Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase)
12,691 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this prospective study was to examine the usefulness of flow-dependent dynamic liver function tests and conventional methods of evaluating liver function as predictors of pretransplant survival in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation within the follow-up period of 365 days were excluded. One hundred one patients with histologically confirmed cirrhosis were studied. Fifty-eight patients had post-hepatitic cirrhosis, 13 had cryptogenic cirrhosis and 30 had biliary cirrhosis. During follow-up, 28 patients died of their liver diseases. At entry, we recorded indocyanine green half-life, monoethylglycinexylidide formation from lidocaine, bilirubin and albumin serum concentrations, activities of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, clinical complications of ascites and encephalopathy and the Pugh score. These variables were subjected as covariates to a stepwise survival analysis by use of the Cox proportional-hazards model. At the final step, Pugh score, monoethylglycinexylidide formation and indocyanine green half-life were found to be the only independent variables significantly related to 1-yr survival. The parallel combination of Pugh score and monoethylglycinexylidide test yielded the highest prognostic sensitivity (82%). The series approach combining either the Pugh score and indocyanine green test or the monoethylglycinexylidide and indocyanine green tests was associated with the highest specificity (96%/97%) and high predictive values of a positive result (81%/82%). These findings suggest that appropriate combinations of the studied flow-dependent dynamic liver function tests and the Pugh score could be useful in improving transplant candidate selection and the timing of transplantation.
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PMID:Predictors of one-year pretransplant survival in patients with cirrhosis. 195 50

The objective of this prospective study was to assess the prognostic value of dynamic liver function tests and traditional methods of evaluating liver function in potential candidates for hepatic transplantation. Patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation within the follow-up period of 120 days were excluded. The study included 107 adult and 57 pediatric patients with cirrhosis. Postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in 107 and biliary cirrhosis in 57 of 164 patients. During the follow-up period, 26 of 164 patients died of their liver disease. At the time of inclusion, we recorded monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) formation from lidocaine, indocyanine green (ICG) half-life, bilirubin and albumin serum concentration, activity of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, the clinical complication of ascites, and--in adults--the Pugh score also. These variables were subjected as covariates to a survival analysis (Cox proportional hazards regression model) using separately the data from adults, pediatric patients, all patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis, and all patients with biliary cirrhosis. In all of these four subgroups there was a significant relationship between MEGX and ICG test results and the 120-day survival. In the stepwise analysis, none of the remaining parameters contributed to a further relevant improvement of our predictive ability when added to the values of ICG and MEGX. Our results suggest that the ICG and the MEGX test are superior to conventional liver function tests and the Pugh score in assessing short-term prognosis in cirrhotics independently from the etiology of the underlying liver disease. These findings may have important implications for determining the optimum timing of transplantation.
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PMID:Assessment of pretransplant prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. 201 33

The effects of soman poisoning on hematological (counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets and measurement of hematocrit) and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and concentrations of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII, and factor XI) and serum biochemistry (concentration of albumin, protein, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, and creatinine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and amylase) were determined at 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours after poisoning of rabbits. There were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in the RBC counts in all treatment groups that were measured initially at 4 hours and were reflected by parallel decreases in the hematocrit values. These changes were probably due to an increase in the hemolysis of the RBC rather than a decrease in the production of RBC. There were minor changes in the coagulation parameters. Generally, the fibrinogen content increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 24 and 48 hours after soman (50 micrograms/kg) poisoning. Blood cholinesterase values were significantly reduced in all treatment groups at all time periods. The CPK activity was increased after 4 and 24 hours in the 20 and 50 micrograms/kg soman groups. There were minor changes in the other biochemistry values, but none that showed a dose-response relationship; thus, they were considered to be of limited significance with regard to the toxic manifestations of soman exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of soman poisoning on hematology and coagulation parameters and serum biochemistry in rabbits. 212 98

Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and T-2 toxin, singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred (Yorkshire x Landrace x Hampshire) pigs. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 6 barrows each fed diets containing 0 mg of AF and T-2/kg of feed (controls; group 1), 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed (group 2), 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (group 3), or 2.5 mg of AF plus 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (AF + T-2; group 4) ad libitum for 28 days (7 to 11 weeks of age). Production performance, and serum biochemical, and hematologic evaluations were made weekly. Body weight and body weight gain were depressed by all toxin treatments, but the effect of AF and T-2 toxin in combination was less than additive. Liver and kidney weights, as a percentage of body weight, were increased by AF treatment, and heart weight, as a percentage of body weight, was increased by T-2 treatment. Treatment with T-2 toxin induced necrotizing contact dermatitis on the snout, buccal commissures, and prepuce. Consumption of AF resulted in increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and decreased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Consumption of T-2 toxin resulted in increased serum triglyceride concentration and decreased serum iron concentration. Treatment with AF induced lower serum unsaturated iron-binding capacity and high RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, and prothrombin time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of treatment of growing swine with aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. 224 Jul 92

Hepatic binding protein (HBP) is a hepatic cell surface receptor specific for asialoglycoprotein. In vivo estimates of HBP concentration ([HBP]) were compared to classical indicators for hepatic functional reserve to clarify the validity of [HBP] in estimating the hepatic functional reserve in 30 humans. Estimates of [HBP] were obtained based on kinetic analysis of liver and blood time-activity data resulting from the hepatic clearance of a single injection of technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin, which is a synthetic analog radioligand specific to HBP. Estimates of [HBP] ranged 0.054 to 0.720 microM. Estimates of [HBP] in normal volunteers were 0.668 +/- 0.050 microM, whereas that in liver cirrhosis were 0.188 +/- 0.112 microM. The difference between the mean values of [HBP] estimates was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Good correlations were observed between [HBP] and prothrombin time (r = 0.625, p = 0.0002), serum albumin level (r = 0.687, p = 0.0001), serum cholinesterase level (r = 0.764, p = 0.0001), indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (r = 0.602, p = 0.0024), and Child-Turcotte classification score (Pugh's modification) (r = -0.797, p = 0.0001). We concluded that excellent correlations of [HBP] with classical indicators for hepatic functional reserve suggest potential value of [HBP] as a sensitive measure of functioning hepatocyte mass.
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PMID:In vivo estimates of hepatic binding protein concentration: correlation with classical indicators of hepatic functional reserve. 238 27

A method for rapid assessment of hepatic function in liver donors based on the formation of the lignocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), was used in a prospective study of 69 donor-recipient pairs. The probability of graft survival over 120 days was significantly higher for livers from donors with MEGX test values above 90 micrograms/l than for those from donors with MEGX values of 90 micrograms/l or below. Other liver function tests (bilirubin, prothrombin time, activity of aminotransferases, glutamate dehydrogenase, and cholinesterase, indocyanine green clearance, and galactose elimination capacity) were inefficient at predicting early outcome of transplantation. For a 20-day graft survival, the MEGX test showed prognostic sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 78%. These findings suggest that the MEGX formation test could be valuable for selection of donor organs.
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PMID:Lignocaine metabolite formation as a measure of pre-transplant liver function. 256 60

To determine the in vitro function of microencapsulated hepatocytes, viable hepatocytes were isolated from rats and encapsulated within biocompatible alginate-polylysine membranes for in vitro studies. Urea formation, prothrombin and cholinesterase activity, the incorporation of tritiated leucine into intracellular proteins and the immunolocation of synthesized albumin were monitored in culture. Despite a decrease in some of these activities, the cultured hepatocytes continued to function throughout the 5-week observation period, producing and excreting urea, prothrombin and cholinesterase activity into the medium. In addition, albumin could be demonstrated within encapsulated hepatocytes for up to 5 weeks. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed the cells to be embedded within the alginate matrix and to retain a globular shape.
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PMID:Development and evaluation of a system of microencapsulation of primary rat hepatocytes. 280 66

The ability of entrapped hepatocytes to secrete plasma proteins was examined for the purpose of developing a biological artificial liver. Hepatocytes were isolated from adult rat liver by perfusion with collagenase. Isolated hepatocytes were entrapped within calcium alginate. The entrapped cells induced tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in the presence of dexamethasone and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP and retained the ability to induce TAT for 7 days. Moreover, entrapped cells could synthesize and secrete a biologically active form of coagulation Factor II, prothrombin. Two plasma proteins, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and cholinesterase, were also secreted into the medium. Thus, hepatocytes within calcium alginate showed liver-specific characteristics, and these activities were almost comparable with those of monolayer-cultured cells.
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PMID:Synthesis and secretion of protein by hepatocytes entrapped within calcium alginate. 287 25

Six-year survival of cirrhosis was assessed in a series of 1155 consecutive patients (751 men, 404 women). Among the men, 33% were alcoholics and 18% were HBsAg positive; corresponding figures for the women were 15% and 6% respectively. Features of decompensation at first presentation were observed in 63% of the patients. Six-year survival was 54% in compensated and 21% in decompensated patients. No significant differences in survival were found between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Leading causes of death were liver failure (49%), hepatocellular carcinoma (22%), and bleeding (13%). The prognostic role of 21 variables was evaluated separately in compensated and decompensated patients by the Cox's regression model. The following variables were found to be significant predictors of death risk in compensated patients: male sex, HBsAg positivity, age, prothrombin time prolongation, and esophageal varices. In decompensated disease the significant indicators of death risk were: hepatocellular carcinoma, encephalopathy, hemorrhage, SGOT, esophageal varices, gamma globulins, prothrombin time prolongation, continued abuse of alcohol, HBsAg positivity, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and cholinesterase. A simple prognostic index based upon the relative risk coefficient of the significant variables is suggested.
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PMID:Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. 300 9

We describe a case of liver cirrhosis lacking the expected increase in serum thyroxin (T4)-binding globulin (TBG) despite abrupt, severe increases in aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) in serum. Sequential change in serum T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and TBG concentrations were also measured retrospectively in serum of 10 hospitalized patients with acute viral hepatitis. Although their mean T4 and TBG concentrations significantly exceeded those in 40 normal subjects (P less than 0.002 and P less than 0.001, respectively), these values were within the normal reference intervals in five patients. ASAT and ALAT concentrations were not significantly different in patients with increased TBG and patients with normal TBG, whereas mean concentrations of serum albumin and cholinesterase and mean prothrombin times (in percent) in the former group were significantly higher than those in the latter group (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.05, and P less than 0.001, respectively). For 60 samples with increased ASAT and ALAT, TBG and albumin or cholinesterase correlated significantly (r = 0.49, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.50, P less than 0.001, respectively), but not TBG and ASAT or ALAT. Collectively, these results suggest that the increase in serum TBG in acute hepatitis may reflect its synthesis in regenerating hepatocytes rather than a simple leakage from damaged hepatocytes.
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PMID:Are increases in thyroxin-binding globulin in patients with acute hepatitis ascribable to synthesis by regenerating hepatocytes? 312 18


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