Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
 12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For the evaluation of certain differences in the diminution of export proteins of the liver we examined some exactly defined groups of liver diseases with the aim of further differentiation of the pathogenetic mechanisms. We measured the activity of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, the Quick value, the coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX and X. Clotting factors were determined by a Schnitger-Gross Coagulometer. Prothrombin, antithrombin III, plasminogen, factor VIII associated antigen and activated factor XIII were measured by immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell. Lipoprotein electrophoresis in agarose gel was performed to evaluate changes in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Except of the rising diminution of export proteins in the course of liver disease from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis we found also specific changes of the patterns of the plasma specific enzymes. These proteins were diminished dependent on their half life time and the inflammatory activity--measured as the height of the transaminases. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and factor VIII did not participate in the general diminution of the most export proteins; some details were found to explain this differing behaviour. Results are critically discussed with regard to new aspects in the biochemistry of the damaged liver cell.
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PMID:[Correlations between the diminished secretion of export proteins from the liver and the plasmatic activity of liver cell enzymes (author's transl)]. 42 91

Part I: Immunological assays of clotting factors in the diagnosis of liver diseases. The immunological determination of Antithrombin III is a good measure of the capacity of the liver to synthesize plasma proteins. Antithrombin III concentration in serum correlated significantly with the prothrombin time and the activity of cholinesterase. The immunological determination of factor VIII related antigen seems to be important for the early recognition of the transition of an acute hepatitis into a chronic course. While following uncomplicated acute hepatitis the level of factor VIII related antigen is normal after 40 weeks, it remains high in cases which become chronic. Immunological assay of factor XIII seems to be not very useful in the diagnosis of liver diseases. Part II: Management of coagulation disturbances in liver diseases. Except cases of hepatic coma the hemostatic abnormalities in chronic liver diseases are rarely severe enough that correction is necessary. Prothrombin concentrates are considered by most of the discussants as unnecessary and potentially dangerous. Transfusion of platelets is only neccessary when the platelet count is below 40.000 and surgery is planned. It is uncertain whether patients with chronical liver disease and laboratory signs of DIC benefit from heparin therapy. Although laboratory tests may be improved, prognosis, especially in cases of acute oesophageal bleeding, seems to be not changed by this treatment.
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PMID:[Summary of work session 1: Blood coagulation in gastroenterology]. 78 39

Brain homogenate, cerebral microvessels, and endothelial cells (ECs) were prepared from 15-18-week-old human fetuses and analyzed biochemically for the presence of elements of the cholinergic system [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and butyrylcholinesterase]. The ECs were cultured, and their purity was checked by light microscopic immunohistochemistry with the application of anti-human factor VIII and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The highest activity of ChAT was found in the brain homogenate and the lowest in the microvessel fraction. No ChAT activity could be detected in the cultured ECs, despite the presence of high AChE activity. It is suggested that human brain ECs may be under the control of acetylcholine released from cholinergic nerve terminals but that the cells do not produce the transmitter itself. In coculture experiments, when ECs were plated on the upper surface of a polycarbonate filter and glial cells were seeded on the lower surface, the electric resistance was measured. During the culture period, the resistance first increased up to 5 days in vitro (297 +/- 17 ohm.cm2) but later gradually declined. These results demonstrate that human ECs cocultured with glial cells provide a useful model for study of the function of the blood-brain barrier in vitro.
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PMID:Endothelial cells from human fetal brain microvessels may be cholinoceptive, but do not synthesize acetylcholine. 202 20

When compared to control subjects plasma fibronectin and factor XIII as well as plasma fibrinogen, factor VIII-related antigen and serum cholinesterase were found to be significantly increased in nephrotic patients. Factor XIII activity was positively correlated with serum cholinesterase, while plasma fibronectin displayed weak correlations with plasma fibrinogen and factor VIII-related antigen. It is considered that increased levels of factor XIII and fibronectin should be related to the intensity of the liver's compensative response to proteinuria, although their turnover rates and the signals triggering this response may differ. It is however difficult to assess possible consequences of the above-mentioned changes for the evolution of the nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Plasma fibronectin and factor XIII in nephrotic syndrome. 311 25

A Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer was used in a clinical laboratory for the performance of chromogenic clotting assays. Three commercially available photometric clotting tests--prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and fibrinogen--were compared with the traditional clotting assays during 3 months. No great discrepancies were found between the traditional assays and the new photometric assays. The chromogenic PT could replace the traditional thrombotest, PT and Normotest, because it was sensitive and accurate over a broad range of clotting factor activity. Furthermore the chromogenic PT could be used to discriminate between a decreased clotting activity due to vitamin K deficiency or to a decreased protein synthesis by the liver. A decreased protein synthesis was confirmed by measuring a decrease in the serum cholinesterase activity. The chromogenic aPTT could be used for the assay of heparin concentrations in the therapeutic range and turned out to be more sensitive for deficiencies of factor VIII and factor IX than a traditional clotting aPTT. We conclude that the accuracy and practicability of clotting assays are improved by the new assays without diminishing the clinical value of the results.
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PMID:Use of a centrifugal analyzer for a chromogenic prothrombin time, a chromogenic activated partial thromboplastin time and a kinetic fibrinogen assay in a routine hospital laboratory. 366 83

Protein C was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasmas from 58 normal subjects, 39 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and 5 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Protein C levels ranged from 69.7 to 163.6% (95% confidence limits) in normal subjects. In patients with DIC, protein C concentrations were significantly decreased, with a geometric mean value of 42.1%. Protein C concentration was positively correlated with plasma prothrombin, antithrombin III and serum pseudocholinesterase, and was negatively correlated with von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and vWF:Ag/factor VIII ratio. These findings suggest that low protein C concentrations in DIC mean a consumption of protein C probably due to its activation by thrombin and/or impaired liver synthetic function. In patients with TTP, protein C levels were normal with a geometric mean value of 116.7%, indicating that the pathophysiology of TTP is quite different from that of DIC.
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PMID:Protein C levels in disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: its correlation with other coagulation parameters. 384 Dec 32