patients with malignant diseases subnormal values of pseudocholinesterase were observed. Only one patient had normal pseudocholinesterase-activity on admission, but the pseudocholinesterase decreased within a few weeks to subnormal values as the underlying malignant melanoma progressed. The decrease of pseudocholinesterase-activity in malignant diseases was independent of the presence of liver metastases.
 ...
PMID:[Pseudocholinesterase in patients with and without liver diseases (author's transl)]. 70 68

Glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence technique and a copper thiocholine method were used to investigate the ontogenesis of the catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves of the rat iris and cornea. First fluorescent nerve fibres appeared in the iris on the 18th gestation day and in the cornea on the 19th day. A rapid increase in the density of the adrenergic nerve fibres of the iris continued to the age of three weeks, while the number of such fibres were small in the cornea. Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres appeared both in the cornea and in the iris on the 19th gestation day. Their density increased more rapidly in the iris, especially in the sphincter muscle, than in the cornea. Non-specific cholinesterase activity was localized in the Schwann cells and the reaction was more intense during development than in the nerves of the cornea of adult rats.
 ...
PMID:Pre- and postnatal development of catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves of the rat cornea and iris. 70 17

Measurement of the ocular interlimbic distance (OILD) with a vernier caliper has proved a useful method of studying the reduction in muscle tone caused by general anaesthetic agents and non-depolarising muscle relaxants. The depolarising muscle relaxant, suxamethonium, has a special effect on the extraocular muscles which can be exploited to monitor the incremental use of this drug and to assist in the management of suxamethonium-apnoea in patients with atypical pseudocholinesterase.
 ...
PMID:Ocular interlimbic distance. A new method of monitoring muscle relaxation during anaesthesia. 72 15

Blood acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and pseudocholinesterase (PCHE) activity and urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) excretion were measured in a group of 15 male agriculture field workers during a five-day thinning operation in a Northern California peach orchard. Eight men were randomly assigned to work in a Guthion-treated plot, and seven men to work in an adjoining plot free from organophosphate residues. Foliage samples were taken to measure dislodgeable and total Guthion residues. The daily mean percent change in the ACHE and in the PCHE activity was less than -10.0 percent of baseline values for each group of men. Mean ACHE activity of workers in the Guthion treated plot was different from that of workers in the control plot on the fifth exposure day. The mean PCHE activity of workers in the Guthion treated plot was not different from that of workers in the control plot. Daily group-mean urinary metabolite excretion levels for workers exposed to Guthion residues were highly correlated with their daily group-mean percent change in ACHE activity. No urinary metabolites were detected in workers in the control plot. Decay in Guthion residues was markedly slower in this trial than in a comparable study conducted one year previously, emphasizing the difficulty in setting re-entry intervals based on time elapsed from pesticide application. Suggestions were made to extend the time interval of future studies on the human health effects of organophosphate residue exposure, and to further refine urinary metabolite surveillance methods toward the goal of establishing a threshold level of metabolites which would correspond to meaningful exposure to these pesticides residues.
 ...
PMID:A controlled field trial of physiological responses to organophosphate residues in farm workers. 73 28

In the cerebellum of four species belonging to the three main reptilian orders the histochemical localization of cholinesterases has been studied. The use of different substrate-inhibitor combinations permits to record the distribution patterns of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase, mainly revealed as butyrylcholinesterase activity. From the neurological point of view it is interesting to note that acetylcholinesterase activity shows three different distribution patterns in reptilian cerebellum, thus confirming the characteristic variability previously noticed in the cerebellar cortex of other vertebrates.
 ...
PMID:Cholinesterase patterns in the cerebellum of reptiles. 84 59

The use of hypotensive agents in combination with succinylcholine may be necessary. Since trimethaphan has been reported to prolong the action of succinylcholine, the authors studied the abilities of trimethaphan and sodium nitroprusside to inhibit hydrolysis of succinylcholine by pseudocholinesterase in vitro. Trimethaphan was found to be a potent noncompetitive inhibitor of pseudocholinesterase (KI = 0.24 micronM). It could be calculated that a typical dose of trimethaphan would approximately double the duration of paralysis produced by the usual dose of succinylcholine. Nitroprusside had no inhibitory effect in vitro. It is concluded that nitroprusside is preferable when a hypotensive agent must be used in conjunction with succinylcholine.
 ...
PMID:Effects of trimethaphan and sodium nitroprusside on hydrolysis of succinylcholine in vitro. 86 47

Because pseudocholinesterase deficiency is an unusual anesthetic complication which requires specialized equipment and postanesthetic management and nursing care for successful treatment, it takes on added significance when it occurs in the ambulatory surgical patient. It emphasizes the fact that while operative procedures performed in the ambulatory surgical setting may be of comparatively minor magnitude, this does not in any way render them minor anesthetic procedures.
 ...
PMID:Pseudocholinesterase deficiency: an additional preoperative consideration in outpatient diagnostic procedures. 87 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>